Pour water into a glass, be sure to the very edge. Cover with a sheet of thick paper and gently holding it, very quickly turn the glass upside down. Just in case, do all this over the basin or in the bath. Now remove your palm ... Focus! still stays in the glass!

It's a matter of pressure atmospheric air. Air pressure on paper outside more pressure on it from inside the glass and, accordingly, does not allow the paper to release water from the container.

The experience of Rene Descartes or the pipette diver

This entertaining experience is about three hundred years old. It is attributed to the French scientist René Descartes.

You will need plastic bottle with cork, pipette and water. Fill the bottle, leaving two to three millimeters to the edge of the neck. Take a pipette, draw some water into it and lower it into the neck of the bottle. It should be at or slightly above the level in the bottle with its upper rubber end. In this case, it is necessary to achieve that, from a slight push with a finger, the pipette sinks, and then slowly rises up by itself. Now close the cork and squeeze the sides of the bottle. The pipette will go to the bottom of the bottle. Release the pressure on the bottle and it will pop up again.

The fact is that we slightly compressed the air in the neck of the bottle and this pressure was transferred to the water. penetrated into the pipette - it became heavier (since water is heavier than air) and drowned. When the pressure stops compressed air removed the excess inside the pipette, our “diver” became lighter and surfaced. If at the beginning of the experiment the “diver” does not obey you, then you need to adjust the amount of water in the pipette. When the pipette is at the bottom of the bottle, it is easy to see how it enters the pipette with increased pressure on the walls of the bottle, and leaves it when the pressure is released.

In school physics lessons, teachers always say that physical phenomena everywhere in our life. We just often forget about it. Meanwhile, the amazing is near! Do not think that you will need something supernatural to organize physical experiments at home. And here's some evidence for you ;)

magnetic pencil

What needs to be prepared?

• battery.
• Thick pencil.
• Copper insulated wire with a diameter of 0.2-0.3 mm and a length of several meters (the more the better).
• Scotch.

Conducting experience

Wind the wire tightly turn to turn on the pencil, not reaching its edges by 1 cm. One row is over - wind the other from above into reverse side. And so on, until all the wire is finished. Do not forget to leave two ends of the wire 8–10 cm each free. To prevent the turns from unwinding after winding, secure them with tape. Strip the free ends of the wire and connect them to the battery contacts.

What happened?

Got a magnet! Try to bring small iron objects to it - a paper clip, a hairpin. Are attracted!

Lord of the Water

What needs to be prepared?

• A stick made of plexiglass (for example, a student's ruler or an ordinary plastic comb).
• A dry cloth made of silk or wool (for example, a wool sweater).

Conducting experience

Open the faucet so that a thin stream of water flows. Rub the stick or comb vigorously on the prepared cloth. Quickly bring the wand close to the stream of water without touching it.

What will happen?

A jet of water will be bent by an arc, being attracted to the stick. Try the same with two sticks and see what happens.

spinning top

What needs to be prepared?

• Paper, needle and eraser.
• A stick and a dry woolen cloth from a previous experience.

Conducting experience

You can manage not only water! Cut a strip of paper 1-2 cm wide and 10-15 cm long, bend along the edges and in the middle, as shown in the figure. Insert the needle with the pointed end into the eraser. Balance the workpiece-top on the needle. Prepare a "magic wand", rub it on a dry cloth and bring it to one of the ends of the paper strip from the side or top, without touching it.

What will happen?

The strip will swing up and down like a swing, or it will spin like a carousel. And if you can cut a butterfly out of thin paper, then the experience will be even more interesting.

Ice and fire

(the experiment is carried out on a sunny day)

What needs to be prepared?

• A small cup with a round bottom.
• A piece of dry paper.

Conducting experience

Pour into a cup of water and place in the freezer. When the water turns to ice, remove the cup and place it in a bowl of hot water. After a while, the ice will separate from the cup. Now go out to the balcony, put a piece of paper on the stone floor of the balcony. With a piece of ice, focus the sun on a piece of paper.

What will happen?

