How to make an ejector for a water pump yourself. How to make an ejector for a pumping station with your own hands: a detailed guide

An ejector is a device in which kinetic energy is transferred from one medium moving at a higher speed to another.
A pump is an actuator that converts the mechanical energy of the engine (drive) into the hydraulic energy of fluid flow. The pump, driven by the engine, communicates with the tanks by two pipelines: suction (receiving) and discharge (discharge).
Based on the principle of operation, marine pumps are divided into three groups: positive displacement (displacement), vane and jet. Jet pumps have no moving parts and create a pressure difference using working environment: liquid, steam or gas supplied to a pump under pressure. These pumps include ejectors and injectors.
Jet pumps connected to the object being served by a suction pipe are called ejectors. For ejectors, the working pressure is higher than the useful one, that is. Ejectors are divided into water ones - for drying, steam - for sucking air and creating a vacuum in condensers, evaporators, etc.
Jet pumps connected to the serviced object by a discharge pipe are called injectors. Injectors have the opposite pressure ratio, that is, the useful pressure is higher than the working pressure. Injectors include steam jet pumps for supplying feedwater to steam generators.
Figure 1 shows a water-jet drainage ejector of the VEZH type.
The ejector body 3, welded from sheet copper, has the shape of a diffuser with a corner suction pipe 7, the hole of which is closed by a cap 6 with a chain. On the left, a brass nozzle 2 is inserted into the body, having the shape of a converging nozzle with a half-nut “Storka” 1 for connection flexible hose, through which working water is supplied to the ejector. To connect the outlet hose to the ejector, use a half-nut 4, located at the outlet end of the discharge pipe 5. This connection ensures the operation of portable ejectors, which are installed on the threads of deck bushings communicating through tubes with compartments or holds that require drainage.

Rice. 1 Water-jet ejector type VEZH

The ejector works as follows: working water is usually from fire main supplied under pressure to the nozzle. From the narrow exit section of the nozzle, water flows at high speed into the so-called mixing chamber, and the pressure decreases. Passing through the narrow section of the diffuser (“neck”), water carries along air and creates a vacuum in the mixing chamber, which ensures the flow of liquid from the suction pipe 7. Due to friction and as a result of the exchange of impulses, the sucked water is mixed, captured and moves along with the working one. The mixture enters the expanding part of the diffuser, where the kinetic energy (speed) decreases and due to this the static pressure increases, facilitating the injection of the liquid mixture through pipe 5 into the discharge pipeline and overboard. The ejector feed can be adjusted by screwing in or out the nozzle.
Figure 2 shows a steam jet injector used to power steam boilers.
Working steam from the boiler is supplied to pipe 1 of the injector. Valve 2 is opened by turning handle 10. Steam, passing through steam nozzle 9, acquires greater speed due to a decrease in pressure. At the same time, it entrains air particles and creates a vacuum, which ensures that feed water enters the pump through pipe 3. The incoming water, mixing with the steam, condenses it. Reducing the volume increases the vacuum in the mixing chamber 4, ensuring continuous suction of feed water into the injector. The mixture of condensate and water flows through the diffuser 6 to the non-return valve 5, which covers the entrance to the boiler feed pipe. As a result of the transfer of part of the kinetic energy of the mixture into pressure, the valve opens and hot water enters the steam boiler.

Rice. 2 Steam jet injector

If the discharge pressure in front of valve 5 is less than the pressure in the boiler, the valve will not open. In this case, the water mixture in chamber 7 will press the pilot valve and will pour out through hole 8.
When the pressure becomes sufficient to open valve 5, the pressure in chamber 7 will decrease and the pilot valve will close under the action of a spring, preventing water from flowing out. Steam injectors have a simple design and supply hot feed water to the steam boiler, but are ineffective and uneconomical.
The absence of moving parts in the jet pump ensures pumping of liquid with various mechanical inclusions, which is used on fishing industry vessels for pumping pulp, that is, a mixture of fish and water, using airlift pumps or hydraulic elevators. Unlike centrifugal fish pumps, airlifts do not damage the fish when pumping pulp. Airlifts use compressed air, which, when mixed with water, creates a reduced density for it.
The main disadvantage of jet pumps is their low efficiency, which is usually not higher than that of airlifts.

A deep aquifer is a common problem that is familiar to many owners. land plots. Conventional surface pumping equipment either cannot provide the house with water at all, or supplies it to the system too slowly and with low pressure.

An excellent way out of this situation could be an ejector for pumping station water supply

Operating principle of the ejector

The deeper the water is, the more difficult it is to bring it to the surface. In practice, if the well depth is more than seven meters, the surface pump has difficulty coping with its tasks.

Of course, for very deep wells it is more appropriate to purchase a high-performance submersible pump. But with the help of an ejector, it is possible to improve the performance of a surface pump to an acceptable level and at significantly lower costs.

The ejector is a small but very effective device. This unit has a relatively simple design; you can even make it yourself from scrap materials. The operating principle is based on giving the water flow additional acceleration, which will increase the amount of water coming from the source per unit of time.

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This solution is especially convenient for those who are going to install or have already installed a pumping station with a surface pump. The ejector will allow you to increase the depth of water intake to 20-40 meters. It should also be noted that the purchase of more powerful pumping equipment will lead to a noticeable increase in energy consumption. In this sense, the ejector will bring noticeable benefits.

The ejector for a surface pump consists of the following elements:

suction chamber;
mixing unit;
diffuser;
narrowed nozzle.

The operation of the device is based on Bernoulli's principle. It states that if the speed of a flow increases, an area of low pressure is created around it. In this way, a rarefaction effect is achieved. Water enters through a nozzle, the diameter of which is smaller than the size of the rest of the structure.

This diagram allows you to get an idea of the design and operating principle of an ejector for a pumping station. The accelerated reverse flow creates an area of low pressure and transfers kinetic energy to the main flow of water

A slight narrowing gives the water flow a noticeable acceleration. Water enters the mixer chamber, creating an area of reduced pressure inside it. Under the influence of this process, a flow of water under more than one pressure enters the mixer through the suction chamber. high pressure.

Water enters the ejector not from the well, but from the pump. Those. The ejector must be installed in such a way that part of the water raised by the pump returns to the ejector through the nozzle. The kinetic energy of this accelerated flow will be constantly transferred to the mass of water that is absorbed from the source.

To create an area of rarefied pressure inside the ejector, use a special fitting, the diameter of which is smaller than the parameters of the suction pipe

Choice: built-in or external?

Device installation features

The ejector is assembled before operation according to the standard scheme. A mesh filter is connected to the ejector body from below, and a Venturi tube made in the form of a plastic socket is connected to the top through the nozzle (+)

Using a homemade external option

A built-in ejector is usually purchased at the same time as a pump, but the external model is often made by hand. It will be useful to consider the creation process and the procedure for connecting such a device. In order to make an ejector, you will need such parts as a tee with internal threaded connections, fittings, fittings, bends, couplings, etc.

Personal assembly of the ejector

Assemble the device as follows:

Pipe connection procedure

To connect the ejector, you can use polyethylene pipes, which are easier to install than similar structures made of metal-plastic

Three pipes are connected to the remote ejector: a pipe for sucking water from the source, a pipe connecting the device to the pump and a line for recirculating water

Before starting a pumping station with an ejector, it is necessary to fill the surface pump with water, as well as all pipes connected to the ejector

Initial launch and further operation

Turn on the pump again.

The lower pipe of the ejector, through which water is drawn, should be protected from contamination using a coarse strainer (+)

Useful video on the topic

An ejector is a simple but very useful device. This is a convenient and useful way to improve the performance of pumping equipment in a private home. But the installation of the ejector, especially the remote model, must be done correctly; this is the only way to ensure a noticeable increase in water pressure.

sovet-ingenera.com

What is it, how does it work, how to do it yourself?

