Among the most common options for registering such a business is opening individual entrepreneurship or limited liability companies.

But a company registered as an LLC will look much more respectable in the eyes of the client, and in the event of financial problems, LLC participants are liable only within the limits of their authorized capital.

Should I open my own company?

It is worth noting that a brokerage company is not a cheap and not the easiest business, so there are at least three ways to start such a business. In addition to the fact that you can open your own brokerage firm, there are also options for organizing a branch of a large brokerage company in your city (this can be either a foreign or a well-known domestic company), as well as becoming an agent (sub-broker) of another large organization.

“More expensive” than anything else. But if you open a branch of another company, then almost all financial concerns fall on the parent company (office equipment, advertising, etc.), so you will have to prove the feasibility and payback of such a company under your leadership.

In this case, you will not become the owner of the business, but rather its partner, and the parent company will have every opportunity to control your activities.

More attractive option– enter into an agency agreement with a large company. You will split the costs of opening a branch in half, you will receive the brand of a well-known broker and his analytical resource, and the company will receive a stable percentage of your income.

However, now we will talk about what needs to be done and how much to spend to build a brokerage business from scratch.

Licensing of a brokerage company and authorized capital

In order to provide brokerage services, a company needs a special license. To obtain a license for brokerage or dealer activities, a company must have its own funds in the amount of 10 million rubles.

If you also plan to carry out trust management of your clients’ capital, this amount increases to 35 million. And finally, depository activities require the company to have an authorized capital of 60 million rubles.

The licensing process itself brokerage company is not particularly complicated, you need to fill out a form and submit an application to the Federal Service for Financial Markets of the Central Bank of Russia. Registration of the license will take approximately two months.

Office

It goes without saying that a reputable company to which people entrust their money should have an appropriate office. The most valuable investment is computers and software for smooth trading.

In addition, you will need a large TV to keep up with official news, a printer, good internet and telephone communications, scanners and other office equipment.

It is necessary to equip 8-10 workplaces. Three of them will initially belong to employees, the rest will be for clients. Square office space– from 50 square meters.

Personnel and monthly expenses

For the first time, three or four employees are enough. Consider that take a post general director Can only be done by a person with at least one year of relevant work experience and a qualification series 1.0 certificate. Sometimes, in order to obtain special licenses, it is necessary to have several employees with such a certificate on staff.

One more point: brokerages rarely hire accountants or system administrators. Most often, accounting and computer services are outsourced in order to save money.

The company's monthly expenses will be approximately 200-250 thousand rubles.

Profit

The most advantageous is direct sales and a course to work with wealthy clients, but the company receives interest from transactions, and therefore it makes sense to start by attracting a large number of small buyers. Another source of profit is training clients through seminars and special programs.

Regarding income from the company, then with active work and the presence of a large number of clients, it can pay for itself in 3-5 months and generate a profit of about 300-400 thousand rubles per month.

Despite all the difficulties in opening such a business, brokerage is a business that is gradually expanding, and in our country is not yet very widespread, because there is real opportunity gain a competitive advantage.

Attention! The free business plan offered for download below is a sample. Business plan, in the best possible way appropriate to the conditions of your business, you need to create it with the help of specialists.

The story is told by a professional broker, and now a successful private entrepreneur from St. Petersburg, Dmitry Vidonov, owner of a brokerage company. Dmitry worked as a broker for a long time, and then expanded his business. He rented an office in an office center and hired three brokers and one financier. Dmitry himself is involved in attracting clients and developing the company's strategy. In just the first year of operation, his brokerage company was able to bring 70% of the profits to its clients, and tripled the initial number of clients.

Brokerage firms are...

Introduction. How I decided to make money on a large scale

Making money out of thin air is a real art. And this is the job of a good stock broker. I started working as a broker right after I graduated from college.

I can’t say that the work went well right away. I had enough failures, and often I burned out completely, but gradually success came.

By the age of 35, I am quite successful and earn decent money without leaving home. But, as you know, there is never too much money. I hit the ceiling and could no longer earn more; I simply did not have enough free funds of my own.

And then I decided to open my own brokerage office. Over the years of successful work, I have collected a sufficient amount to pay for the office, purchase necessary equipment and connect to high-speed and stable Internet.

I must say that I was lucky, as I quickly found like-minded people, professional brokers who were also eager to earn money more money, and help your clients earn money.

Since problems with work experience and initial capital there was no, we could begin to implement our idea, but we did not have a sensible action plan, and without it it would be very risky to take active action.

How I found the perfect business plan

I knew exactly all the intricacies of a broker’s work, but I had no experience in opening my own company.

In particular, I did not know the answers to the following questions:

• How much money will you need to rent an office and purchase equipment?;
• How many people will need to be hired for the normal functioning of the office?;
• How to attract new clients?;
• How not to break the law when doing business?

All these questions should have been answered by a business plan, which I did not have. I don’t suffer from gullibility, and I understand that without a high-quality business plan there is no point in starting your own business. It’s better to buy champagne with start-up capital than to start your own business without a proper business plan.

The services of a competent financier are expensive, and I’m not used to throwing money away. Fortunately, one of the partners suggested me a wonderful website where I can download a business plan.

It is not expensive, and at the same time it is not the garbage that litters the entire Internet. This is a perfectly usable business plan.