The paper should be charred, because in the hands it is no longer just ice ... Did you guess that you made a magnifying glass?

Wrong mirror

What needs to be prepared?

• Transparent jar with a tight-fitting lid.
• Mirror.

Conducting experience

Pour excess water into a jar and close the lid to prevent air bubbles from getting inside. Place the jar upside down on a mirror. Now you can look in the mirror.

Zoom in on your face and look inside. There will be a thumbnail. Now start tilting the jar to the side without lifting it from the mirror.

What will happen?

The reflection of your head in the jar, of course, will also tilt until it is turned upside down, while the legs will not be visible. Pick up the jar and the reflection will flip again.

Bubble Cocktail

What needs to be prepared?

• A glass of strong salt solution.
• Battery from a flashlight.
• two pieces copper wire about 10 cm long.
• Fine sandpaper.

Conducting experience

Clean the ends of the wire with fine sandpaper. Connect one end of the wires to each pole of the battery. Dip the free ends of the wires into a glass of solution.

What happened?

Bubbles will rise near the lowered ends of the wire.

Lemon battery

What needs to be prepared?

• Lemon, thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
• Two pieces of insulated copper wire approximately 0.2–0.5 mm thick and 10 cm long.
• Steel paper clip.
• Bulb from a flashlight.

Conducting experience

Strip the opposite ends of both wires at a distance of 2-3 cm. Insert a paper clip into the lemon, screw the end of one of the wires to it. Insert the end of the second wire into the lemon 1-1.5 cm from the paper clip. To do this, first pierce the lemon in this place with a needle. Take the two free ends of the wires and attach the bulbs to the contacts.

What will happen?

The lamp will light up!

Can be used in physics lessons at the stages of setting the goal and objectives of the lesson, creating problem situations in the study new topic, application of new knowledge during consolidation. The presentation "Entertaining experiments" can be used by students to prepare experiments at home, when conducting extracurricular activities in physics.

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Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution

"Gymnasium No. 7 named after the Hero of Russia S. V. Vasilev"

Scientific work

"Entertaining physical experiments

from improvised materials "

Completed: 7th grade student

Korzanov Andrey

Teacher: Balesnaya Elena Vladimirovna

Bryansk 2015

1. Introduction "Relevance of the topic" ……………………………3
2. Main part ………………………………………………...4

1. Organization research work………………...4
2. Experiments on the topic "Atmospheric pressure"……………….6
3. Experiments on the topic "Heat"……………………………………7
4. Experiments on the topic “Electricity and Magnetism”…………...7
5. Experiments on the topic “Light and Sound”………………………………...8

1. Conclusion ……………………………………………………...10
2. List of studied literature……………………………….12

1. INTRODUCTION

Physics is not only scientific books and complex laws, not only huge laboratories. Physics is also interesting experiments and fun experiences. Physics is tricks shown in a circle of friends, this funny stories and fun craft toys.

Most importantly, any available material can be used for physical experiments.

Physical experiments can be done with balls, glasses, syringes, pencils, straws, coins, needles, etc.

Experiments increase interest in the study of physics, develop thinking, teach how to apply theoretical knowledge to explain various physical phenomena occurring in the world around us.

When conducting experiments, it is necessary not only to draw up a plan for its implementation, but also to determine methods for obtaining certain data, to independently assemble installations and even design the necessary devices for reproducing this or that phenomenon.

But, unfortunately, due to congestion educational material In physics lessons, insufficient attention is paid to entertaining experiments, much attention is paid to theory and problem solving.

Therefore, it was decided to conduct research work on the topic "Entertaining experiments in physics from improvised materials."

The objectives of the research work are as follows:

1. Master the methods of physical research, master the skills of correct observation and the technique of physical experiment.
2. Organization independent work with various literature and other sources of information, collection, analysis and generalization of material on the topic of research work.
3. Teach students to apply scientific knowledge to explain physical phenomena.
4. To instill a love for physics in school students, focusing their attention on understanding the laws of nature, and not on their mechanical memorization.
5. Replenishment of the physics classroom with home-made devices made from improvised materials.

