After the machine was completely disassembled, it was time to paint it. Having examined the surfaces of its parts, it became clear that the existing paint coating needs to be deleted. You can, of course, paint it this way, but most likely the old paint will swell, and double work I didn't want to do it. I tried to remove the paint using a sandblaster that connects to the Herker, but it’s all nonsense. This bourgeois bastard doesn't take off the paint that came from the USSR. In the end I went for special means for washing old paint. We took ours, we will support our manufacturers, and for one thing we will test this product.

I'll tell you, the thing is vigorous. The paint lifts in one layer almost immediately after application (specifically in this case). I’m generally silent about unprotected skin; it easily burns your hands even through rubber gloves, so you need to work strictly with glasses and good rubber gloves. Some parts of the machine were painted in three layers, so it was not possible to remove the paint in one go, but where there was a single layer coating, as I already said, there were no problems at all. To simplify the work of removing paint, I used a washer high pressure, paired with a remover they work absolutely great. We do it this way: apply the product to the paint that needs to be removed and leave it all for thirty minutes. Thirty minutes later we arrive and use a high-pressure washer to remove the peeling coating. If there are places that did not give in, then we repeat the procedure. In my case, everything went away completely the third time. I washed the details. Because of the water, a slight coating of rust appeared on the surface of the cast iron pieces. It was easily removed with a solvent.

Painting. I decided to paint the massive elements of the machine bright green, and painted some small parts and the control handle black.

All fasteners were replaced. During assembly I will use stainless steel hardware. There are thoughts to modernize the headstock a little, but more on that later. If it doesn’t work out, I’ll assemble it in a standard version.

I don’t plan to make any changes to the tailstock design yet. The only thing that will have to be replaced is the quill clamp pin and the quill guide screw, also known as the set screw. The pin of the quill clamp needs to be changed due to the tortured thread, it has already become unusable.

I will tell you about the collection and modification of each of the nodes in the following articles.

Articles on machine restoration.

After the machine has been repaired and adjusted, the question arises of what and how to paint it. There are several requirements for painting a machine:

1. Protection of the machine surface from corrosion (humidity, temperature changes)
2. Resistance to mechanical stress (scratches, abrasion, chips, cracks)
3. Resistance to chemical attack (ingress of oils, coolant)
4. Saving appearance paint coating throughout the entire service life

Stages of painting work

For coloring metal surface It is advisable to use a three-layer, or better yet four-layer, coating system:

1. Adhesive primer layer- must be viscous and elastic, contain a soft resin with high adhesion;
2. putty- without the use of putty it is not possible to obtain a flawless, smooth and shiny metal painting surface;
3. Primer layer- the primer layer must impart color to the paint and therefore contain a sufficient amount of well-covering pigments;
4. Coating, paint- the coating layer provides the entire coating with a flawless surface.

If necessary, more than four layers of coatings have to be applied, i.e. some of the four layers have to be applied several times. For example, in addition to normal putty, they also use straightening putty, which is applied to individual areas of the painted product with severe surface defects.

All work on painting the surface of machine tools comes down to the following sequence:

• Preparing the surface of the machine - cleaning from dirt, rust, old paint, applying primer and putty, leveling the surface;
• Painting - applying paint to a prepared surface;
• Drying the painted surface.

1. Preparing the surface of the machine for painting

Cleaning the surface from dirt, rust, old paint

Cleaning the metal surface is necessary to improve the adhesion of the paint and varnish material and the corrosion properties of the painted surface.

The surface must be cleared of old paint, which, if not removed, may prevent fresh paint from applying to the surface as effectively as possible.

There are several ways to remove dirt, rust, and old paint from the surface of machines:

• Mechanical- cleaning with scrapers, wire brushes, sandpaper or sandblasting;
• Chemical- removal of old paint by washing with white spirit, turpentine, acetone, etc. or a 5-10% solution of caustic alkali at a temperature of 80-90°C, followed by washing with water;
• Thermal- removing paint using flame blowtorch and other means.

The best way to clean the surface of a machine from corrosion is sandblasting or shot blasting. Cleaning is also greatly facilitated by using a power tool.

Primer, putty and leveling of the machine surface

After cleaning the surface of the machine, it is necessary to degrease and prime. The primer layer protects the surface from corrosion and, most importantly, must contain a resin with high adhesion - viscous and elastic. The primer is applied manually with a brush, using a spray or dipping if the parts are small.

The 2-component epoxy primer with a high content of anti-corrosion additives - SG64 - has proven itself well. Thixotropic properties provide low viscosity when sprayed and quick “setting” to the surface, without spreading, and high adhesion to metal and hiding power allow you to create a uniform hard coating. This primer effectively protects the working surfaces of machine tools from corrosion, as well as from chemical exposure and excessive humidity. Paired with SG64, you can use homogeneous or structural enamel based on acrylic and polyurethane from the PD series.