The only thing is that it needs to be slightly modified and adjusted to suit your conditions. This is what we did with our companions in a couple of evenings. Thus, we received an ideal business plan for ridiculous money, and were able to start our own project.

International brokerage company

Some useful information and a brief presentation of the brokerage company’s business plan:

Structure of a brokerage company in a business plan

A brokerage company is an institution engaged in brokerage services in the financial market.

Brokerage activity involves performing transactions with securities in favor of a client under a commission agreement or agency agreement. Brokerage activities can only be carried out if you have a license.

Therefore, those who want to open a brokerage company, first of all, must take care of obtaining a license for brokerage activities, enter into an agreement on conducting agency activities with the management company and obtain a power of attorney from it.

In addition, when starting a “brokerage business”, you must register as an agent in the register of mutual funds.

Financial side

For all the activities that are necessary to start a brokerage company, you will need at least 5,000,000 rubles - the presence of such capital is the main condition for obtaining a broker's license.

Opening the agency itself will cost another 3,000,000 rubles.

To organize a brokerage company, you will need a small office for 2-3 employees, a telephone line and Internet access.

Where the office will be located, in principle, is not so important, the main thing is that the premises are not rented, but purchased, because according to the Law, the agency bureau has no right to move.

The office area must be at least 100 sq.m. A one-time purchase of such premises will cost 1,500,000 rubles.

In addition to purchasing a license and purchasing an office, funds will be spent on:

• purchase of equipment;
• website creation, hosting, purchasing the necessary scripts;
• constant advertising campaign;
• staff salaries;
• taxes.

Equipment

The list of equipment for a brokerage company is very short. To carry out brokerage activities, you only need a telephone and a computer. Of course, office equipment must be of high quality and highly efficient.

Occupation

To be competitive, the development plans of a young brokerage company must take into account the provision of the following services:

• financial and management consulting;
• marketing;
• audit;
• PR and advertising;
• grade;
• personnel (development, selection);
• information Technology;
• legal services;
• educational activities.

Table No. 1. Potential of consumers of brokerage companies' services in Russia

Interaction with clients can be carried out in several ways:

• performing work and projects for the client;
• conducting trainings and seminars;
• development of methods and products.

The head of a brokerage house must initially decide on the development option for his company:

• provide advice to customers without collaborating directly with banks;
• enter into a cooperation agreement with a reliable bank and provide services under its brand.

The second option is preferable because in this case the owner of the brokerage company will receive greater profits due to the reputation of the bank. In addition, the range of services for the customer is expanding - so the customer can additionally issue tickets, receive or transfer money, etc.

Instructions

Perhaps, for Russia, investment companies are a fairly young type of activity. However, in other countries, the USA, Japan, and European countries, investment markets are quite developed, which allows the domestic investment business to develop successfully. Typically in Russia, investment companies are opened as joint-stock companies open type, which makes the issue (turnover) of securities more free and leads to more successful activities.

In order to open an investment company choose the organizational and legal form of the future company, hold a general meeting of shareholders, draw up minutes of the meeting, develop a package of constituent documents.

Submit a copy of the meeting's decision, certified by a notary, to the local tax authority along with an application for registration of a legal entity - an investment company. Based on the registration documents received, register the enterprise with all extra-budgetary funds.
Open a bank account.

Prepare and submit the necessary documents to the licensing department of the Federal Financial Markets Service to obtain a license for your type of activity. In case of a positive decision, the license is issued without limitation of validity period (Order of the Federal Service for Financial Markets dated July 20, 2010 No. 10-49/pz-n “On approval of the regulations on licensing requirements and conditions for the implementation of professional activity on the securities market").

In accordance with Federal Law No. 39-FZ “On the Securities Market”, you can obtain a license for dealer, brokerage, depository activities or securities management activities. Receive notification of a decision to issue licenses to your investment company; receive an extract from the license register, which indicates the license form numbers and the investment company license forms themselves.
Select competent personnel and form the staff of the investment company.

Sources:

• how to create an investment company

Private investment is the lifeblood of the global economy. Starting your own private equity firm will be a daunting task, but with dedication, knowledge, and a little luck, you and your clients can enter into a very rewarding partnership.

You will need

• - Investment strategy;
• - investors;
• - good marketing.

Instructions

Determine what kind of investments you are going to accept, in what market area the company will be involved. Private investment firms work in activities such as bonds and stocks. Many of them accept commodity futures, build currency and various options strategies.

Create your company. This is quite simple if you are the owner or operator. It is important to decide in which areas your clients will invest and capital according to the chosen areas. If you are planning to embark on larger operations and also employ several employees, consider organizing your firm on a departmental basis. Open departments that will deal with bonds, commodities, currencies, as well as departments for administrative issues and investor affairs, each of which should be headed by a senior employee.

Consider the appropriate type of legal entity. Most investment firms are organized as mini or limited liability companies. Consult with your personal accountant regarding the most appropriate tax status. For example, if you choose the LLC form, you will be subject to the appropriate tax.

Complete registration with the statutory authorities. Most investment funds are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, but if your firm specializes in any unique transactions or products, you may also need to register with the National Futures Association and the Commodity Futures Commission.

Attract investors. Both institutions and individuals are capable of becoming. Comply with regulatory requirements for maintaining private data, analyze the benefits and risks of your investment company.

