One of the most important elements The infrastructure of any building includes a system for providing it with electricity. Indeed, without this, imagine life today modern man impossible.

However, simply installing a power cable is not enough: it is necessary to correctly distribute electricity, ensure the necessary level of protection for the electrical wiring itself, as well as the life and health of people, install a meter for electricity consumption, and, at the same time, fulfill these conditions in such a way that, with minimal dimensions and ease of installation, the structure had easy and quick access.

To fulfill these conditions, there are so-called introductory distribution devices(APU) or simply - electrical distribution panels.

Having looked at the photo of the switchboard, they can be seen in sufficient quantities on resources on the network; another reader will note the complexity of the internal contents, as well as large number machines, switches and wires. In fact, you can assemble an electrical panel in your home yourself, especially in the case of single-phase wiring.

However, if you have never encountered electrical installation work, it is better to turn to specialists, and for those who decide to do everything themselves, you need to know some key points of installation and selection of an electrical panel, as well as the features of its internal structure - this is what will be discussed in this article.

A little theory

The main purpose of the switchboard follows from its name, but still let's dwell on this issue in a little more detail.

The main functions of the input distribution device in the house include:

• Ensuring in one place the distribution of all electricity along separate branches of electrical wiring;
• Controlling the connection/disconnection of individual branches to the power grid;
• Accounting for consumed electricity;
• Protection of both the entire electrical wiring and its individual branches from overcurrent;
• Protection against current leakage to ground other than electricity consumers;
• Constructive integration of all named functions into a single block;
• Protection from external influences internal contents of the distribution device.

It is important to note that these functions are assigned both to the distribution board in the apartment and to the one installed in a private house, garage, cottage, etc.

Electrical panel design

Designing an electrical panel's electrical circuit is entirely dependent on all the building's wiring. That is, it is she who predetermines the number of automatic protective switches, their type, parameters, as well as other elements and their properties.

Since in each individual case there are a number of specific features, we will not dwell on the development schematic diagram, but only consider the basic, general structural elements.

First of all, a switchboard for a private home can be made of metal or plastic. IN lately became increasingly popular plastic structures, they have an attractive appearance, less weight and price, however metal structure more reliable, lasts longer and withstands greater mechanical loads. The choice is yours.

The housing can be structurally built into a niche previously prepared in the wall, as well as installed directly on it.

Built-in structures are more convenient to install hidden wiring, they occupy less space, do not stand out externally, look aesthetically pleasing and fit harmoniously into the space. However, their installation and installation is much more complicated.

The internal structure of the electrical panel consists of the following main components:

• Special DIN rail, everything is installed on it circuit breakers and other control and protection devices;
• A special kind of distribution current-carrying busbars for the neutral and pinch wires. The ground bus is designated “PE”, and the zero bus is designated “N”;
• Automatic switches, residual current devices and other automation and control devices, for example: lighting, hood, etc.;
• Electricity consumption meter;
• Wires connecting all elements of the electrical panel into a single circuit.

In some cases, for example in apartments, there may not be a meter in the electrical panel, and in addition, other, not specified, automation and control units may be installed. Fastening and installation additional elements must be done in accordance with the instructions for these devices, which are supplied with them.

Installation

In general, the installation of a distribution board in a house is carried out at the stage of all electrical installation work. Any features in in this case no: everything is done in strict accordance with safety requirements, as well as the prescribed norms and rules. The only thing is that the connection to an external power supply must be made after assembling and checking the circuit.

All connections inside the electrical panel must be made strictly in accordance with a previously thought out and sketched electrical diagram.

On the inside of the electrical panel door, as a rule, there is special place, where you can specify the purpose of all switches.

A mandatory signature-marker of all machines must be considered a sign of a job well done and one of the electrical safety requirements. So, if the protection is triggered, this will allow you to localize the troubleshooting, and if repair or maintenance work is necessary, disconnect the necessary branch of the electrical wiring.

Photos of distribution boards

By the concept of a shield, we mean a switchgear used to receive and transmit electrical energy, which also performs the functions of protection against short circuits and leakage currents. Basically, distribution boards of the ShchR type are not large in size and perform the function of a distribution board responsible for some sector of a residential or commercial premises.
These shields may also be called differently:

1. ShchR distribution boards
2. ShR distribution cabinets
3. ShchRS - power distribution boards
4. ShchS – power shields
5. ShRS – power distribution cabinets

What are distribution boards of types ShchR, ShR, ShchRS, ShchS made of?

These products are divided into two types according to the installation method: wall-mounted and internal (for installation in the wall). You can also choose the cabinet shell material: plastic or metal. Plastic looks more aesthetically pleasing and is suitable for some kind of commercial or residential premises; metal is often used for warehouse areas or industrial enterprises. Inside, the switchboard can be equipped with various switches, load switches, meters, circuit breakers, leakage current protection devices, contactors, etc. We assemble all shields to order, so its modification is always discussed with the client.