Water supply equipment

Ejector - what is it and how does it work? Any hydraulic engineer who understands the essence of converting the energy of a mixed jet into pressure in a pipeline knows the exact answer to this question. For consumers of water from a well who are uninitiated in the intricacies of engineering, it is enough to understand the fact that this unit of pressure equipment allows the pump to pump water from depths of more than 15-20 meters. But if you want to assemble an ejector with your own hands, improving your pump, then you will need to understand the essence of this device practically at an engineering level. And this article will help you understand what an ejector is, how it works and how to assemble such a unit on your own.

What is an ejector and how does it work?

From the point of view of the physics of the process, an ejector is a typical ejector that pumps up pressure in a pipeline channel. It works in tandem with a suction pump that draws water from a well or well.

The essence of the operation of this unit is to throw into the pipeline or working chamber pump jet of liquid accelerated to high speed. Moreover, acceleration is carried out by passing through a smoothly tapering section. Due to the difference in the speed of movement of the main flow and the mixed jet, a vacuum region is created in the chamber of the unit, which increases the suction force in the pipeline.

The air ejector, the liquid ejector, and the gas-liquid unit operate on this principle. In physics, the mechanics of the operation of such units is described by Bernoulli’s law, formulated in the 18th century. However, the first working ejector was assembled only in the 19th century, or more precisely in 1858.

Ejector pump - operating principle and expected benefits

Modern ejectors accelerate the pressure in the pipeline, consuming about 12 percent of the volume of the pumped flow. That is, if 1000 liters per hour flow through the pipe, then for efficient work the ejector will require an output of 120 l/h.

The pump supports the following operating principle of the ejector:

An outlet is cut into the pipe behind the pump.
Water from this outlet is supplied to the circulation pipe of the ejector.
The suction pipe of the ejector is connected to a pipe lowered into the well, and the pressure pipe is connected to the entrance to the working chamber of the pump.
A check valve must be installed on the pipe lowered into the well, blocking the downward movement of water.
The flow supplied to the circulation pipe moves at high speed, creating a vacuum in the suction zone of the ejector. Under the influence of this vacuum, the suction force (water lift) and the pressure in the pipeline connected to the pump increase.

A pump equipped with an ejector begins to draw water from a well more than 7-8 meters deep. Without an ejector, this process is impossible in principle. Without this unit, a suction-type unit is capable of lifting water only to depths of 5-7 meters. And the ejector pump pumps water even from a depth of 45 meters. Moreover, the operating efficiency of such pressure equipment depends on the types of ejectors used.

Types of ejectors - classification by location

The ejector, the operating principle of which we described above, is mounted only on surface pumps. Moreover, there are two installation schemes:

Internal placement is where the ejector is built into the pump casing or somewhere nearby.
External placement - in this case, the ejector is mounted in a well, where, in addition to the main pipeline, a circulation branch is also installed.

The internal ejector for the pump gives a 100% guarantee safe operation ejector In this case, it is protected from silting and mechanical damage. In addition, internal installation reduces the length of the circulation pipeline. The biggest drawback of this scheme is the slight increase in suction depth. An internal ejector - what it is and what benefits it provides, we have already explained above - allows a surface pump to pump water only from a depth of 9-10 meters. You can’t even dream of 15-40 meters here. You will also be haunted by the sound of water beating, propagated by the housing of the built-in equipment.

An external ejector for a pumping station promises benefits such as virtually silent operation (the source of the beating is located in the well) and the generation of significant vacuum, sufficient to lift water from a well up to 45 meters deep. The annoying disadvantages of this scheme include, firstly, a drop in the efficiency of pressure equipment by about a third, and secondly, the need to install primary filters that regulate the flow frequency (such a unit is afraid of silting).

However, if you are planning to construct an ejector with your own hands, then the most affordable option would be the external unit. This is what we will consider below in the text.

Self-production: step by step instructions

If you decide to make an ejector with your own hands, you will not need drawings, since a simplified model of the external unit can be assembled from standard tees, fittings and fittings and angles for water supply. Moreover, only two adjustable wrenches can be used as working tools, and the only consumables you will need are FUM tape.

The complete list of parts for a homemade ejector is as follows:

Connector with external thread and a brush for installing hoses. It will act as a nozzle from which a high-speed stream of water is ejected.
A tee with an internal thread, the diameter of which must match the external thread of the fitting. This element will be used as a body.
Three angles with threaded and collet ends. With their help, you can streamline the laying of circulation, suction and pressure pipelines.
Two or three collet or crimp fittings, which are used to connect pipelines. Moreover, the last option requires using additional tool– crimp wrench

The assembly process itself begins with preparing the fitting. A hexagon protruding above the threaded end is ground off from it. Next, the treated fitting is screwed into the tee from the side of the through channel, obtaining the basis for the circulation pipe. In this case, the end with the brush (fitting) should not extend beyond the boundaries of the tee. If this happens, it will have to be cut down.

To complete the installation of the circulation pipe, a corner bend with threaded ends is screwed into the tee, following the fitting, after which another corner is screwed onto the free part of this element, obtaining a U-shaped loop with a fitting end. It is to this fitting that the circulation pipe from the pump will be attached.

The next step is preparing the pressure end. To do this, a fitting with an external threaded end and a collet is screwed into the free through end of the tee (it is located above the equipped circulation outlet). The pipe from the ejector to the pump will be attached to this collet.

The last stage is the arrangement of the suction end. In this case, we simply screw a fitting angle with an external thread and a collet clamp at the other end into the side outlet of the tee. Moreover, the collet should look down, towards the circulation pipe. And a suction pipe laid to the bottom of the well will be attached to this fitting.

Secrets of success - how to increase the efficiency of a homemade design

Firstly, the diameter of the circulation pipe must be half the size of the pressure and suction lines. Thanks to this, the flow will receive a high speed even as it approaches the fitting that replaces the nozzle.

Secondly, it is better not to lower the suction pipe to the very bottom of the well - it should be located at least a meter away. And even better - at a distance of 1.5 meters from the bottom. This way you can avoid silting.

Thirdly, you need to screw a check valve onto the end of the suction pipe, cutting off the flow of water downwards, and it would be a good idea to place a coarse strainer behind the valve. This increases the efficiency of the ejectors and reduces the risk of silting of the structure.

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operating principle and design of the ejector pump

Ejector - what is it? This question often arises among owners country houses and dachas in the process of arrangement autonomous system water supply The source of water entering such a system, as a rule, is a pre-drilled well or well, the liquid from which must not only be raised to the surface, but also transported through a pipeline. To solve such problems, a whole technical complex is used, consisting of a pump, a set of sensors, filters and a water ejector, installed if liquid from the source needs to be pumped out from a depth of more than ten meters.

In what cases is an ejector needed?

Before dealing with the question of what an ejector is, you should find out why a pumping station equipped with it is needed. Essentially, an ejector (or ejector pump) is a device in which the energy of motion of one medium moving at high speed is transferred to another medium. Thus, the operating principle of an ejector pumping station is based on Bernoulli’s law: if a reduced pressure of one medium is created in a narrowing section of the pipeline, this will cause suction into the formed flow of another medium and its transfer from the suction point.

Everyone knows well: the greater the depth of the source, the harder it is to raise water from it to the surface. As a rule, if the depth of the source is more than seven meters, then a conventional surface pump has difficulty performing its functions. Of course, to solve this problem, you can use a more productive submersible pump, but it is better to go the other way and purchase an ejector for a surface-type pumping station, significantly improving the characteristics of the equipment used.

By using a pumping station with an ejector, the liquid pressure in the main pipeline increases, while the energy of the fast flow of the liquid medium flowing through its separate branch is used. Ejectors, as a rule, work in conjunction with jet-type pumps - water-jet, liquid-mercury, steam-mercury and steam-oil.