Video on the topic

Sources:

• Mutual investment fund.

Opening a brokerage company is certainly a good and profitable business, according to market participants. However, this entire business remains relevant only in one specific direction - work in the stock and securities market.

You will need

• - Rented premises;
• - broker;
• - personal bank account;
• - notarized documents.

Instructions

Select the type of brokerage company. Today it is better to open a sub-broker rather than an online broker. The first type is an organization that cooperates with other, long-known economic structures. This helps to minimize the risk and costs of implementing business ideas and increasing business.

Register company as a legal entity. Next, visit the relevant authorities and obtain a license giving the right to provide brokerage services.

Hire the necessary staff. It is better if you know professional people working in the field of stock sales. You won’t need many jobs at the beginning; a few people who know their job will be enough.

Select the rented premises according to your staff, preferably with a slight division into two zones: an office for company employees and a reception area for communicating with clients. The most important tools necessary for normal operation are a telephone and a computer with wireless Internet. high speed. Be sure to install all this in your office.

Video on the topic

Please note

Sources:

• Opening a brokerage company

Private investment is the lifeblood of the global economy. Getting started in private equity management will be a daunting task, but with dedication, knowledge and some luck, you and your clients will be happy with the partnership.

You will need

• - Investment strategy;
• - good marketing;
• - investors.

Instructions

Determine what investments you will accept and what market niche your company will be involved in. The most typical activities of private equity firms involve trading in stocks and bonds, but many also engage in commodity futures, foreign exchange and various options strategies.

Organize your company. If you are an owner or operator, this is relatively simple. You must decide which areas are best to invest in and allocate capital according to the chosen areas. If you are going to start with a larger operation and also hire several employees, consider organizing the company along departmental lines. Open departments for goods, goods, currency, as well as a department for investor affairs and other administrative matters, each of which should be managed by a senior employee.

Select the type of legal entity. Most investment companies are organized as mini-limited liability companies. Also talk to your accountant about what tax status is right for you. For example, if you have an LLC form, then you may either be subject to only the applicable tax.

Register with the relevant regulatory authorities. Most private investment companies must register with the Securities and Exchange Commission, but if your company specializes in unique financial products and transactions, you may also need to register with the Commodity Futures Commission and the National Securities Futures Association.

Attract investors. They can be both individuals and institutions. Ensure compliance regulatory requirements to maintaining private information, analyze the risks and rewards of your investment strategy.

Sources:

• Mutual investment fund.
• how to create an investment fund

Opening an account in a US bank is a matter of reliability and prestige. If you have chosen a particular American bank, then you need to be aware of some of the difficulties that may accompany this procedure.

You will need

• - Passport.

Instructions

Please note that almost all American banks that operate in Russia are the same Russian banks operating under American names. Their activities are also controlled by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. That is why, first find out in bank the type where it has its main compartment. And contact directly the bank whose branch will be located in USA.

Consult with a bank specialist what documents are required to open accounts. He will also be able to tell you which account is best for you.

Use the services of a specialized company. This is necessary if you cannot contact a US bank directly (for example, you are in at the moment in Russia and are not going to go to America in the near future), but at the same time you want to open an account with bank, which belongs USA.

Compare the offers offered by American banks upon opening accounts. This way you can choose a bank that is more suitable for you based on the cost of service, cumulative interest and ease of discovery itself accounts.

Please note that in every American bank creation procedure accounts for non-residents it may have some nuances. For example, you may be required to provide a passport or other documents.

Draw up an opening agreement accounts. Moreover, if the opening accounts V bank USA must be done through a specialized company, you need to have samples of your signature certified by the American consulate or its Russian subsidiary bank. You will also need to provide copies of all pages of your passport with translation.

Notify us about opening accounts to the tax authorities at your place of residence. There is no point in delaying this; try to do it within a month (this requirement is established by law).

Working in the securities market can bring stable, high earnings. In addition, investing in shares of enterprises is very good option investing. But to trade securities independently, a novice investor must know and be able to do a lot. In particular, understand where it is better to open a brokerage account.

Currently, brokerage services are offered by many companies. Therefore, the investor’s task is to choose the most convenient and reliable option. You should work with companies that have proven their reliability and responsibility to their clients.

One of such companies is Sberbank of Russia. For some time now, he has been providing his clients with access to trading shares on the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange, which deals with securities of Russian companies.

How to open a brokerage account with Sberbank

To open an account, just contact the nearest Sberbank branch and find out where you can sign an agreement for brokerage services. It will be concluded with you immediately or they will tell you the address of the Sberbank institution you need. As a rule, an agreement can be concluded at the central branch of Sberbank in the regional center.

You need to have a passport, TIN, which you have bank card Sberbank or savings book. You will also need approximately 2,000 rubles to pay for a flash drive with software. For trading you will be provided with a very convenient program - the QUIK trading terminal. You will be able to work directly from your computer, you will have access to information on all trading instruments, including shares of blue chips - leading Russian companies.

Applications for the purchase and sale of shares can also be submitted by telephone, but the work is much more convenient. It is very important that when working with the trading terminal you will have the opportunity to analyze the dynamics of the exchange rate using a variety of tools technical analysis. The Sberbank website contains training materials that will help you get started in the securities market.