The primed surface is again degreased and puttied in order to level it and improve the appearance of the coating. The thickness of the putty layer should not exceed 2 mm. Putty is applied to the surface with rubber, metal or wooden spatulas.

One of the new products in this area is automobile fiberglass reinforced putty, Particularly useful for filling large dents.

After the putty has dried, it is carefully sanded, polished until all irregularities are smoothed out using sandpaper No. 80-100, and the final one - with pumice or waterproof sandpaper. Grinding is greatly facilitated by the active use of power tools.

Before painting, degreasing (anti-silicone or degreaser) must be carried out to remove dust, oil, and grease.

2. Machine painting

Painting of machines can be done both in disassembled form and in assembled form. If it is necessary to paint individual components, they are usually removed from the machine, and then, after painting, they are installed back.

Usually, for better quality painting, it is necessary to dry and paint every part that is in the machine, since the subsequent normal operation of the machine depends on each part.

Only clean and smooth surfaces are painted. You can paint by spraying or brushing. Usually, before applying the paint to the product, it is filtered through a metal sieve with 1600-2400 holes per 1 cm2. A second coat of paint can be applied only after the previous layer has dried, giving the machine a beautiful appearance.

The current domestic standards for painting metalworking machines provide mainly only two colors - gray and green. Other colors available in the standards are intended for painting signal and warning equipment, etc. Departments artistic design equipment, proposals have been developed to expand the range of colors for painting the external surfaces of metalworking machines.

Paint selection

To solve complex task Special paints have been developed to protect and improve the appearance of the surface of machine tools, for example:

• Polymeron- special urethane enamel for metal + Phosphosoil- quick-drying phosphating primer for metal;
• PD-39- structural polyurethane single-layer paint based on acrylic;
• PD-48- structural polyurethane paint based on acrylic polyurethane.

A good alternative to special paints - automotive acrylic enamels and two-component epoxy primer. Automotive paints originally created for unfavorable conditions.

To receive high-quality surface It is better to use an airless (electric) sprayer or with a compressor. Manual method painting is also possible, however, more often than not, the quality decreases and more time is spent.

It is convenient to use aerosol paints. They are easy to apply, provide high painting performance, and also allow you to paint the surface in different colors and do not require the use of additional painting equipment.

In car stores you can also pick up a variety of auxiliary materials, protective tapes, drip removers, special protective clothing.

3. Drying

Drying is carried out at more than high temperature air than at the time of painting, preferably in drying chamber, then the paint will stick to the metal structure in the best possible way. But you can use "infrared heaters".

4. GOST 22133-86

To paint equipment in industrial environments, you must adhere to the requirements GOST 22133-86 Paint and varnish coatings for metal-cutting, forging, foundry and woodworking equipment. General requirements And GOST 9.032 Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations.

The standard applies to painting of metal-cutting, forging, foundry and woodworking equipment, including robotic technological complexes, establishes general requirements, color, texture and classes of paint and varnish coatings

The following range of colors is recommended: green, light green, gray, blue, gray-blue, dark cream, light cream. The colors shown cannot serve as a reference or color standard. Each type of machine requires individual creative approach. On the pages of the journal “Technical Aesthetics” a lot of attention is paid to the aesthetic culture of production, especially in the scientific approach to painting equipment and workshop premises.

List of enamels used for painting machines according to GOST 22133-86

Enamel NTs-25 is a suspension of SVP in a solution of colloxylin BHB and rosin ether with the addition of plasticizers. The enamel is produced in 19 colors. It is applied with a paint sprayer in 2-3 layers on a primed metal surface.

Dilute to a working viscosity of 25-38 s according to VZ-4 with solvent 64B or 646. The main purpose of the enamel is to paint equipment and various metal and wooden products, operated by the premises.

NTs-132 enamel is nitroalkyd. There are two brands available - brush NTs-132K and spray NTs-132P. Each stamp comes in 24 colors. The non-volatile part includes colloxylin, alkyd resin No. 188, plasticizers, pigments.

To improve filling, organosilicon liquids (such as PMS-200A, AF-2K, etc.) are introduced. The volatile portion of brush-applied enamels consists of 30% (mass) high-boiling active solvents, 25-30% butyl alcohol and 45-50% xylene. The volatile part of enamels applied with a spray gun contains 12.5-16% (wt.) high-boiling active solvents, 8-12% low-boiling active solvents, 35% ethyl, butyl or isobutyl alcohols and 40-41% toluene.