An ejector for a pumping station is especially relevant if it is necessary to increase the power of an already installed or planned installation of a station with a surface pump. In such cases, the ejector installation allows you to increase the depth of water intake from the reservoir to 20–40 meters.

Overview and operation of a pumping station with an external ejector

Types of ejector devices

According to their design and operating principle, ejector pumps can belong to one of the following categories.

With the help of such ejector devices, gaseous media are pumped out of confined spaces and a rarefied state of air is maintained. Devices operating on this principle have a wide range of applications.

Steam jet

In such devices, the energy of a steam jet is used to suck gaseous or liquid media from a confined space. Operating principle of the ejector of this type lies in the fact that steam escaping from the nozzle of the installation at high speed carries with it the transported medium exiting through an annular channel located around the nozzle. Ejector pumping stations of this type are used primarily for rapid pumping of water from the premises of ships for various purposes.

Stations with an ejector of this type, the operating principle of which is based on the fact that the compression of a gas medium, initially under low pressure, occurs due to high-pressure gases, are used in the gas industry. The described process takes place in the mixing chamber, from where the flow of the pumped medium is directed to the diffuser, where it is inhibited, and hence the pressure increases.

Design features and principle of operation

The design elements of the remote ejector for the pump are:

a chamber into which the pumped medium is sucked;
mixing unit;
diffuser;
a nozzle whose cross-section tapers.

How does any ejector work? As mentioned above, such a device operates according to the Bernoulli principle: if the speed of the flow of a liquid or gaseous medium increases, then an area characterized by low pressure is formed around it, which contributes to the rarefaction effect.

So, the operating principle of a pumping station equipped with an ejector device is as follows:

The liquid medium pumped by the ejector unit enters the latter through a nozzle, the cross-section of which is smaller than the diameter of the inlet line.
Passing into the mixer chamber through a nozzle with a decreasing diameter, the flow of the liquid medium acquires a noticeable acceleration, which contributes to the formation of an area with reduced pressure in such a chamber.
Due to the occurrence of a vacuum effect in the ejector mixer, a liquid medium under higher pressure is sucked into the chamber.

If you decide to equip a pumping station with a device such as an ejector, keep in mind that the pumped liquid medium does not enter it from a well or well, but from the pump. The ejector itself is positioned in such a way that part of the liquid that was pumped out of the well or well by means of a pump is returned to the mixer chamber through a tapering nozzle. The kinetic energy of the liquid flow entering the ejector mixer chamber through its nozzle is transferred to the mass of the liquid medium sucked by the pump from the well or well, thereby ensuring constant acceleration of its movement along the inlet line. Part of the liquid flow, which is pumped out by a pumping station with an ejector, enters the recirculation pipe, and the rest goes into the water supply system served by such a station.

Once you understand how a pumping station equipped with an ejector works, you will understand that it requires less energy to raise water to the surface and transport it through a pipeline. Thus, not only does the efficiency of using pumping equipment increase, but also the depth from which the liquid medium can be pumped out increases. In addition, when using an ejector that sucks up liquid on its own, the pump is protected from running dry.

The design of a pumping station with an ejector includes a tap installed on the recirculation pipe. Using such a valve, which regulates the flow of liquid flowing to the ejector nozzle, you can control the operation of this device.

Types of ejectors at installation site

When purchasing an ejector to equip a pumping station, keep in mind that such a device can be built-in or external. The design and principle of operation of these two types of ejectors are practically no different; the differences are only in the location of their installation. Built-in ejectors can be placed inside the pump housing or mounted in close proximity to it. The built-in ejection pump has a number of advantages, which include:

minimum space required for installation;
good protection of the ejector from contamination;
there is no need to install additional filters that protect the ejector from insoluble inclusions contained in the pumped liquid.

Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that built-in ejectors demonstrate high efficiency if they are used to pump water from sources of shallow depth - up to 10 meters. Another significant disadvantage of pumping stations with built-in ejectors is that they produce quite a lot of noise during their operation, so it is recommended to locate them in a separate room or in a caisson of a water-bearing well. It should also be borne in mind that the design of an ejector of this type involves the use of a more powerful electric motor, which drives the pumping unit itself.

A remote (or external) ejector, as its name suggests, is installed at a certain distance from the pump, and it can be quite large and reach up to fifty meters. Remote-type ejectors, as a rule, are placed directly in the well and connected to the system via a recirculation pipe. Pumping station with remote ejector also requires the use of a separate storage tank. This tank is necessary to ensure that water is always available for recirculation. The presence of such a tank, in addition, makes it possible to reduce the load on the pump with a remote ejector and reduce the amount of energy required for its operation.

The use of remote-type ejectors, the efficiency of which is slightly lower than that of built-in devices, makes it possible to pump out a liquid medium from wells of considerable depth. In addition, if you make a pumping station with an external ejector, then it can not be placed in the immediate vicinity of the well, but can be mounted at a distance from the water intake source, which can be from 20 to 40 meters. It is important that the location of pumping equipment at such a significant distance from the well will not affect the efficiency of its operation.

Manufacturing an ejector and its connection to pumping equipment

Having understood what an ejector is and having studied the principle of its operation, you will understand that you can make this simple device with your own hands. Why make an ejector with your own hands if you can purchase one without any problems? It's all about saving. Finding drawings from which you can make such a device yourself does not present any particular problems, and to make it you will not need expensive consumables and complex equipment.

How to make an ejector and connect it to the pump? For this purpose you need to prepare the following components:

female tee;
union;
couplings, elbows and other fitting elements.

The ejector is manufactured according to the following algorithm.

IN bottom part The fitting is screwed into the tee, and this is done so that the narrow branch pipe of the latter is inside the tee, but does not protrude from its reverse side. The distance from the end of the narrow branch pipe of the fitting to the upper end of the tee should be about two to three millimeters. If the fitting is too long, then the end of its narrow pipe is ground off; if it is short, then it is extended using a polymer tube.
IN top part tee, which will connect to the suction line of the pump, screw in an adapter with an external thread.
A bend in the form of an angle is screwed into the lower part of the tee with the fitting already installed, which will connect to the recirculation pipe of the ejector.
A bend in the form of an angle is also screwed into the side branch pipe of the tee, to which a pipe supplying water from the well is connected using a collet clamp.

All threaded connections, carried out in the manufacture of a homemade ejector, must be sealed, which is ensured by the use of FUM tape. On the pipe through which water will be drawn from the source, a check valve and a mesh filter should be placed, which will protect the ejector from clogging. For the pipes with which the ejector will be connected to the pump and storage tank, which ensures water recirculation in the system, you can choose products made from both metal-plastic and polyethylene. In the second option, installation does not require collet clamps, but special crimping elements.

After all the required connections are made, the homemade ejector is placed in the well, and the entire pipeline system is filled with water. Only after this can the first start-up of the pumping station be carried out.

example of installation with external and internal design

A pumping station with an ejector is the basis of any autonomous water supply system. After all, it is this unit that “generates” the water supply pressure, “transporting” liquid from a deep well to the surface – to the consumer.

Moreover, the effective operation of the station is equally guaranteed by all components of its design, but only one element is responsible for the ability to transport water from a significant depth (more than 10 meters) - the ejector. Without it, the station would pump water only from a 7-meter well.

Therefore, in this article we will look at the design and manufacturing process of a homemade ejector. This information will help you increase the efficiency of your unit.

Ejector for a pumping station - design and typical types of unit

An ejector is a very important device that can increase the pressure in the supply pipeline due to the energy of the “fast” flow, which moves along a special branch.

Technically it looks like this:

The supply pipeline is connected to the left branch pipe of the T-shaped mixing chamber.
A tube through which a high-speed flow moves is connected to the lower branch pipe of the chamber. Moreover, the tube itself (and the pipe) is much thinner than the supply pipeline.
The right pipe is designed as a diffuser in which both flows (supply and high-speed) are mixed.