Opening an account with other brokerage companies

The main condition for opening an account with other brokers is the same - their reliability. You can work with large banks or specialized brokerage companies. Before making a choice, be sure to search online for reviews about the work of the institution you are interested in. In particular, how easy it is for clients to withdraw their funds. With a reliable company, the payment goes through within a few days at most, and there are no problems with withdrawal of funds.

To start trading shares, you need to deposit a certain amount into the account you have opened. For comfortable trading you need to have at least 20,000 rubles. Some companies set a minimum deposit amount, others do not. In any case, it is not recommended to start trading without having at least 10,000 rubles in your account. Before you start real work, you should practice for some time on a free demo account, this will allow you to learn the basic trading techniques.

Investment companies are companies that are engaged in investment activities, that is, raising free funds in the capital market. The capital of such companies is usually represented by securities.

Concept of an investment company

Investment companies are a relatively new type of financial institution for Russia. And this is not surprising, since investment companies can function normally only in a market economy.

Unlike investment funds, companies deal only with securities. They are engaged in accumulating funds and their subsequent profitable investment. Investment companies typically issue their own shares. The funds received from their sale are invested in shares of enterprises. Accordingly, the income of shareholders of investment companies directly depends on how wisely the funds are invested. A very popular way of investing in Russia is investing in construction companies.

Investment funds can also be invested in shares and bonds of a wide variety of economic enterprises. Investors' financial risks are significantly reduced because when the value of some securities falls, the price of others rises. An important advantage for the investor is receiving the services of a financial manager, whose role is played by. It turns out that the investor only risks if he chooses the wrong investment company.

Signs of a reliable investment company

When choosing an investment company, you should be guided by certain criteria that will allow you not to make a mistake. A reliable investment company must have a license to carry out dealership and securities management activities. Such a license can only be issued by the Federal Service for Financial Markets. A distinctive criterion of a reliable investment company can be considered its long duration of operation - at least since 2008.

Having substantial funds is an important sign of a good investment company. In addition, investment companies should not promise returns that are several times higher than average. Information about a company's investments should not be hidden from investors. An important advantage of any investment company is investing money in a group of its own companies. In this case, you won’t have to constantly monitor price dynamics, look for any pitfalls and be afraid of political risks.

So, have you decided to open your own cleaning company? Many today already provide cleaning services and want to achieve new success in their small business. Don't limit yourself to your own desires.

You will need

• - Premises;
• - detergents and equipment;
• - licenses;
• - employees.

The Russian lending market is constantly growing. Banks compete with each other, introducing new loan products every year. With the expansion of the range of loans offered, the demand for the services of intermediaries between borrowers and the bank - credit brokers - increases. For this reason, brokerage would be a very profitable venture. Unlike private specialists working as independent intermediaries, full-fledged agencies inspire greater confidence among the consumer of services. Therefore, it makes sense to develop a business plan for a brokerage agency, which will include all financial calculations and marketing analysis.

Project Features

The project to create a brokerage agency provides for the creation of an enterprise and its development for a period of 2 years. The nature of the activity is formulated as a company providing professional brokerage services in the financial market.

The goals of the project can be defined as:

• — meeting the demand of the relevant segment of the consumer market;
• — creation of an enterprise with a high level of profitability;
• — obtaining high and stable profits.

The main financial details for the creation and development of the project are as follows:

• — financing will be carried out by obtaining a commercial loan. The approximate loan size is 9 million 700 thousand rubles. Additionally, it is assumed that the founder has his own funds of about 5 million;
• — the cost of the project is 9 million 700 thousand rubles;
• — project duration – from the start of the enterprise to reaching a profitable level – 2 years;
• — interest rate on the loan – 17.5% with the prospect of decreasing in the future;
• — loan payments will begin from the first month of the company’s operation;
• — the investor’s income for the entire lending period, amounting to the total amount of interest paid – 660,900 rubles;
• — payback period from the moment the business starts – up to 16 months. Taking into account discounting – 24 months;
• — the total economic effect for the indicated period will be equal to 13 million 85 thousand rubles.

When calculating these data, all possible risks must be taken into account. More detailed data regarding the financial component of the enterprise is in the financial part of the plan.

How a broker works - in the video:

Brokerage agency as a type of business

Brokerage activities consist primarily of conducting transactions with securities on the basis of a mandate agreement or a commission agreement. This activity is carried out in the interests of the client on the terms previously agreed upon in the contract.

Each market participant must have a special license to conduct brokerage activities. To obtain it, contact the Federal Service for Financial Markets. Even small company, engaged in the provision of brokerage services, must have the appropriate license. The requirements for brokerage agencies of any format and scale are set out in current regulations.

The work of credit brokers is implemented in two versions. First, the company is limited to providing consulting services. They, in turn, consist of assisting the client in choosing a bank and loan terms, preparing and drawing up the necessary documents. The agency should not contact banks directly.

The second category of brokers specializes in cooperation, including with banking institutions. The main difficulty of this kind of business is the careful selection of partners by banks. A credit institution will agree to cooperate with a broker if he already has positive experience working with banking structures and has more than one year of experience in the market.

Thus, the organization’s work scheme may provide for several development options. The first is to provide consulting services, working with private clients, and without having direct connections with banks. The second way is to enter into an agreement with a specific bank and work directly for this brand. The second option is a little more technically complex, but it is also more profitable, and therefore popular in the brokerage industry. In the second case, cooperation with the client will be broader than simple consulting. This option involves issuing tickets, receiving and transferring funds.