When choosing a research topic, we proceeded from the following principles:

1. Subjectivity – the chosen topic corresponds to our interests.
2. Objectivity - the topic we have chosen is relevant and important in scientific and practical terms.
3. feasibility - the tasks and goals set by us in the work are real and feasible.

1. MAIN PART.

The research work was carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Formulation of the problem.
2. Studying information from different sources on this issue.
3. The choice of research methods and practical mastery of them.
4. Collection of own material - acquisition of improvised materials, conducting experiments.
5. Analysis and generalization.
6. Formulation of conclusions.

During the research work, the followingphysical research methods:

I. Physical experience

The experiment consisted of the following stages:

1. Understanding the conditions of experience.

This stage involves getting acquainted with the conditions of the experiment, determining the list of necessary improvised instruments and materials, and safe conditions during the experiment.

1. Drawing up a sequence of actions.

At this stage, the order of the experiment was outlined, if necessary, new materials were added.

1. Conducting an experiment.

II. Observation

When observing phenomena occurring in experience, we turned Special attention to change physical characteristics(pressure, volume, area, temperature, direction of light propagation, etc.), while we were able to detect regular relationships between various physical quantities.

III. Modeling.

Modeling is the basis of any physical research. During our experiments, we simulatedisothermal compression of air, propagation of light in various media, reflection and absorption of electromagnetic waves, electrization of bodies during friction.

In total, we modeled, conducted and scientifically explained 24 entertaining physical experiments.

As a result of the research work, it is possible to makethe following conclusions:

1. AT various sources you can find information and come up with many entertaining physical experiments performed with the help of improvised equipment.
2. Entertaining experiments and home-made physical devices increase the range of demonstrations of physical phenomena.
3. Entertaining experiments allow you to test the laws of physics and theoretical hypotheses that are of fundamental importance for science.

TOPIC "ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE"

Experience number 1. "The balloon doesn't deflate"

Materials: Three-liter glass jar with a lid, a straw for a cocktail, a rubber ball, a thread, plasticine, a carnation.

Sequencing

Using a carnation, make 2 holes in the lid of the jar - one central, the other at a short distance from the central one. Pass a straw through the central hole and seal the hole with plasticine. Tie a rubber ball to the end of the straw with a thread, close the glass jar with a lid, while the end of the straw with the ball should be inside the jar. To eliminate the movement of air, close the place of contact between the lid and the jar with plasticine. Inflate a rubber balloon through a straw, the balloon will deflate. And now inflate the balloon and close the second hole in the lid with plasticine, the balloon is first blown away, and then it stops blowing off. Why?

scientific explanation

In the first case, when the hole is open, the pressure inside the can is equal to the air pressure inside the ball, therefore, under the action of the elastic force of the stretched rubber, the ball is blown away. In the second case, when the hole is closed, the air does not leave the can, as the balloon is blown off, the air volume increases, the air pressure decreases and becomes less than the air pressure inside the balloon, and the balloon stops blowing off.

The following experiments were carried out on this topic:

Experience number 2. "Pressure balance".

Experience number 3. "The Air Kicks"

Experience number 4. "glued glass"

Experience number 5. "Moving Banana"

THEME "WARMTH"

Experience number 1. "Soap bubble"

Materials: Small medicine bottle with stopper, clean stem from ballpoint pen or a straw from a cocktail, a glass of hot water, pipette, soapy water, plasticine.

Sequencing

Make a thin hole in the stopper of the medicine bottle and insert a clean ballpoint pen or straw into it. Cover the place where the rod entered the cork with plasticine. With a pipette, fill the rod with soapy water, lower the bottle into a glass of hot water. Soap bubbles will rise from the outer end of the rod. Why?

scientific explanation

When the bottle is heated in a glass of hot water, the air inside the bottle heats up, its volume increases, and soap bubbles are inflated.

On the topic "Heat" the following experiments were carried out:

Experience number 2. "Fireproof Scarf"

Experience number 3. "Ice Doesn't Melt"

TOPIC "ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM"

Experience number 1. "Current Meter - Multimeter"

Materials: 10 meters isolated copper wire 24 caliber (diameter 0.5mm, section 0.2mm 2 ), wire stripper, wide duct tape, sewing needle, thread, strong bar magnet, juice can, electrochemical cell "D".