After mixing, due to the difference in speeds and energies, a vacuum occurs in the chamber, accelerating the movement of the liquid in the supply (left) pipeline.

Moreover, this chamber - essentially this is an ejector - can be mounted either in the same housing with the pump or separately. Accordingly, the specified installation diagram divides the range of ejectors into external and internal devices.

In this case, the performance of the pumping station is determined precisely by the location of the ejector. After all, installations with an internal ejector pump water only from 7-10 meters. And the remote ejector extracts water even from a 40-meter well.

But the energy efficiency of the pumping station will be better if it is equipped with a built-in ejector. Since a pumping station with a remote ejector demonstrates efficiency (efficiency factor) at the level of 30-35 percent.

And the built-in ejector is very noisy, while the external one operates almost silently.

Of course, these advantages and disadvantages influenced both the equipment and the choice of location of the pumping station. As a result, external ejectors are placed in deep wells, connected to powerful motors installed inside the house. Internal ejectors are connected to relatively “weak” motors (the lack of power is compensated by high efficiency), located outside the house - in an extension, and serving shallow wells.

Making your own ejector: process overview

To make an ejector on our own, we will need a set of available parts, which will include the following fittings and mating elements:

Tee - it will serve as the basis for the device being designed.
Fitting - it will be used as a conductor for high pressure flow.
Couplings and bends - with the help of these elements we will assemble the ejector and connect the resulting device to the system.

Moreover, a homemade ejector for a pumping station is assembled from the parts described above in the following order:

We take a tee whose ends are designed for threaded installation. Moreover, the threads at all ends are internal.
We screw the fitting into the lower part of the tee, with the outlet pipe facing up. That is, the base of the fitting must be screwed into the tee, placing the outlet pipe (small diameter) inside the base of the ejector. Moreover, the pipe should not stick out from the opposite end of the tee. And if it is too long, then it is ground down. Accordingly, a short fitting is extended using a polymer tube. The distance from the end of the tee to the end of the fitting should be 2-3 millimeters.
An adapter is attached to the upper part of the tee (located above the fitting), one end of which is designed with an external thread (it is screwed into the base of the future ejector), and the second is equipped as a compression fitting for a metal-plastic pipe through which water will be transported (outside the ejector) from the well.
In the lower part of the tee, where the fitting is already screwed, you need to screw in another fitting - an angle (bend), onto which the recirculation line pipe will be put on (and secured with a crimp nut). Therefore, before installation, the lower (threaded) part of the fitting is ground down to three or four threads.
A second corner is screwed into the side branch, ending with a collet clamp for installing the supply pipeline through which water flows from the source.

Threaded connections are mounted on a FUM (polymer seal). If moldings made of polyethylene are used as pipes, then instead of collet fittings for metal-plastic, crimping elements are used, designed for the effect of reverse shrinkage of polyethylene. At the same time, you can save money on the corners - pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene bend in any direction and at any angle.

After assembling the homemade ejector, it needs to be connected to the pumping station. Moreover, if the specified device is connected outside the well, we have a pumping station with an “internal” ejector. Well, if the ejector plunges straight into the shaft, “diving” under the water, then we have a pumping station with an external ejector.

And in the latter case, three pipes will have to be connected to the assembled device at once:

The first - to the side end of the tee. It should sink almost to the very bottom, and a mesh filter in a glass housing should be attached to its end. A stream flows through this pipe with (still) low pressure.
The second - to the lower end of the tee. It will be connected to the pressure line leaving the pumping station. As a result, a flow moving at high speed will appear in the ejector.
The third - to the upper end. It will be brought to the surface, connected to the suction pipe of the pump. A flow with increased pressure thanks to the ejector will flow through this pipe.

In this case, the first pipe will go completely under water, and the second and third will emerge from the water to the surface.

canalizator-pro.ru

Ejector for a pumping station - do-it-yourself assembly and installation

A deep well is an excellent engineering solution for providing water to a residential private home. Water extracted from deep layers of soil usually has a good taste and is beneficial for human health. chemical composition. Exceptions to these rules are quite rare.

Having checked the quality of life-giving moisture in the laboratory of the local sanitary and epidemiological station, the owners immediately set about arranging an autonomous water supply system. And then they face a small technical problem. How to ensure suitable pressure in the system and at the same time ensure uninterrupted water intake from a depth of more than ten meters?

Why do you need an ejector?

It is with depths of more than 10 meters that the pump has to work to supply water from drinking wells. And to solve this problem there are two popular ways:

Purchasing a more powerful and expensive unit included in the pumping station kit. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of water supply.
Assembling the ejector with your own hands and installing it on a cheaper, but quite powerful model.

In any pump, each part of the design is extremely important for quality work all equipment in general.

However, to lift moisture from depths greater than 7-10 meters, a small device called an ejector is crucial.

The ejector is a chamber-type structure designed to create a vacuum and facilitate (accelerate) the rise to the surface of the water. Manufacturers install such a chamber inside the pump or take it outside, thereby reducing the noise level of the unit.

The operating principle of the design is to install a smaller diameter pipe on the supply pipeline. Water in a narrow space is forced to move at a higher speed, creating a rarefaction area, like a magnet attracting a water flow and accelerating its further movement through the water supply.

The pipe has a T-shape. On the right side of the device there is a diffuser for mixing flows (normal and accelerated). Water enters the left side of the pipe, then mixes with the high-speed flow on the right and continues to move through the pipes.

The speed of movement is largely determined by the location of the ejector. The built-in pump is less powerful, but the remote version is the main assistant in lifting water from a depth of up to 40 meters. However, it is worth considering that built-in ejectors are more efficient in terms of the performance of the entire pumping station.

It follows from this that it is worth installing remote ejector models only after first assessing the benefits of such a pumping system.

Remote models do not have very high efficiency - up to 35%. But they also have obvious advantages in the form of silent operation and lifting water from great depths.

Experts advise adhering to the following rules:

The weak pump is equipped with a built-in ejector, which increases its efficiency, but allows it to work only with shallow wells. Such stations are installed in the utility room due to increased noise.

Powerful pumps are equipped with a remote type ejector. Such systems are designed to supply water from deep wells. A pump with a storage tank or accumulator can be installed in the house. The ejector is carried into the well.

How to do it yourself

To manufacture the device, you will need available parts in the form of mating elements and fittings:

metal tee - serves as the main part;
high pressure water conductor in the form of a fitting;
bends and couplings - elements for installing the device and connecting it to the water supply.

To seal all threaded connections, FUM tape is used - it is an easy-to-use and plastic sealant made of polymer material, vaguely reminiscent of white insulation.

If the water supply system consists of metal-plastic pipes, installation must be done using crimp elements. There is no need to purchase bends if the water pipes are made of cross-linked polyethylene - they easily bend at the desired angle.

Tools you will need:

water keys;
vice;
grinder or emery for grinding.

The work order is as follows:

Take a tee with internal thread and screw a fitting into its lower hole. The outlet pipe of the fitting is located inside the tee. Special attention is given to the dimensions of the fitting - all protruding parts are carefully ground off. Short fittings, on the contrary, are extended with polymer tubes. The required size of the part of the fitting protruding from the tee should be no more than three millimeters.
An adapter with external thread is screwed to the top of the tee. It will be located directly above the fitting. Male thread is used as a means of connecting the adapter to the tee. The opposite end of the adapter is intended for installing a water pipe using a crimp element (fitting).
A bend in the form of an angle is screwed to the lower part of the tee, which already has a fitting, onto which a narrow pipe for recirculation is subsequently attached using a crimp nut.
Another corner is screwed into the side hole of the tee, designed to connect the water supply pipe. The pipe is secured using a collet clamp.
After complete assembly, the device is connected to a pre-selected location in the water supply system, which the owner considers optimal for himself. Installation near the pump makes the homemade ejector built-in. And placing it in a well or well will mean that the device operates on the remote principle.