A sample agency work plan involves the following action plan:

• — obtaining a license as a professional participant in the securities market;
• — concluding an agreement with the management company regarding the implementation of agency activities;
• — obtaining a power of attorney from the management company. It is this document that will give brokers the basis for fulfilling their duties;
• — reporting on completed actions and receiving payment stipulated by the contract.

The new agency will not yet have a history of successful relationships with credit institutions. In order for an intermediary structure to be of interest to a bank, it is imperative to guarantee a stable flow of clients. So, you need to promise to bring a certain number of borrowers every month, backing up the promise with serious arguments.

Range of activities new organization will include the following main areas:

• — management, financial consulting;
• — marketing, including research and consulting activities;
• — audit;
• — advertising, PR;
• - grade;
• — selection and development of personnel;
• - educational activities, etc.

The wider the scope of the agency's activities from the very beginning, the more competitive it will be in the future.

One of the potential sources of income for a brokerage agency is receiving an additional commission percentage that will accompany the redemption of shares. According to the law, when redeeming shares, the brokerage company has the right to withhold a certain percentage from the shareholders. The maximum rate of such commission is 3%. The specific interest rate will depend on the rules established by the specific fund and the investment period.

Important aspects of the work of a credit broker are in the video:

Stages of opening a brokerage agency

When planning the development of a brokerage agency from scratch, it is worth considering the step-by-step steps from the moment of business planning until it reaches the level of self-sufficiency. Schematically, this process can be described as follows:

Stages	Execution conditions	Completion deadlines
Start of the project		1 – 2 year
	1 month project	First 30 banking days
Receiving credit funds	Availability of a mandatory package of documents	1 month
Entry into the state register, registration with administrative and tax authorities	Concluded investment agreement	From 1 to 30 calendar days
Selecting a location, preparing documentation	Preliminary work	1 month
Purchase of equipment	Conclusion of an investment agreement	Up to 30 calendar days
Equipment installation	Receiving investment funds	Up to 30 calendar days
Hiring employees	Production activities	Up to 30 calendar days
Staff training	The end of the stage of organizing the production process	Up to 30 days
Marketing campaign	30 calendar days	Up to 360 calendar days
End of the project		12 – 24 months

In this regard, some changes are possible, including those related to the timing of implementation. However, this model will be taken as the basis for the plan.

Location. Office

Having your own office is one of the important arguments that can convince bankers that the broker is reliable, and therefore can provide a sufficient flow of clients. Market operators take two different approaches. In the first case, the premises are selected in close proximity to places where potential clients gather - large retail outlets or automobile markets.

The second common option is to open in the city center. Most office centers and banks are located there. The central location allows you not to tie yourself to a specific outlet and thereby increase the flow of customers by choosing a place accessible to everyone. The rental price in the center is usually higher - 800-1200 rubles. per sq. m. (in residential areas - about 600 rubles per sq. m.). At the same time, you can save on office space. The credit bureau does not need too spacious premises - at first 15-20 sq.m. is enough. meters.

For office equipment it is enough:

• — work furniture and a computer for each specialist;
• — cabinets for documents and personal belongings of specialists;
• – furniture for visitors and clients

It is imperative to equip the office with high-quality computer and office equipment, as well as Internet and telephone communications.

Staff

Area of ​​20 sq. m is enough to accommodate three broker managers. This will be the composition of the agency's key specialists.

Managers' salaries consist of a salary (6-10 thousand rubles) and a percentage of the transaction. On average, the manager receives from 0.5 to 1% of the amount of each loan issued. Each manager will need a desk, a chair, a computer, and a telephone. A scanner, printer and copier (one for everyone) will come in handy. You will have to spend about 40 thousand rubles on setting up one workplace. In addition to managers, the staff will need a system administrator and an accountant. The tasks that these specialists solve can be outsourced. An IT specialist can be a visiting person - he can perform his duties once every 3 months.

It is better to hire an accountant immediately. At the same time, it is worth providing him with a good salary so that this specialist pays sufficient attention to the agency.

Finding a qualified manager can sometimes be difficult. Since the work of a manager involves filling out a lot of documents, the key qualities of a good employee are attentiveness and accuracy. The specialist must have a good understanding of the loan processing procedure and be able to assess the borrower’s solvency.

The most common way out is to hire former employees credit departments of banks. Another option is to hire graduates of related specialties (economic faculties) for the position of manager and train them in practice independently. In any case, it is necessary to develop your own system for training specialists.

Documents: registration and license

The need to obtain a brokerage license is provided for by special Resolution No. 739 (. According to regulations, it will be mandatory to have equity capital on the company’s balance sheet (in addition to credit funds). The size of such capital must be at least 10 million rubles. In cases where the agency provides brokerage services on the securities market, this minimum figure is 50 million rubles. In addition, when applying for a license, you will have to pay a state duty in the amount of 20 million rubles.

The basic rules regarding brokerage activities are also set out in Federal Law No. 39 “On the Securities Market” (). It defines the concept and measures of broker qualifications.

The license is valid for 3 years. Then it is subject to updating.