What parameters should you use to choose a distribution board?

There are several basic parameters for these shields:

1. The size of the shield must satisfy landing dimensions(room size)
2. Installation method: built-in wall or hanging
3. Case material: metal or plastic
4. Case protection level: ip21, ip54, ip65, ip66.
5. Switchgear inside the switchboard (as per the project or we select it for you based on your tasks and wishes).

ShchR shield price and assembly time.

The price of this product depends on many factors. The main factors are: the number of distribution equipment inside the cabinet and its price segment. You need to understand that a cabinet assembled with ABB components will be several times more expensive than an IEK panel. But the ABB shield will be of simply impeccable quality, and the IEK will be a budget shield that performs its functions.

Example of the price of a ShchR shield on ABB devices:

Shield ShchR1	pcs.	1	7 258,69
	pcs.	1
Switch OT40M3 3p modular (2497R0490)	pcs.	1
	pcs.	14
Kit of mounting parts	pcs.	1
Shield ShchR2	pcs.	1	6 956,33
Hinged distribution board ShchRN-P-24 IP41 plastic white transparent door (MKP12-N-24-40-10))	pcs.	1
	pcs.	1
Automatic switch single-pole 10A C S201 6kA (S201 C10)	pcs.	14
Kit of mounting parts	pcs.	1
Shield ShchR3	pcs.	1	10 258,00
Mounted distribution board ShchRN-P-36 IP41 plastic white transparent door (MKP12-N-36-40-05)	pcs.	1
Switch OT63F3 3p with DIN handle/screw (1SCA105332R1001)	pcs.	1
Automatic switch single-pole 10A C S201 6kA (S201 C10)	pcs.	19
Kit of mounting parts	pcs.	1

Order distribution boards ShchR, ShR, ShchRS, ShchS?

All distribution panels are classified according to several criteria. The panels are used to supply power to individual apartments and groups of rooms located on the same floor. To supply and account for electricity in apartments, group devices and group-type metering panels are used. Power supply to a complex of premises on one floor is carried out using switchboards of the following classes:

• Distribution (a power line is supplied to them, the device distributes electricity between consumers);
• Accounting and distribution (in addition to the function of electricity distribution, they keep records of consumed energy);
• Group-type metering and distribution devices (they provide power and energy metering for several objects).

Main switchboards power switchboards power entire facilities, so they are more often installed on the premises transformer substations and objects to which powerful power lines are connected. To receive and distribute energy at the facility, input distribution devices are used, which are integral part group protective automation.

Switching to emergency power mode using another power line is carried out using automatic transfer switches; they automatically activate alternative source power supply in case of an accident on the power line or a power outage. Installation of such equipment is carried out in cottages, industrial buildings and municipal facilities.

Panels are used to power and distribute electricity to several apartments or premises located on the same floor. The classification of distribution panels is carried out in accordance with the installation option - built-in or hanging.

You can buy an assembled electrical distribution board of any of the specified modifications from our company at low prices- the cost of products can be further reduced depending on the volume of the order.

Distribution board selection parameters

The choice of distribution board should be made taking into account the following parameters:

• The main material is plastic or metal (to protect against vandalism, it is recommended to choose equipment with a metal casing);
• Overall dimensions (for built-in devices, the dimensions of the niche for installation should be determined in advance);
• Purpose (only powering objects or powering taking into account the energy consumed, powering several objects or one large one);
• IP protection degree (this allows you to guarantee the safety of the equipment when exposed to shock, water and changes in temperature and humidity; the higher the protection class, the more durable the equipment is);
• Complete set (the kit includes a device for connecting the input line, a low-current compartment and a device for disconnecting the supply line).

Scope of application

Distribution boards are used to enter power lines and account for consumed electricity.

The supply line is supplied to various objects through distribution boards. The devices perform two functions simultaneously - receiving and distributing electrical energy. Several consumers can be connected to one switchboard, depending on the class of electrical equipment and the characteristics of the facility.

Distribution panels are also used to protect the electrical network from overloads and short circuits. Due to the ability of the equipment to operate with three-phase, single-phase or alternating current, it is used to equip residential facilities and industrial buildings. Depending on the class of equipment, it is used for the following purposes:

• Providing power supply to the entire facility (MSB);
• Power supply and electrical protection of lighting lines and receivers (group panels);
• Transmission of electricity for the purpose of powering household appliances and lighting apartments (apartment panels);
• Power supply for several apartments or premises located on the same floor;
• For automatic switching on emergency power supply and switching to the main power source (ABP).

Switchboard buy by favorable price It is possible in our company, certified equipment manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST and TU is on sale.

Distribution boards ShchR are used in lighting and power installations of residential, public, administrative, industrial buildings and structures, as well as other similar buildings. The main tasks performed by distribution boards ShchR:

• - reception and distribution of electrical energy with a voltage of 380/220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz;
• - protection against electric shock from accidental contact with live parts;
• - prevention of fires caused by ignition of wire insulation due to excessively high leakage currents to the ground;
• - protection against infrequent switching on and off of group circuit lines, as well as for protection against overloads and short circuits.