You definitely need to know how to choose a pumping station for a private home!

If immersion in water is practiced, three pipes are connected to the device at once:

The first sinks to the very bottom, is equipped with a mesh filter and connects to the side corner on the tee. It will take water and transport it to the ejector.
The second comes from the pumping station and connects to bottom hole. This pipe is responsible for the occurrence of high-speed flow.
The third is discharged into the water supply system and connected to the upper hole of the tee. An already accelerated water flow with increased pressure will move along it.

The second and third pipes are always on the surface, and the third goes into the water.

Operating rules

The service life of a pump or station equipped with an ejector directly depends on compliance with operating rules.

It is necessary to observe the main technical points starting from the installation of the ejector. It is necessary to correctly correlate the depth of the source and the power of the pump. And based on these parameters, decide on the installation location of the ejector.
There is no point in setting a built-in ejector to low powerful pump, which has difficulty coping with the rise of water from a deeper well or well. This engineering solution is the best choice for collecting water from irrigation tanks or shallow wells up to 10 meters.
For wells deeper than ten meters, a powerful pump with high performance is required (the ejector can be installed near the well, in a caisson chamber). And to lift water from a depth of 15 to 40 meters, it is necessary to place an ejector inside the well, lowering it into the water.
For all surface-type pumps, it is extremely important how exactly the external submersible ejector is placed. To protect the equipment from failures and extend its service life, the pipes leading to the surface from the ejector must be placed strictly vertically. If this installation rule is not followed, air may enter the pipeline, which will sharply reduce the efficiency of the system, and in the near future will cause the pump to fail.
The most productive depth is considered to be up to 20 meters. Although ejectors are traditionally lowered lower. However, the efficiency of such a water supply system will not please the owners. As the depth increases, the pump's performance deteriorates and even the most well-designed ejector is unable to help it.

Mandatory maintenance includes regular measurements of pressure in the water supply. If a special sensor is not installed, you can use a pressure gauge to measure the pressure in car tires. To do this, unscrew the protective cap on the hydraulic accumulator.

To increase the pressure in the system and ensure its efficient operation, car pump Air is pumped under the accumulator casing - between the rubber bulb and the metal body. The pressure must be monitored by a sensor - it must comply with the technical data sheet of the product.

greenologia.ru

Why is this element in the pumping station, what is the principle of operation

A pumping station with an ejector is part of a water supply system that operates in autonomous mode. The principle of operation of the ejector is that it regulates the water pressure in the pipe. In this case, water moves from the well to the surface - to the consumer.

The problem of low water pressure can be solved by installing an ejector for a pumping station

All design elements are responsible for the energy efficiency of such a station. At the same time, water supply from a depth of 10 m or more is provided only by an ejector pump. Without this device, the station pumps water only from a well, the depth of which is a maximum of 7 m.

This article talks about both the types and design of the ejector and how to create an ejector pump with your own hands.

Types and typical varieties of ejector pump

Manufacturers of water supply and wastewater equipment produce 2 types of ejection pumps:

steam - a vacuum pumping apparatus that pumps gas out of indoors and maintains a vacuum. Such a device is used in technical devices that provide water supply to consumers;
steam jet - an air ejector that uses the steam energy of a jet when pumping water, vapor or gas from an enclosed space. This device was used on river and sea vessels when pumping out water.

An ejection pump is considered a device that increases the water pressure in a pipe. In this case, ejection occurs - the use of the energy of a fast flow of water that flows through a special branch.

Configuring such equipment occurs as follows:

first, the pipe through which water flows is connected to the left chamber pipe of the mixer, which has a T-shape;
then, a tube through which a high-speed flow moves is connected to the chamber pipe located below. In this case, the tube and pipe must be thinner than the pipe through which the water flows;
further, the right pipe is used as a diffuser, in which two flows of water are mixed - liquid supply and high-speed.

After mixing both flows, a vacuum is formed in the chamber, which accelerates the movement of water in the left pipe supplying water.

The efficient operation of the station depends on all structural elements, but the transportation of water depends entirely on the ejector

Such a chamber is essentially also considered an ejector pump. It is installed either in the 1st building of the pumping station, or separately.

As a result, such an installation expands the range of ejection pumps and divides them into built-in and external.

At the same time, the energy efficiency of a pumping station depends on which ejector is installed on it.

If it is equipped with a remote rather than a built-in ejector pump, then its efficiency is 30%. In this case, a vacuum ejector is installed at the station.

At the same time, the built-in pumping station produces a lot of noise, and the external ejector operates quietly.

All advantages and disadvantages directly affect the choice of installation location for the ejector.

External ejector pumping stations are installed in a well located at great depth. They are connected to a high-power motor, which is installed indoors.

Internal pumping stations are connected to less powerful motors that are installed outside the house - where there is a shallow well (well).

Features and principle of operation of the installation

At factories producing wastewater disposal equipment, 2 types of pumping equipment are manufactured - with an internal and external ejector pump.

Devices with an internal ejection device pump out water from shallow (8 m or less) wells, reservoirs and wells.

A feature of such equipment is the presence of a “self-priming” function, as a result of which the water level is regulated, which is below the level of the inlet pipe. In this regard, before turning on the device, it is necessary to fill it with water.

Device diagram: 1- tee; 2 - fitting; 3 - vinyl chloride tube; 4 - adapter for metal-plastic pipe; 5 - NxMP angle; 6 - angle НхВ; 7 - NxMP angle

After the device is filled with water and turned on, impeller installations with an internal ejector pump send water to the inlet of the ejector, thereby forming the necessary jet. It moves through a thin tube and the water pressure becomes faster.

When a pipe is connected to the inlet pipe, water begins to flow into the station.

The water then enters a chamber which sucks up the liquid. At the same time, the water pressure becomes less and the liquid flows through the diffuser to the outlet, slightly increasing the flow speed.

A device that uses an external ejector for a pumping station differs from an internal ejection pump in that it is used only at a depth of 10 m or more.

It is also difficult to install external ejector pumps on these devices. The pipes that connect the pumping devices to each other are installed only in a vertical position. Otherwise, a lot of air will get into the inlet line and it will stop working normally.

The best option When using devices with a remote ejector, installation of the device at a depth of 20 m is considered. With increasing lifting height, its performance decreases.

As a result, the external pumping device has less efficiency than the internal one.

Self-production of an ejector

In order to make an air ejector with your own hands, you need to purchase the following set of parts, consisting of fittings and mating elements:

tee - the basis of the air ejector being designed;
fitting – conductor of high water pressure in the device;
couplings and bends - these elements are used for self-assembly of the ejector apparatus.

Connection diagram of the ejector to the operating line of the pumping station

In order to assemble an ejector for a pumping station from parts with your own hands, you must perform the following steps:

first, you should take a tee, the ends of which are used for threaded installation. In this case, the threads on its ends must be internal;
Next, a fitting should be installed on the lower part of the tee. In this case, the fitting should be attached to the tee so that the small pipe is inside the pumping apparatus. In this case, the pipe should not appear at the end, which is located on the opposite side of the tee.

If the pipe is too long, then it must be shortened and sharpened.

In the same way, the short fitting is enlarged by using a polymer tube. The distance between the ends of the tee and the fitting should be 2-3 mm;

then, on top of the tee - above the fitting, an adapter should be installed. Moreover, 1 end of the adapter must be made for an external thread (it must be installed on the base of the pumping apparatus), and the second must be installed as a crimp elbow (fitting) under a metal-plastic pipeline through which water flows from the well;
At the bottom of the tee with the fitting installed, a 2nd crimp bend is installed, onto which the recirculation line pipeline must be put on and secured with nuts. In this regard, before installing the device, you must first grind the lower part of the fitting to 3-4 threads;
Upon completion of the assembly of the homemade pumping apparatus, a second corner should be screwed into the branch on the side, at the end of which a collet clamp is installed for installing the water supply.