The package of documents submitted to obtain a license is as follows:

• — application with a completed questionnaire;
• — copies of all constituent documents in accordance with the registered form of the enterprise;
• — a copy of the document that confirms the registration of the new organization with the tax authority;
• — payment order on payment of state duty by the founder;
• — a copy of the balance sheet as of the last reporting date, including a copy of the statement of all profits and losses up to the last reporting date;
• — copies of documents that confirm that all employees have the appropriate qualifications and, if necessary, a brokerage license;
• — certificate of persons who are members of the board of directors or other governing body of the structure;
• — copies of personal documents of all founders and a number of other documents. The exact list may be changed in accordance with new regulations or depending on the territorial factor. Therefore, the composition of the package of documents in each specific case must be determined separately.

One more thing important requirement– according to Resolution No. 32 (), the brokerage company is obliged to keep strict internal records of all transactions carried out in the interests of clients.

In addition to the special license, the company will need to be registered as a business entity. In the case of a brokerage agency, the only possible option will be a legal entity. Most suitable shape- OOO. Registration of a limited liability organization involves a separate procedure, carried out by contacting the Federal Tax Service. There you also need to fill out a special form. In it, in addition to the personal data of all founders, you need to provide the official name and legal address of the company, indicate the type of activity, which is confirmed by providing the OKVED code. The required code can be selected using the current classifier.

The main regulatory documents that you will need to refer to before opening a brokerage company include:

Financial part

Revenue forecasting is an important part of the plan. Income is determined based on cost calculations and analysis of existing pricing policies in the market.

The average loan amount issued through brokers, according to experts, reaches 250-350 thousand rubles. People interested in large loans turn to credit brokers. In this regard, it is immediately necessary to develop an optimal credit product that will be profitable and in demand for all parties.

The most popular are consumer loans. Second in popularity are loans for the purchase of used cars. The lowest demand at the moment is for mortgage lending support services.

Credit bureaus have two common payment systems. The first is to charge the client interest on the amount of the loan issued. The second involves a fixed fee. If the bank refuses to lend to the client, the company does not receive payment for the services. This is one of the main risks. On average, full support until receiving a loan costs the customer 5-10% of the loan amount.

The income forecast is compiled taking into account the following factors:

• — analysis of demand in the brokerage services market, study of consumer needs;
• — results of market analysis for the provision of relevant services;
• — general conclusions regarding the state of the brokerage services market.

The calculations use the lowest profitability threshold, which will avoid serious errors in determining the cost and payback period of the business.

In relation to the first 24 months of the agency’s activities, the income forecast will look like this:

Period	Type of service	Volume of sales of services for 1 month, pcs.	Price	Sales revenue, rub.
1 – 12 months of investment		2 — 3	0,094 – 1,5%	2 220 000
1 – 12 months of investment	Broker commission	2 — 3	From 13% per annum	1 200 000
	Remuneration for trading operations	Up to 10	0,094 – 1,5%	2 500 000
13 – 24 months of operation	Broker commission	Up to 10	From 13% per annum	1 345 000

If current market growth trends remain at same level(12 – 15% per year), the annual growth in sales volumes will reach 41.6 million rubles. This will be possible provided that there are highly qualified specialists and a well-thought-out strategy for the company.

The expense part of the business plan involves calculations of start-up costs and all further expenses for maintaining and developing the company’s activities.

Expense item	Expenses per month	Expenses for the year	One-time costs	Total expenses for the year
Rent (purchase) of premises (from 100 sq.m.)			1 500 000	1 500 000
Purchase of equipment		2 500	30 000	30 000
Purchasing a brokerage license			5 000 000	5 000 000
Own funds		10 000 000		10 000 000
Purchasing computer equipment			270 000	270 000
Website creation, hosting, purchasing scripts			120 000	120 000
Advertising expenses	50 000	600 000	100 000	600 000
Salary	1 900 000	22 377 000		22 377 000
Taxes	561 000	6 729 000		6 729 000
Unforeseen expenses			702 000	702 000
Total	1 918 000	32 980 000	7 722 000	40 599 000

Payback periods directly depend on the quality of the broker’s work – this is precisely the opinion of most experts. According to experts, at first a new market participant can count on only 15-20 visitors per month. But with a high level of professionalism and a competent marketing campaign, the client base is growing quickly. Good job managers, active advertising campaign and the successful location of the office guarantee the credit broker an increase in the number of clients by 20% per month. At this rate, the agency will pay for itself in three to four months.

One of the expenditure items of the plan is taxation. As a rule, the expense items here will be standard:

The financial year traditionally begins in January. Accordingly, from January 1 of each year, all tax deductions that the enterprise will pay to the budget are calculated.

What risks does the brokerage agency expect?

Any line of business related to financial transactions, banking and securities is highly risky. The most significant risks for a brokerage agency will be:

• — unstable situation in the financial market;
• — high barrier to entry into the market;
• — lack of trust on the part of potential clients;
• - increasing competition.

A high level of cost and the possibility of financial losses are the most important and dangerous risks that do not allow many new companies to stay on the market for more than a year. To prevent this danger, it is necessary to make accurate financial calculations, taking into account the profits with the lowest profitability threshold.

How to introduce yourself in the market? Marketing and advertising

Marketing research will begin with research into the relevant industry. First of all, I am interested in the development of this line of business and its prospects. Therefore, first of all, they pay attention to the level of demand and competition.