ShchR design

Distribution boards ShchR They are a metal shell with a degree of protection IP31, welded from sheet steel, in which the installation of circuit breakers and residual current devices (RCDs) is provided on the rails. Input of supply lines and output of outgoing lines is carried out from below or from above. Execution of shields ShchR hinged or recessed. Access to the panel is provided from the facade through the door.

Technical characteristics of ShchR

Rated voltage, V	380/220
Frequency, Hz	50
Rated current of input circuit breakers, A	up to 160
Rated current of circuit breakers and differential current switches of group circuit lines, A	up to 63
Rated leakage current settings of input differential current switches, mA	30; 100; 300
Rated leakage current settings of differential current switches of group circuit lines, mA	10; 30
Degree of protection according to GOST 14254-80	IP31
Climatic conditions standardized for accommodation category 4 according to GOST 15150-69	UHL

Familiarize yourself with the basic electrical diagrams of the primary connections of ShchR distribution boards with single-phase and three-phase supply networks.

Operating conditions ShchP

Climatic modification UHL, placement category 4 according to GOST 15150 - 69, altitude above sea level 2000 m. temperature environment from +5оС to 40оС at relative humidity no more than 60% at a temperature of +20°C.
The environment is not explosive and does not contain aggressive vapors and gases in concentrations that destroy metals and insulation, and is not saturated with conductive dust. Installation location ShchR- protected from the ingress of water and other liquids, direct exposure to radiation, sudden shocks (impacts) and strong shaking. The working position in space is vertical.

Structure of the symbol for distribution boards ShchR

ShchR - XY UHL4

An example of recording a device when ordering it "ShchR-3N UHL4 4 panel": Distribution panel ShchR three-phase hinged version for installation.

Scope of supply ShchR

At the customer's request, the number of passports, instructions and keys can be changed.

Switchboard ShchR - what is it?

As you climb up the landing, the first thing that catches your eye is a new distribution board, delivered only recently. Gray, shiny, what hides behind it?

Switchboard ShchR is a metal structure divided by a partition into three compartments: metering, distribution and low-current compartments. Meters, circuit breakers and shutdown protection devices are installed in each panel compartment accordingly.

Distribution boards ShchR are actively produced and sold by our company. Produced ShchR designed for receiving and distributing electrical energy in three-phase four-wire and five-wire networks with a voltage of 380/220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz with a grounded neutral. Distribution boards ShchR protect group circuit lines from overloads and short circuits. You can see everything technical specifications ShchR on the same page above.

Distribution boards ShchR They are installed not only in lighting, but also in power plants of residential buildings, public and industrial buildings, as well as administrative and other similar structures. Light and electricity in apartments is not possible without distribution boards ShchR. They are used not only to power them, but also to install devices for television, telephone and radio broadcast networks.

Distribution boards ShchR Made from high-strength steel, they are comfortable and reliable. For more durable use, the following requirements must be met: altitude above sea level no more than 2000 meters, ambient temperature from +5 to +40 degrees and humidity no more than 60%. The optimal environment for the operation of switchboards is one that does not contain aggressive vapors and gases, is not explosive and is not saturated with conductive dust. When installing panels, avoid places with high humidity, direct effects of radiation and sharp shocks and shocks. ShchR should be installed strictly vertically.

And again returning to the landing, you see the already familiar distribution meter with a window for taking readings. Now he no longer seems so mysterious and incomprehensible.

With MEC ELECTRICA, many things become simpler, clearer and more profitable.

Schematic electrical diagrams of ShchR distribution boards

ShchR 1 UHL4

ShchR 3 UHL4

Elements on the diagram

This type of device is designed to receive and subsequently distribute electrical energy in various circuits. Distribution cabinets are classified into several types.

Usually cabinets are marked with the letters "shr". They are used in networks with a rated current of 400 amperes and a rated voltage of 380 volts with a frequency AC not exceeding 50 hertz. In addition, they highlight separate species distribution cabinets for use in networks with a voltage of 660 volts.

The marking "shrn" means that the distribution cabinet is wall-mounted. Typically, the capacity of such cabinets varies from two hundred to one thousand two hundred bar. This type of cabinet is equipped with special frame fastenings, where plinths are subsequently mounted.

The marking "pr" means "distribution point", this type of cabinet is used for distribution electric current in networks with voltages up to 660 volts and with frequencies varying from 50 to 60 hertz. distribution points also serve to ensure safety electrical networks and anticipation of short circuits and accidental overloads.

Another type of wall cabinet (“shrn”) is wall-mounted. It should be highlighted separately, since increased requirements for strength and reliability apply to its design. Often such cabinets are made of metal and are reliable and durable.