The connection using threads is made on seals made of polymers - fluoroplastic sealing material (FUM).

After completing the assembly of the homemade ejector pump, it is connected to the station itself.

If you install a homemade ejector outside the well, you will end up with a station with a built-in ejection device.

If the ejector device is installed in a shaft in which it is covered with water, you will get a station with an external ejection device.

WATCH THE VIDEO

When installing such a homemade device, 3 pipes should be simultaneously connected to the tee:

1st - to the end, which is located on the side of the tee. The pipe is lowered to the bottom, and a filter with a mesh is installed at its end. A small pressure of water begins to flow through such a pipe;
2nd - to the end, which is located at the bottom of the tee. It is connected to the pressure line that leaves the station. As a result, the water flow rate in the ejector pump begins to increase;
3rd - to the end, which is located on top of the tee. It is brought to the surface and connected to a pipe that sucks in water. Through such a pipe, water will flow with even greater pressure.

As a result, the first pipe will be under water, and the second and third will be on the surface of the water liquid.

The price of an ejector for a pumping station ranges from 16-18,000 rubles. and depends on its technical characteristics.

trubexpert.ru

operating principle and installation rules

The diagram shows the structure of the external ejector: 1- tee; 2 - fitting; 3 - adapter for water pipe; 4, 5, 6 - corners

This will ensure constant acceleration of the flow. Pumping equipment will require less energy to transport water to the surface. As a result, its efficiency will increase, as will the depth from which water can be drawn.

Part of the water extracted in this way is again sent through the recirculation pipe to the ejector, and the rest enters the water supply system of the house. The presence of an ejector has another “plus”. It sucks up water on its own, which additionally protects the pump from running idle, i.e. from the “dry running” situation, which is dangerous for all surface pumps.

To regulate the operation of the ejector, use a regular tap. It is installed on a recirculation pipe, through which water from the pump is directed to the ejector nozzle. Using a tap, the amount of water entering the ejector can be reduced or increased, thereby reducing or increasing the rate of return flow.

Depending on the installation location, there are remote and built-in ejectors. There is no big difference in the design features of these devices, but the location of the ejector still affects in some way both the installation of the pumping station and its operation. So, built-in ejectors are usually placed inside the pump housing or in close proximity to it.

As a result, the ejector takes up minimal space and does not have to be installed separately; it is enough to carry out the usual installation of the pumping station or the pump itself. In addition, the ejector located in the housing is reliably protected from contamination. Vacuum and reverse water intake are carried out directly in the pump housing. There is no need to install additional filters to protect the ejector from clogging with sludge particles or sand.

A remote ejector for a pumping station is more difficult to install than an internal model, but this option creates a much less noise effect

However, it should be remembered that maximum efficiency This model demonstrates at shallow depths, up to 10 meters. Pumps with a built-in ejector are designed for such relatively shallow sources; their advantage is that they provide excellent pressure of incoming water.

As a result, these characteristics are sufficient to use water not only for household needs, but also for watering or performing other business transactions. Another problem - increased level noise, since the sound effect of water passing through the ejector is added to the vibration of the operating pump.

If you decide to install a pump with a built-in ejector, you will have to take special care of sound insulation. It is recommended to install pumps or pumping stations with a built-in ejector outside the house, for example, in a separate building or in a well caisson. The electric motor for a pump with an ejector must be more powerful than for a similar model without an ejector.

An external or external ejector is installed at a certain distance from the pump, and this distance can be quite significant: 20-40 meters, some experts even consider 50 meters acceptable. Thus, a remote ejector can be placed directly in a water source, for example, in a well.

The external ejector does not so much increase the pump’s performance as it is designed to increase the depth of water intake from the source, which can reach 20-45 m

Of course, the noise from the operation of an ejector installed deep underground will no longer disturb the residents of the house. However, this type of device must be connected to the system using a recirculation pipe through which the water will return to the ejector. The greater the installation depth of the device, the longer the pipe will have to be lowered into the well or well.

It is better to provide for the presence of another pipe in the well at the design stage of the device. Connecting a remote ejector also involves installing a separate storage tank from which water will be drawn for recirculation.

Such a tank allows you to reduce the load on the surface pump, saving some energy. It is worth noting that the operating efficiency of the external ejector is somewhat lower than that of models built into the pump, however, the ability to significantly increase the intake depth makes one come to terms with this drawback.

When using an external ejector, there is no need to place the pumping station directly near the water source. It can be installed in the basement of a residential building. The distance to the source can vary within 20-40 meters; this will not affect the performance of the pumping equipment.

Ejector installation procedure

As already mentioned, installing an ejector built into the pump does not cause any particular problems, since the device is already located in the device body. The surface pump is simply connected to the water supply hose on one side, and also to the water supply system on the other side.

If it is used as part of a pumping station, then the pump is connected to the hydraulic accumulator through a special fitting with five outputs. In addition, the pump will need to be connected to the contacts of the pressure switch to ensure that it turns on and off automatically.

This diagram clearly shows the procedure for connecting a remote ejector to a pumping station, indicating the installation locations of all necessary components

Before turning on the surface pump, it must be filled with water through the filling hole provided for this purpose. You cannot turn on such equipment without water, it may burn. If the pump is installed correctly, the ejector will operate without interruption.

But the installation of a remote ejector is carried out at more complex scheme. First, you will need to install a pipe that will ensure the return flow of water from the storage tank to the ejector. A check valve is installed on the suction section of the ejector. A mesh filter should be placed behind it to protect the device from clogging.

An adjustment valve must be installed on top of the recirculation pipe to regulate the amount of water that is directed to the ejector. This unit is not mandatory, but can significantly improve the situation with water pressure in the house. The less water is returned to the ejector, the more of it will be left for the home's plumbing system.

This way you can influence the water pressure in the water supply. If it is insufficient, you should slightly tighten the adjusting valve on the return line. If the pressure is too high and creates unnecessary stress on the plumbing system, it makes sense to direct more water to the ejector in order to increase the efficiency of the pumping equipment.

Some industrial models of ejectors are already equipped with such an adjustment system. The instructions that come with the device usually describe in detail how to configure the ejector.

Connecting a homemade ejector

Connect the lower part of the tee to the fitting so that the outlet pipe is at the top, and the fitting with a smaller diameter is inside the ejector.
Then you need to modify the design by cutting off the narrow part of the fitting if it protrudes from the tee.
If the fitting is too short, it is extended using a polymer tube.
An adapter with an external thread is screwed onto the top side of the tee.
Connect to the other end of the adapter using a fitting water pipe PVC.
Now, a bend in the form of an angle should be attached to the lower side of the tee, into which a narrow fitting is already inserted.
A pipe is connected to this outlet, through which the reverse flow of water will flow to the ejector.
Another corner is attached to the side pipe of the tee.
A pipe is attached to this corner using a collet clamp; water will be sucked through it from a well, well, etc.

The distance between the edge of the tee and the fitting should be approximately 2-3 mm. This will ensure the creation of a vacuum region with necessary characteristics. To secure the recirculation pipe, use a crimp nut.

It turns out that two elements are simultaneously connected to the internal thread of the lower branch pipe of the tee. One of them (fitting) is located inside the tee, and the second (corner) is outside. In order for both of them to fit on one threaded connection, part of the thread of the fitting should be cut off.

Of course, all threaded connections must be sealed and sealed. Most often, FUM tape is used for this. Sometimes, to connect the ejector to the pumping station, they do not use metal-plastic pipes, and the structures are made of polyethylene. To install them, you should use special crimping elements, and collet clamps, which are good for metal-plastic, are not suitable in this situation.

All threaded connections of the ejector should be carefully sealed and sealed, for example, using FUM tape or other suitable material

You should think in advance about which pipes the remote ejector will be connected to. Polyethylene structures bend well when heated, which makes it possible to do without corners when connecting the ejector. The pipe is simply bent in a suitable place and at the desired angle, and then attached to the ejector.