Pigments are introduced into nitrogen by dissolving SVP or in the form of pigment pastes obtained by dispersing in a bead or ball mill or on a paint grinder.

Before use, the enamels are diluted: NTs-132K with solvent 649 to a working viscosity of 30-60 s according to VZ-4, and NTs-132P with solvent 646 to a working viscosity of 18-20 s. Enamels are applied in two layers.

They form glossy, wear-resistant and weather-resistant coatings. Enamels are used for painting metal pre-primed with alkyd primers and wooden products that do not require decorative finishing.

Enamel NTs-256 - intended for painting metal-cutting machines. They are a suspension of SVP in a solution of colloxylin VNV, alkyd resin and plasticizers. The enamel is produced in 11 colors. Before use, dilute to a working viscosity of 22-25 s according to VZ-4 with solvent 646 or 647 in an amount of 90-110% by weight of the enamel.

The enamel is applied with a paint sprayer over a layer of primer GF-021 or GF-0163 or water-borne primer PF-OZZP in three layers. The first and second layers are dried for 10-15 minutes, the third layer for 2 hours.

The enamel forms a glossy coating with good physical and mechanical properties that can withstand the effects of alkaline coolants (triethylamine, alkaline emulsion, etc.) and gasoline.

Enamel NTs-262 is a suspension of carbon black in a solution of colloxylin, alkyd resin and plasticizers. Enamel is produced by dissolving SVP carbon black in a nitro base.

To a working viscosity of 25-30 s according to VZ-4, the enamel is diluted with solvent 646 and applied with a paint sprayer over an alkyd primer in three layers with intermediate drying for 10-20 minutes and final drying at 18-22 "C for 1 hour. The enamel after drying forms a glossy coating with a thickness of 45-60 microns.The coating can be sanded and polished with waterproof sandpapers and polishing pastes. Enamel is used for painting sewing machine heads.

Putty NTs-0043 is a pasty mass consisting of a mixture of pigments, fillers and thixotropic substances with nitrooxide. The approximate composition of the putty [in% (mass)] is as follows: zinc white 13.5-14, talc 27-28, chalk - 15-15.5, thixotropic additive - 1.5, nitro base - 41-43. The putty is produced by dispersing pigments and fillers in a heavy bead mill or in a ball mill. The main purpose is to level the cast iron surfaces of machine tools.

Puttying with metal or rubber spatulas is possible both continuous over the entire surface of the machine and local. The putty is applied in a layer up to 1 mm thick; after drying for 4 hours at 18-220C or for 1 hour at 60-700C, the putty layer is subjected to dry or wet grinding.

With the development of new technologies, modern machines and mechanisms become more complex and expensive, and they are not always created in production shops ideal conditions for their content. Manufactured primarily from metal, machines require reliable and high-quality surface protection from moisture and intense exposure chemicals, as well as mechanical damage. The German company Lankwitzer Lackfabrik has developed a group of special paint and varnish coatings for machine tools of various profiles and purposes.

Lankwitzer paints, primers and enamels prevent corrosion and protect the surface of equipment from harmful effects: chemical (ingress of oils, petroleum products, acids, alkalis) and mechanical (scratches, abrasion, cracks). In addition, the metal surface of machines is often uneven, with welds and other defects, so great attention is paid to how the Lankwitzer paint coating will look after application and throughout its life.

The 2-component epoxy primer with a high content of anti-corrosion additives - SG64 - has proven itself well. The thixotropic properties of the paint ensure low viscosity when sprayed and quick “setting” to the surface, without spreading, and high adhesion to metal and hiding power allow you to create a uniform hard coating. This primer effectively protects the working surfaces of machine tools from corrosion, as well as from chemical exposure and excessive humidity. Paired with SG64, you can use homogeneous or structural enamel based on acrylic and polyurethane from the PD series.

If, for example, single-layer acrylic-based paint PD 39 is suitable for protecting light equipment from chemicals and moisture, then heavy machine tool construction requires a more durable coating like two-component epoxy enamel SD 67 - hard when dry, chemically resistant to alkalis, acids, petroleum products and oils. Such enamels require preliminary priming of the metal surface. Some types of coatings can be applied in two layers to achieve maximum protective effect.

The Lankwitzer laboratory has developed structural paints that completely hide defects and unevenness of the metal surface. They are applied evenly and create a dense, consistent, good-looking coating. Structural coating PD 48 based on acrylic polyurethane can be called almost universal in use. This two-component paint can be applied to a prepared surface without prior priming, while providing complete protection of machine tools from corrosion, shock loads and chemicals. If enhanced anti-corrosion protection is required, PD48 can be used in combination with SG64 primer.