Sequencing

Strip the wire from both ends of the insulation. Wind the wire around the can in tight turns, leaving the ends of the wire 30 cm free. Remove the resulting coil from the can. To prevent the coil from falling apart, wrap it with adhesive tape in several places. Attach the coil vertically to the table with a large piece of tape. Magnetize a sewing needle by running it over the magnet at least, four times in the same direction. Tie the needle with thread in the middle so that the needle hangs in balance. Stick the free end of the thread inside the spool. The magnetized needle should hang quietly inside the coil. Connect the free ends of the wire to the positive and negative terminals of the galvanic cell. What happened? Now reverse the polarity. What happened?

scientific explanation

A magnetic field arises around a coil with current, and a magnetic field also arises around a magnetized needle. The magnetic field of a coil with current acts on a magnetized needle and turns it. If you change the polarity, then the direction of the current is reversed, the needle turns in the opposite direction.

In addition, the following experiments were carried out on this topic:

Experience number 2. "Static glue".

Experience number 3. "Fruit Battery"

Experience number 4. "Anti-Gravity Disks"

THEME "LIGHT AND SOUND"

Experience number 1. "Soap Spectrum"

Materials: Soap solution, cleaning brush smoking pipe(or a piece of thick wire), a deep plate, a flashlight, sticky tape, a sheet of white paper.

Sequencing

Bend the pipe brush (or a piece of thick wire) so that it forms a loop. Don't forget to make a small handle to make it easier to hold. Pour the soap solution into a bowl. Immerse the loop in the soap solution and let it soak thoroughly with the soap solution. After a few minutes, carefully remove it. What do you see? Are colors visible? Attach a sheet of white paper to the wall with sticky tape. Turn off the lights in the room. Turn on the flashlight and direct its beam at the loop of soapy suds. Position the lantern so that the loop casts a shadow on the paper. Describe the full shadow.

scientific explanation

White light is a complex light, it consists of 7 colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. This phenomenon is called light interference. When passing through a soap film, white light breaks up into individual colors, different light waves on the screen form a rainbow pattern, which is called a continuous spectrum.

On the topic "Light and sound" the following experiments were carried out and described:

Experience number 2. "On the edge of the abyss".

Experience number 3. "Joke's sake"

Experience number 4. "Remote control"

Experience number 5. "Copier"

Experience number 6. "Appearing out of nowhere"

Experience number 7. "Colored top"

Experience number 8. "Jumping Grains"

Experience number 9. "Sound Sound"

Experience number 10. "Blowing out the sound"

Experience number 11. "Intercom"

Experience number 12. "Crowing glass"

1. CONCLUSION

Analyzing the results entertaining experiences, we were convinced that school knowledge is quite applicable to solving practical issues.

With the help of experiments, observations and measurements, the relationships between various physical quantities were investigated

Volume and pressure of gases

Pressure and temperature of gases

The number of turns and the magnitude magnetic field around the current coil

gravity and atmospheric pressure

The direction of light propagation and the properties of a transparent medium.

All phenomena observed during entertaining experiments have scientific explanation, for this we used the fundamental laws of physics and the properties of the matter around us - Newton's II law, the law of conservation of energy, the law of straightness of light propagation, reflection, refraction, dispersion and interference of light, reflection and absorption of electromagnetic waves.

In accordance with the task set, all experiments were carried out using only cheap, small-sized improvised materials; during their implementation, 8 home-made devices were made, including a magnetic needle, copier, fruit battery, current meter - multimeter, intercom, experiments are safe, visual, simple in design.

LIST OF LITERATURE STUDIES

* - Mandatory fields.

From the book "My first experiences."

lung volume

For experience you need:

adult assistant;
large plastic bottle;
basin for washing;
water;
plastic hose;
beaker.

1. How much air can your lungs hold? You'll need adult help to figure this out. Fill the bowl and bottle with water. Have an adult hold the bottle upside down underwater.