So, the device has three outputs, to each of which a corresponding pipe should be connected. First, a pipe is usually installed through which water will be drawn from the source. It connects to the side outlet of the ejector.

At the end of this pipe mandatory a check valve is installed, as well as a strainer. This pipe must be long enough to reach deep into the water. But you should not take water from the very bottom of the source, as this can lead to clogging of the ejector, even despite the presence of a filter.

You can then attach the pipe to the lower end of the ejector, which has a tapered fitting. This is the pipeline through which water is recycled. The second end of this pipe should be connected to a container from which water will be drawn to create a return flow.

The third pipe is a regular water main. One end of it is mounted on the upper pipe of the ejector, and the other is connected to the surface pump. It should be remembered that the diameter of the pipe through which water is drawn from the source must exceed the size of the pipe through which water is supplied to the ejector.

If used in the feed inch pipe, then for suction it is recommended to take a pipe a quarter inch larger. After all connections are made, the ejector is lowered into the water. Before starting the system for the first time, it must be filled with water. The pump is primed through a special hole. The pipes leading to the ejector must also be filled with water.

Pour water into the pump through the special hole.
Turn off the tap through which water flows from the pumping station to the water supply system.
Turn on the pump for about 10-20 seconds and turn it off immediately.
Open the tap and bleed some of the air from the system.
Repeat the cycle of short-term pump on/off in combination with bleeding air until the pipes are filled with water.
Turn on the pump again.
Wait until the accumulator is filled and automatic shutdown pump
Open any water tap.
Wait until the water flows out of the accumulator and the pump turns on automatically.

If water does not flow when starting up a system with an ejector, it is possible that air is somehow leaking into the pipes, or the initial filling with water was not performed correctly. It makes sense to check the presence and condition of the check valve. If it is not there, the water will simply pour into the well, and the pipes will remain empty.

These points should also be taken into account when using a pumping station with an ejector, which is started after long-term storage. It is best to check the check valve, the integrity of the pipes and the tightness of the connections immediately.

The lower pipe of the ejector, through which water is drawn, should be protected from contamination using a coarse strainer.

If everything is in order, but water does not flow, you need to check the voltage supplied to the pumping station. If it is too low, the pump simply cannot operate at full capacity. You should establish a normal power supply to the equipment, and the problem will disappear.

If an ejector is needed to improve the water pressure in the system, and not to increase the depth of water intake, you can use the homemade ejector model described above. But it does not need to be immersed in water; it can be placed in a convenient place near the surface pump. In this case, the ejector will work approximately the same as the built-in industrial production model.

Useful video on ejectors

This video discusses in detail the issue of the suction depth of a surface pump and options for solving the problem using an ejector:

The principle of operation of the ejector is clearly demonstrated here:

DIY decorative fountain for an apartment

What is an ejector and how does it work?

The essence of the operation of this unit is to throw a jet of liquid accelerated to high speed into the pipeline or working chamber of the pump. Moreover, acceleration is carried out by passing through a smoothly tapering section. Due to the difference in the speed of movement of the main flow and the mixed jet, a vacuum region is created in the chamber of the unit, which increases the suction force in the pipeline.

Ejector pump - operating principle and expected benefits

Modern ejectors accelerate the pressure in the pipeline, consuming about 12 percent of the volume of the pumped flow. That is, if 1000 liters per hour flows through the pipe, then for the ejector to operate effectively, a discharge of 120 l/hour will be required.

The pump supports the following operating principle of the ejector:

An outlet is cut into the pipe behind the pump.
Water from this outlet is supplied to the circulation pipe of the ejector.
The suction pipe of the ejector is connected to a pipe lowered into the well, and the pressure pipe is connected to the entrance to the working chamber of the pump.
A check valve must be installed on the pipe lowered into the well, blocking the downward movement of water.
The flow supplied to the circulation pipe moves at high speed, creating a vacuum in the suction zone of the ejector. Under the influence of this vacuum, the suction force (water lift) and the pressure in the pipeline connected to the pump increase.

Types of ejectors - classification by location

The ejector, the operating principle of which we described above, is mounted only on surface pumps. Moreover, there are two installation schemes:

Internal placement is where the ejector is built into the pump casing or somewhere nearby.
External placement - in this case, the ejector is mounted in a well, where, in addition to the main pipeline, a circulation branch is also installed.

The internal ejector for the pump provides a 100% guarantee of safe operation of the ejector. In this case, it is protected from silting and mechanical damage. In addition, internal installation reduces the length of the circulation pipeline. The biggest drawback of this scheme is the slight increase in suction depth. An internal ejector - what it is and what benefits it provides, we have already explained above - allows a surface pump to pump water only from a depth of 9-10 meters. You can’t even dream of 15-40 meters here. You will also be haunted by the sound of water beating, propagated by the housing of the built-in equipment.

An external ejector promises benefits such as virtually silent operation (the source of the beating is located in the well) and the generation of significant vacuum, sufficient to lift water from a well up to 45 meters deep. The annoying disadvantages of this scheme include, firstly, a drop in the efficiency of pressure equipment by about a third, and secondly, the need to install primary filters that regulate the flow frequency (such a unit is afraid of silting).

However, if you are planning to construct an ejector with your own hands, then the most affordable option would be the external unit. This is what we will consider below in the text.

Self-production: step-by-step instructions

The complete list of parts for a homemade ejector is as follows:

A fitting with an external thread and a brush for installing hoses. It will act as a nozzle from which a high-speed stream of water is ejected.
A tee with an internal thread, the diameter of which must match the external thread of the fitting. This element will be used as a body.
Three angles with threaded and collet ends. With their help, you can streamline the laying of circulation, suction and pressure pipelines.
Two or three collet or crimp fittings, which are used to connect pipelines. Moreover, the latter option requires the use of an additional tool - a crimp wrench

Secrets of success - how to increase the efficiency of a homemade design

Ejector - what is it? This question often arises among owners of country houses and dachas in the process of arranging an autonomous water supply system. The source of water entering such a system, as a rule, is a pre-drilled well or well, the liquid from which must not only be raised to the surface, but also transported through a pipeline. To solve such problems, a whole technical complex is used, consisting of a pump, a set of sensors, filters and a water ejector, installed if liquid from the source needs to be pumped out from a depth of more than ten meters.

In what cases is an ejector needed?

Overview and operation of a pumping station with an external ejector

Types of ejector devices

According to their design and operating principle, ejector pumps can belong to one of the following categories.

Steam

Steam jet

In such devices, the energy of a steam jet is used to suck gaseous or liquid media from a confined space. The operating principle of this type of ejector is that steam escaping from the nozzle of the installation at high speed carries with it the transported medium exiting through an annular channel located around the nozzle. Ejector pumping stations of this type are used primarily for rapid pumping of water from the premises of ships for various purposes.

Gas

Design features and principle of operation

The design elements of the remote ejector for the pump are:

a chamber into which the pumped medium is sucked;
mixing unit;
diffuser;
a nozzle whose cross-section tapers.

So, the operating principle of a pumping station equipped with an ejector device is as follows:

The liquid medium pumped by the ejector unit enters the latter through a nozzle, the cross-section of which is smaller than the diameter of the inlet line.
Passing into the mixer chamber through a nozzle with a decreasing diameter, the flow of the liquid medium acquires a noticeable acceleration, which contributes to the formation of an area with reduced pressure in such a chamber.
Due to the occurrence of a vacuum effect in the ejector mixer, a liquid medium under higher pressure is sucked into the chamber.

The design of a pumping station with an ejector includes a tap installed on the recirculation pipe. Using such a valve, which regulates the flow of liquid flowing to the ejector nozzle, you can control the operation of this device.