Significant negative impact The state of the market was affected by two strong crises - 2008 and 2013-2014. Despite the fact that since 2013 there has been a strong decline in the state of the industry, since 2015 there has been a rise and increase in activity in this direction. And since the success of the participants brokerage market depends on the state of the national and world economies, exchange rates and other economic and financial features, a marketing campaign involves a serious analysis of all possible directions.

The peculiarity of credit brokering in our country is that it only appeared in Russia several years ago. This means that significant efforts must be made to develop in this direction, since experience in this direction among domestic enterprises is minimal. At the same time, there are still few strong competitors in this business.

The second negative aspect is insufficiently developed demand. Citizens are privately poorly informed about the possibilities of brokering, so for now they extremely rarely turn to specialized agencies, and, as a last resort, choose the services of private specialists.

According to preliminary estimates, mortgage brokerage is really actively developed at the moment. Other areas still require intensive development.

The fact that the supply market in the country is developing much more actively than demand. Therefore, the primary task for today is to develop a set of measures to form consumer opinions and create the belief among potential clients that they can only get the service they need from a specific agency. This can be achieved, in addition to providing highly qualified services, with the help of a professional advertising campaign.

Outdoor advertising is recognized as the most effective for brokerage activities. At the start, it is enough to order several billboards, which will be placed near the office. Placing advertising messages on subway trains and other public transport works in a similar way. But such advertising attracts only a certain category of target audience.

Second effective way, which is actively increasing its potential - promoting its services via the Internet. You definitely need to create your own agency website. It will contain information about services, organization contacts and “general educational” articles about types of loans and their features. For a website to work, you should entrust its development and promotion to a specialist who will be responsible, among other things, for optimization in search engines.

At the same time, one of the most effective and reliable ways to attract and retain customers is considered to be creating a positive reputation in the market.

Speaking about the growth of the industry now and in the future, as of today, analysts call the figure 12–15% and up to 20% according to forecasts for 2019. For Moscow, the deficit of enterprises of this type of activity is estimated at 1,500 units. In Russia as a whole, this figure is just over 5 thousand.

According to the business plan, the project to open and develop a brokerage agency will be profitable and promising idea. The main conditions for the successful creation and operation of a company will be the availability of credit and own funds of the founder, as well as the opportunity to select a team of highly qualified specialists. The main thing that the head of this business needs is good organizational and personal qualities, as well as deep knowledge of the chosen field. Success will largely depend on the ability to plan all stages of the business and foresee possible risks and difficulties.

Some nuances and mistakes of brokers are in the video:

Force majeure and outright fraud in the FOREX services market do not in any way reduce the popularity and relevance of over-the-counter markets in the eyes of clients from the CIS. Citizens of Russia and Ukraine continue to consider high-risk instruments as their main investment idea, and mmgp.ru remains at least four times more popular than the smart-lab.ru forum (according to Alexa Rank data in Russia).

Demand creates supply, and every year more and more new brokers are born, whose development is watched literally by many investors live. Such projects that have gained popularity recently even before their birth include PrivateFX, Gerchik&Co and ICE FX.

For some reason, the contribution of the founders of some companies is sometimes overestimated already at the opening stage, and at the end we often get an unremarkable yet another dealing center. How much does it cost to organize such an office, and are the costs of opening a new broker really that high?

• Company registration;
• Opening a bank account;
• Liquidity providers;
• Website development and other expenses;
• Conclusion.

Broker registration

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Especially for readers, I developed the Lazy Investor Course, in which I showed step by step how to put your personal finances in order and effectively invest your savings in dozens of assets. I recommend that every reader complete at least the first week of training (it's free).

Let’s break down the costs of organizing such a popular business, with a few assumptions. The first point after selecting a CEO (let’s set his salary at $1,000 per month) for the broker owner will be the creation of a parent company and its incorporation. We will leave civilized jurisdictions like the USA, Great Britain and Australia alone as an expensive, useless undertaking. Civilized jurisdictions are not suitable for domestic investors, interfere with the existence of the usual PAMM and LAMM trust management schemes, and limit the methods of depositing and withdrawing funds. Cyprus seems to be some kind of intermediate option, but the offshores of the Caribbean are much calmer for the creator and more interesting.

As the main one, I will use information from the international website law firm Heritage Group (heritage-offshore.com). This is an ordinary intermediary between Russian-speaking clients and local registrars, unremarkable. The largest such service in RuNet is offshorewealth.info. However, the information of the latest service is complexly structured, and the prices for services will differ slightly.

The British Virgin Islands is the main harbor for offshore business. In some industries, up to 60% of the world's companies are registered here. Abroad, BVI is the most likely choice for a new broker; among companies with domestic roots, the most striking example is the FIBO broker. However, this jurisdiction is not very popular in the post-Soviet space.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a more well-known and popular option, largely due to the presence of pseudo-regulators on the territory of the state. In fact, in this jurisdiction you can get an extra piece of paper for one thousand dollars, which is not burdensome for the broker’s organizers. Amarkets followed this path, and Alpari also has a structure in the group of companies registered in the specified offshore.

In general, during its vigorous activity, Alpari managed to try the financial regulations of most well-known countries. Today there are them in Belize structural unit. Belize is not just the cheapest option for incorporation, it is also the most loyal to company owners in terms of litigation and litigation, and the easiest option for obtaining a more or less decent financial license.