2. Insert the plastic hose into the bottle.

3. Inhale deeply and blow into the hose as hard as you can. Air bubbles will appear in the bottle. Clamp the hose as soon as the air in the lungs runs out.

4. Pull out the hose and ask your assistant to close the neck of the bottle with the palm of your hand and turn it over to the correct position. In order to find out how much gas you exhaled, add water to the bottle with a measuring cup. See how much water you need to add.

make it rain

For experience you need:

adult assistant;
fridge;
Electric kettle;
water;
metal spoon;
saucer;
potholder for hot.

1. Put a metal spoon in the refrigerator for half an hour.

2. Ask an adult to help you complete the experiment from start to finish.

3. Boil full kettle water. Place a saucer under the spout of the teapot.

4. Using an oven mitt, carefully bring the spoon to the steam rising from the kettle spout. Getting on a cold spoon, the steam condenses and spills "rain" on the saucer.

Make a hygrometer

For experience you need:

2 identical thermometers;
cotton wool;
rubber bands;
an empty yogurt cup;
water;
big cardboard box without cover;
spoke.

1. Poke two holes in the wall of the box with a knitting needle at a distance of 10 cm from each other.

2. Wrap two thermometers with the same amount of cotton and secure with rubber bands.

3. Tie a rubber band around the top of each thermometer and thread the rubber bands through the holes at the top of the box. Insert a knitting needle through the rubber eyelets, as shown in the figure, so that the thermometers hang freely.

4. Place a glass of water under one thermometer so that the water wets the cotton wool (but not the thermometer).

5. Compare thermometer readings in different time days. The greater the temperature difference, the lower the humidity.

call the cloud

For experience you need:

transparent glass bottle;
hot water;
ice Cube;
dark blue or black paper.

1. Carefully fill the bottle with hot water.

2. After 3 minutes, pour out the water, leaving a little at the very bottom.

3. Place an ice cube on top of the open bottle neck.

4. Place a sheet of dark paper behind the bottle. Where the hot air rising from the bottom meets the cool air at the neck, a white cloud forms. The water vapor contained in the air condenses, forming a cloud of tiny water droplets.

Under pressure

For experience you need:

transparent plastic bottle;
large bowl or deep tray;
water;
coins;
a strip of paper;
pencil;
ruler;
adhesive tape.

1. Fill the bowl and bottle halfway with water.

2. Draw a scale on a strip of paper and stick it to the bottle with duct tape.

3. Put two or three small stacks of coins on the bottom of the bowl so that you can set the neck of the bottle on them. Thanks to this, the neck of the bottle will not rest against the bottom, and water will be able to freely flow out of the bottle and flow into it.

4. Plug the neck of the bottle with your thumb and carefully place the bottle upside down on the coins.

Your water barometer will allow you to observe changes in atmospheric pressure. As the pressure rises, the water level in the bottle will rise. When the pressure drops, the water level will drop.

Make an air barometer

For experience you need:

jar with a wide mouth;
balloon;
scissors;
rubber band;
drinking straw;
cardboard;
a pen;
ruler;
adhesive tape.

1. Cut the balloon open and pull it tight over the jar. Secure with a rubber band.

2. Sharpen the end of the straw. Glue the other end to the stretched ball with adhesive tape.

3. Draw a scale on a cardboard card and place the cardboard at the end of the arrow. When atmospheric pressure rises, the air in the can is compressed. As it falls, the air expands. Accordingly, the arrow will move along the scale.

If the pressure rises, the weather will be fine. If it falls, it's bad.

What gases does air consist of?

For experience you need:

adult assistant;
glass jar;
candle;
water;
coins;
large glass bowl.

1. Have an adult light a candle and put paraffin wax on the bottom of the bowl to secure the candle.

2. Carefully fill the bowl with water.

3. Cover the candle with a jar. Place stacks of coins under the jar so that its edges are only slightly below the water level.

4. When all the oxygen in the jar has burned out, the candle will go out. The water will rise, taking up the volume where oxygen used to be. So you can see that there is about 1/5 (20%) oxygen in the air.