Types of ejectors at installation site

minimum space required for installation;
good protection of the ejector from contamination;
there is no need to install additional filters that protect the ejector from insoluble inclusions contained in the pumped liquid.

A remote (or external) ejector, as its name suggests, is installed at a certain distance from the pump, and it can be quite large and reach up to fifty meters. Remote-type ejectors, as a rule, are placed directly in the well and connected to the system via a recirculation pipe. A pumping station with a remote ejector also requires the use of a separate storage tank. This tank is necessary to ensure that water is always available for recirculation. The presence of such a tank, in addition, makes it possible to reduce the load on the pump with a remote ejector and reduce the amount of energy required for its operation.

Manufacturing an ejector and its connection to pumping equipment

Having understood what an ejector is and having studied the principle of its operation, you will understand that you can make this simple device with your own hands. Why make an ejector with your own hands if you can purchase one without any problems? It's all about saving. Finding drawings from which you can make such a device yourself does not present any particular problems, and to make it you do not need expensive consumables and complex equipment.

How to make an ejector and connect it to the pump? For this purpose you need to prepare the following components:

female tee;
union;
couplings, elbows and other fitting elements.

The ejector is manufactured according to the following algorithm.

A fitting is screwed into the lower part of the tee, and this is done so that the narrow branch pipe of the latter is inside the tee, but does not protrude from its reverse side. The distance from the end of the narrow branch pipe of the fitting to the upper end of the tee should be about two to three millimeters. If the fitting is too long, then the end of its narrow pipe is ground off; if it is short, then it is extended using a polymer tube.
An adapter with an external thread is screwed into the upper part of the tee, which will connect to the suction line of the pump.
A bend in the form of an angle is screwed into the lower part of the tee with the fitting already installed, which will connect to the recirculation pipe of the ejector.
A bend in the form of an angle is also screwed into the side branch pipe of the tee, to which a pipe supplying water from the well is connected using a collet clamp.

All threaded connections made during the manufacture of a homemade ejector must be sealed, which is ensured by the use of FUM tape. On the pipe through which water will be drawn from the source, a check valve and a mesh filter should be placed, which will protect the ejector from clogging. For the pipes with which the ejector will be connected to the pump and storage tank, which ensures water recirculation in the system, you can choose products made from both metal-plastic and polyethylene. In the second option, installation does not require collet clamps, but special crimping elements.

Almost anywhere private house or a cottage can be equipped autonomous water supply from a borehole or well. Typically, a pump is used to pump water. If the depth of the aquifer is less than 7 meters, then there will be no problems with choosing a pump. You can choose any unit of suitable power and performance. However, such products will not be able to lift water from deeper hydraulic structures. To lift water from great depths, it is necessary to use an ejector for a pumping station.

To understand why a pump ejector is needed, let’s imagine that we ourselves will improve a conventional submersible pump for lifting water from great depths. Certain limitations for the operation of a conventional pumping station will be created by water pressure, atmospheric pressure and the strength of the structural parts of the pump. During the modification, a conventional submersible pump will become much heavier and its dimensions will increase. As a result, such a unit will simply become difficult to operate. In addition, the amount of electricity consumed will increase significantly.

To avoid such problems, it is necessary to use additional parts to facilitate pumping water to a considerable height. It is the ejector that pushes the water towards the surface and facilitates its rise. This is a fairly simple device that you can install yourself.

Operating principle

To understand what an ejector is and to know its operating principle, it is necessary to study the purpose of the main components of the device. It consists of the following structural parts:

A pipe with a narrow end called a nozzle. The water flowing through the nozzle acquires great acceleration and leaves this device at high speed. What is this for? The thing is that the flow of water at high speed does not exert such great pressure on the surrounding planes.
Mixing device. Water from the nozzle enters this device. Here there is a significant discharge of the entire volume of liquid.
Suction container. Under the influence of vacuum in the mixer, water from the well begins to flow into the suction chamber. After this, the mixed flow of liquid enters the next element - the diffuser.
Diffuser. From this part of the structure, the liquid moves further through the pipeline.

You can install the ejector yourself. It is mounted in a pipeline laid from the well to the pumping device. The principle of operation of the unit is such that part of the liquid raised to the surface is lowered back into the hydraulic structure to the ejector. Thus, a recirculation line is formed. During such work, water bursts out of the nozzle at a powerful speed and carries some of the liquid out of the well, creating additional vacuum in the pipes. Thanks to this operating principle, pumping equipment spends much less power lifting water from great depths.

To regulate the volume of liquid returning back to the system, a special valve is installed on the recirculation line. Thanks to it, you can regulate the efficiency of the entire system.

It is important to know: part of the water that is not used in the recirculation system goes to the consumer. It is by these volumes that the productivity of pumping equipment is judged.

Advantages of ejector type pumps:

there is no need to choose a unit with a powerful engine;
the pumping part will not be so massive;
this will ensure lower energy consumption and longer operation of pumping equipment;
thanks to the ejector, it is easier to start all pumping equipment, since a small amount of water creates a sufficient vacuum in the pipes.

Features and types of design

There are two types of ejector type pump:

with external ejector location;
with internal (built-in) ejector location.

The choice of one or another type of ejector layout is determined by the requirements for pumping equipment. To suck air from different containers, another type of such units is used - an air ejector. It has a slightly different operating principle. In our article we will study devices to facilitate pumping water.

Internal ejector

Pumping equipment with a built-in ejector has more compact dimensions. In addition, the creation of liquid pressure and its intake for recirculation occurs inside the pumping equipment. This pump uses a more powerful motor that can recirculate liquid.

The advantages of this design solution:

the unit is not sensitive to heavy impurities in water (silt and sand);
the water entering the equipment does not need to be filtered;
the device is suitable for lifting water from a depth of no more than 8 m;
Such pumping equipment provides sufficient liquid pressure for domestic needs.

Among the disadvantages it is worth noting the following:

this pump makes a lot of noise during operation;
To install such a unit, it is better to choose a place away from the house and build a special room.

External ejector

To perform outdoor installation ejector, next to the pumping equipment, it is necessary to equip a tank into which water should be collected. In this container the working pressure and the necessary vacuum will be created to facilitate the functioning of the pumping equipment. The ejector device itself is connected to that part of the pipeline that is immersed in the well. In this regard, there are restrictions on the diameter of the pipeline.

Advantages of a remote ejector:

thanks to this design, it is possible to lift water from a significant depth (up to 50 m);
it is possible to reduce the noise from the operation of pumping equipment;
such a structure can be placed directly in the basement of the house;
without reducing the efficiency of the pumping station, the ejector can be placed at a distance of 20-40 m from the well;
Due to the fact that all the necessary equipment is in one place, it is easier to carry out repairs and commissioning work, which contributes to a longer service life of the entire system.

Disadvantages of the external location of the ejector device:

system performance is reduced by 30-35 percent;
restrictions in the choice of pipeline diameter.

How to connect?

As a rule, the installation of pumping equipment with a built-in ejector is no different from the traditional installation of a conventional pump. To do this, it is enough to connect the pump inlet pipe to the pipeline coming from the well. A pressure line is also installed, a hydraulic accumulator and the necessary automation are installed.

In systems with an external ejector, the equipment is connected in the following sequence:

To ensure recirculation, it is necessary to lay an additional pipeline from the inlet pipe of the ejector device to the pressure line of the pumping equipment.
A pipe with check valve, on which a coarse filter is installed for pumping liquid from a hydraulic structure.

If required, a control valve is installed in the recirculation pipeline. Such an additional device is simply necessary for wells in which the water level is above the design level of the liquid for pumping equipment. Thanks to this valve, it is possible to reduce the pressure in the ejector and cause an increase in pressure in the water supply system. Some models are equipped with a built-in control valve.

It’s worth knowing: usually the adjustment method and location of the valve are specified in the instructions supplied with the unit.