If simple company in Belize will cost $1,549, then sophisticated broker creators will have to shell out $26,724 (including opening a bank account). Plus, the annual costs of maintaining a licensed company will, of course, be significantly higher.

Opening a bank account

The second point in terms of organizing a broker will be opening a bank account. This point is important both when working directly with clients and when collaborating with electronic payment systems.

A bank account does not have to be opened in the same jurisdiction where the company was registered. Moreover, paperwork with overseas banks, coupled with the language barrier, can significantly complicate the operational conduct of business.

Most FOREX brokers open accounts in the friendly Baltic states. Latvian banks Rietumu and Norvik are especially popular. The cost of opening an account will be $499, plus the costs of document management and apostille of documents, which rarely exceed $250. In addition, you will need an additional personal current bank account to withdraw profits in the form.

Liquidity providers

Thus, we get a ready-made company with bank account, ready to accept payments from clients. But can they start trading? We need liquidity providers with whom we can cooperate in two ways.

The first way. White label partnership with a reliable broker with low spreads. Most brokers have such programs. Entry may be free; the cost of postage and apostilling of contracts will be taken by analogy with the previous paragraph ($250).

The second way. Independent brand, independent access to banks, consortiums or liquidity aggregators. The most important thing in this case is the need to independently purchase and maintain a trading terminal. By default, you will need and will have to closely communicate with MetaQuotes Software Corp. The cost of a trading terminal, depending on the components purchased, ranges from 50 to 150 thousand US dollars. Maintenance costs – minimum 10 thousand dollars per year. Let's add here the same postage costs of 250 dollars.

The question of priority is a philosophical one. Saving on a terminal is extremely tempting for a young company, but its own service allows you to realize all the capabilities of b-book and recoup your investment many times over in the first year. Don't forget that more than 90% of traders lose their money in the market. Your own terminal allows you to win due to these losses, it’s simple.

Website development and other expenses

The next step to successful work will be website development. Actually, this is the most important marketing stage, from which you cannot hide. A dealing center is an Internet business, and the website will be the face of the business, a meeting place for clients with consultants, a bulletin board, and a resource for downloading a trading terminal. Domain name, hosting, server protection are presented initial costs, further development of personal accounts, database integration, etc. We keep in mind that the site can be improved in the future, but first we need to get started as quickly as possible. Based on my experience, for 10 thousand dollars you can launch a discreet resource. Question in the PR company and proper lighting process.

Separately, it is necessary to link bank accounts and the system for accepting payments from clients. There is a merchant account for this. Unlike online stores, FOREX business, along with bookmaking, pharmaceuticals and goods for adults, appears to banks to be risky and unreliable. From payment systems, a client’s complaint can result in significant sanctions, so banks are very sensitive to the process of connecting new brokers to the system. You will have to pay 5-10 times more than an ordinary non-risky business, namely $2,500. We will include in this amount the costs of postal needs, verification and apostille of documents.

The last expense item. Marketing, broker promotion, advertising. These are ridiculous expenses; hundreds of millions of dollars can be spent on these purposes. Or you can get by with a brand name/media person, a previously promoted blog, or the wreckage of an old project that left behind questions.

I do not undertake to estimate the size of such cash injections; indeed, there are many ways to reduce them to almost zero.

Conclusion

Let's summarize. The minimum cost of opening a Forex broker from scratch as a white label partnership with company registration offshore without a license is in the first year:

№	Expense item	Costs in dollars
1	CEO salary	12 000
2	Company in Belize with nominal service for a year	1 549
3		998
4	Website development	10 000
5		2 500
6		750
7	Unforeseen expenses (10% of calculations)	1 580
	TOTAL:	29 377

The maximum cost of a classic offshore broker with a license, opened independently without a partnership (excluding marketing costs):

№	Expense item	Costs in dollars
1	CEO salary	12 000
2	Company in Belize with nominee service, office, account (for the regulator) and license for a year	26 724
3	Bank account in Latvia for a company, as well as for personal use (optional)	998
4	Website development	10 000
5	Merchant account	2 500
6	MetaTrader License	150 000
7	Postage and related costs	750
8	Unforeseen expenses (5% of calculations)	9 549
	TOTAL:	2 12 521

As follows from the information presented, the main cost items for minimal investments are personnel and website development. When the maximum option requires significant costs in order to use the trading software package, as well as incorporation of a company with a license from an offshore regulator.

Thus, the range of initial investments is quite wide. Cost optimization allows you to organize and develop your own brand instead of a representative office or branch of any office. The amount of costs is quite affordable for an investor from the CIS and falls within the framework of common sense. When choosing a reliable partner, it involves cooperation with active IB and stable traders.

Maximum investment determines the future maximum return. You can rely on directly attracting customers; you can use all the “kitchen” technologies at once. It does not matter which traders the company attracts in this case, what is important is the influx of clients as a whole. Unfortunately, investments at the level of the cost of real estate in the capital do not stop many scammers; from year to year we receive new story from another new superbroker. I hope this article will allow you to evaluate the reliability and plans of many existing projects and will save readers from nightmare investments comparable to the costs of organizing them!

Sincerely, Vitaly O.Kh.