Make a battery

For experience you need:

durable paper towel;
food foil;
scissors;
copper coins;
salt;
water;
two insulated copper wires;
small light bulb.

1. Dissolve some salt in water.

2. Cut paper towel and foil into squares slightly larger than coins.

3. Wet paper squares in salt water.

4. Place a stack on top of each other: a copper coin, a piece of foil, a piece of paper, another coin, and so on several times. There should be paper on top of the stack, and a coin at the bottom.

5. Put the stripped end of one wire under the pile, attach the other end to the light bulb. Put one end of the second wire on top of the stack, and connect the other to the light bulb as well. What happened?

"solar" fan

For experience you need:

food foil;
black paint or marker;
scissors;
adhesive tape;
threads;
large clean glass jar with a lid.

1. Cut out two strips of foil about 2.5x10 cm each. Color one side with black marker or paint. Make slits in the strips and insert them one into the other, bending the ends, as shown in the figure.

2. Using thread and adhesive tape, attach solar panels to the lid of the jar. Put the jar in a sunny place. The black side of the strips heats up more than the shiny side. Due to the temperature difference, there will be a difference in air pressure, and the fan will start to rotate.

What color is the sky?

For experience you need:

glass cup;
water;
tea spoon;
flour;
white paper or cardboard;
torch.

1. Stir half a teaspoon of flour in a glass of water.

2. Put the glass on white paper and shine a flashlight on it from above. The water appears light blue or grey.

3. Now put the paper behind the glass and shine on it from the side. The water appears pale orange or yellowish.

The smallest particles in the air, like flour in water, change the color of light rays. When the light falls from the side (or when the sun is low on the horizon), the blue color is scattered, and the eyes see an excess of orange rays.

Make a mini microscope

For experience you need:

small mirror;
plasticine;
glass cup;
aluminium foil;
needle;
adhesive tape;
a drop of ox;
small flower

1. A microscope uses a glass lens to refract a beam of light. This role can be played by a drop of water. Set the mirror at an angle on a piece of plasticine and cover with a glass.

2. Fold the aluminum foil like an accordion to create a layered strip. Poke a small hole in the center with a needle.

3. Bend the foil over the glass as shown. Secure the edges with adhesive tape. With the tip of your finger or needle, drop water onto the hole.

4. Put down small flower or another small object on the bottom of the glass under the water lens. A homemade microscope can magnify it almost 50 times.

call the lightning

For experience you need:

metal baking sheet;
plasticine;
plastic bag;
metal fork.

1. Press a large piece of plasticine against the baking sheet so that you get a handle. Now don't touch the pan itself - just the handle.

2. Holding the baking sheet by the plasticine handle, three of it in a circular motion on the package. In this case, a static electric charge accumulates on the baking sheet. The baking sheet should not extend beyond the edges of the package.

3. Raise the baking sheet slightly above the bag (still holding the plasticine handle) and bring the prongs of the fork to one corner. A spark will jump from the pan to the fork. This is how lightning jumps from a cloud to a lightning rod.

Winter will begin soon, and with it the long-awaited time. In the meantime, we suggest that you take your child to no less exciting experiences at home, because you want miracles not only for New Year but also every day.

This article will focus on experiments that clearly demonstrate to children such physical phenomena as: atmospheric pressure, the properties of gases, the movement of air currents and from various items.

These will cause surprise and delight in the baby, and even a four-year-old can repeat them under your supervision.

How to fill a bottle with water without hands?

We will need:

• a bowl of cold and tinted water for clarity;
• hot water;
• Glass bottle.

Pour into the bottle several times hot water to warm it up well. We turn the empty hot bottle upside down and lower it into a bowl with cold water. We observe how water from the bowl is drawn into the bottle and, contrary to the law of communicating vessels, the water level in the bottle is much higher than in the bowl.

Why is this happening? Initially, a well-heated bottle is filled with warm air. As the gas cools, it contracts to fill a smaller and smaller volume. Thus, a low-pressure medium is formed in the bottle, where water is sent to restore balance, because atmospheric pressure presses on the water from the outside. Colored water will flow into the bottle until the pressure inside and outside the glass vessel equalizes.

Dancing coin

For this experience we will need:

• a glass bottle with a narrow neck that can be completely blocked by a coin;
• coin;
• water;
• freezer.

empty open glass bottle leave in freezer(or outdoors in winter) for 1 hour. We take out the bottle, moisten the coin with water and put it on the neck of the bottle. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to bounce on the neck and make characteristic clicks.

This behavior of the coin is explained by the ability of gases to expand when heated. Air is a mixture of gases, and when we took the bottle out of the refrigerator it was filled with cold air. At room temperature, the gas inside began to heat up and increase in volume, while the coin blocked its exit. Here warm air and began to push out a coin, and at one time it began to bounce on the bottle and click.

It is important that the coin is wet and fits snugly to the neck, otherwise the focus will not work and warm air will freely leave the bottle without tossing a coin.

Glass - non-spill

Invite the child to turn the glass filled with water so that the water does not spill out of it. Surely the baby will refuse such a scam or at the first attempt will pour water into the basin. Teach him the next trick. We will need:

• a glass of water;
• a piece of cardboard;
• basin / sink for safety net.

We cover the glass with water with cardboard, and holding the latter with our hand, we turn the glass over, after which we remove the hand. This experiment is best done over the basin / sink, because. if the glass is kept upside down for a long time, the cardboard will eventually get wet and water will spill. Paper instead of cardboard is better not to use for the same reason.

Discuss with your child: why does the cardboard prevent water from flowing out of the glass, because it is not glued to the glass, and why does the cardboard not immediately fall under the influence of gravity?

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

At the moment of getting wet, the cardboard molecules interact with water molecules, being attracted to each other. From this point on, water and cardboard interact as one. In addition, wet cardboard prevents air from entering the glass, which prevents the pressure inside the glass from changing.

At the same time, not only water from the glass presses on the cardboard, but also the air from the outside, which forms the force of atmospheric pressure. It is atmospheric pressure that presses the cardboard to the glass, forming a kind of lid, and prevents the water from pouring out.

Experience with a hair dryer and a strip of paper

We continue to surprise the child. We build a structure from books and attach a strip of paper to them from above (we did this with adhesive tape). The paper hangs from the books as shown in the photo. You choose the width and length of the strip, focusing on the power of the hair dryer (we took 4 by 25 cm).

Now turn on the hair dryer and direct the air stream parallel to the lying paper. Despite the fact that the air does not blow on the paper, but next to it, the strip rises from the table and develops as if in the wind.

Why does this happen and what makes the strip move? Initially, gravity acts on the strip and atmospheric pressure presses. The hair dryer creates a strong airflow along the paper. In this place, a zone of low pressure is formed in the direction of which the paper deviates.

Shall we blow out the candle?

We begin to teach the baby to blow even before a year old, preparing him for his first birthday. When the child has grown up and fully mastered this skill, offer him through the funnel. In the first case, positioning the funnel in such a way that its center corresponds to the level of the flame. And the second time, so that the flame is along the edge of the funnel.

Surely the child will be surprised that all his efforts in the first case will not give the proper result in the form of an extinguished candle. Moreover, in the second case, the effect will be instantaneous.

Why? When air enters the funnel, it is evenly distributed along its walls, so the maximum flow velocity is observed at the edge of the funnel. And in the center, the air speed is small, which does not allow the candle to go out.

Shadow from the candle and from the fire

We will need:

• candle;
• torch.

We light the battle and place it against a wall or other screen and illuminate it with a flashlight. A shadow from the candle itself will appear on the wall, but there will be no shadow from the fire. Ask the child why this happened?

The thing is that the fire itself is a source of light and transmits other light rays through itself. And since the shadow appears when the side illumination of an object that does not transmit rays of light, the fire cannot give a shadow. But not everything is so simple. Depending on the combustible substance, the fire can be filled with various impurities, soot, etc. In this case, you can see a blurry shadow, which is exactly what these inclusions give.

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