Oge for society trial version. Collection of ideal social studies essays
Yeah, and there are a bunch of different services that allow you to do a self-check on decision of the OGE. It’s good to check on Rambler.Class and then go through. They even give grades on a five-point or hundred-point system.
There are a lot of topics you can test yourself on:
1. Society as a form of human life
2. Biological and social in man; personality; human activity and its main forms (work, play, learning)
3. Society and man (task to address social realities)
4. Society and man (task to analyze two judgments)
5. The sphere of spiritual culture and its features; science in life modern society
6. The sphere of spiritual culture (task to analyze two judgments)
7. Economics, its role in the life of society; goods and services, resources and needs, limited resources; economic systems and property
8. Entrepreneurship; small business and individual labor activity
9. Economic sphere of society (task to address social realities)
10. Economic sphere of society (task to analyze two judgments)
11. Social structure of society; family like small group; variety of social roles in adolescence
12. Social sphere (task to address social realities)
13. Social sphere (task to analyze two judgments)
14. Power; the role of politics in the life of society; concept and characteristics of the state; separation of powers
15. Sphere of politics and social management (task to address social realities)
16. Sphere of politics and social management (task to analyze two judgments)
17. Law, its role in the life of society and the state; rule of law; regulatory legal act; signs and types of offenses
18. Constitution of the Russian Federation; foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation; federal structure of Russia; organs state power RF
19. The concept of legal relations; the right to work and labor relations; employment of minors; family legal relations
20. Law (task to analyze two judgments)
21. Various contents in different options: the task is focused on the skill being tested (comparison task)
22. Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (task to establish correspondence)
23. Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (task to establish facts and opinions)
24. Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (the task is to select the correct positions from a list)
25. Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (the task is to select the correct positions from a list)
26 Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (tasks to analyze sources)
27 Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (tasks to analyze sources)
28 Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (tasks to analyze sources)
29 Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (tasks to analyze sources)
30 Different content in different versions: the task is focused on the skill being tested (tasks to analyze sources)
Practice, solve the OGE 2017 and good luck at the OGE 2018!
You are asked to take a social studies practice test on the topic "Right" for the course of grades 9–11: 29 tasks with a choice of one correct answer. If the answer is incorrect, a message is displayed. If the answer is correct, the next question is asked.
After completing the test, the number of errors is counted and a grade is assigned (two errors are allowed for an “A”).
To pass practice test JavaScript must be enabled in the browser! (disabled by default in Internet Explorer).
Attention! Every mouse click on an answer option counts as an attempt!
Citizen P. drew up a power of attorney for his son to use his car. This situation illustrates the legal relationship
The Russian Federation guarantees to all its peoples the right
Has the highest legal force on the territory of Russia
What distinguishes a legal norm from all other social norms?
The body that resolves property disputes between enterprises, institutions, organizations and protects their violated rights is
Constitutional law governs
Law enforcement agencies include
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the President has the right to preside over meetings
The principle of democratic justice is
Are the following judgments about legal relations correct?
A. One of the signs of legal relations is that they always arise in connection with the requirements of the law and are regulated by them.
B. A sign of legal relations is that they presuppose the existence of rights and obligations among their participants.
Are the following judgments about legal facts correct?
A. Inaction may be a legal fact.
B. Lawful actions comply with the requirements of the law.
A. Deputy factions in the State Duma of the Russian Federation have the right of legislative initiative.
B. Every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right of legislative initiative, both individually and in association with other citizens.
For what offense does criminal liability begin at the age of 14?
Expressed in state acts, protected by the state and mandatory rule behavior is called
A distinctive feature of a legal norm is
Which of the following rights is established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation?
Are the following statements about labor relations correct?
A. For the establishment of an employment relationship, a conclusion is always necessary fixed-term contract between employer and employee.
B. The subjects of labor relations are the employee and the employer.
Document confirming legal status personality, the order of organization and the competence of government and management bodies in the center and locally, is
Which of the following rights can a citizen of the Russian Federation exercise only upon achieving full legal capacity?
Are the following judgments about legal norms correct?
A. Legal norms existing in a society must reflect its socio-economic development.
B. Laws may contradict the morality prevailing in society.
Which statement correctly characterizes the relationship between the Constitution and regulations?
The initiative group nominated a 34-year-old citizen of S. of Catholic faith, a doctor by profession, who has been permanently residing in the country for 11 years, as a candidate for the post of President of the Russian Federation. However election commission refused to register this candidacy. Reason for refusal - non-compliance
On December 30, 2004, the chief specialist of the trade department of the city administration imposed a fine of 10,000 rubles on citizen P. for trading without a license. Where should citizen P. go to appeal this decision?
Are the following judgments about the sources of law correct?
A. All rules of law contained in the Constitution of the Russian Federation are detailed and developed in laws and regulations.
B. Only the President of the Russian Federation has the right to issue by-laws included in the legislative system.
Are the following judgments about the right of legislative initiative correct?
A.Deputy factions in the State Duma of the Russian Federation have the right of legislative initiative.
B. Every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right of legislative initiative.
What source of law secured the name of the state of the Russian Federation - Russia?
Are the following judgments about Russian legal proceedings correct?
A. In Russia, any legal process is open.
B. Transparency and openness of the judicial system is one of the signs of a democratic state.
Violation of industrial safety regulations and violation of fishing rules include
Establishment monetary unit of the Russian Federation and the determination of the powers of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation relate
Compiled by: V. V. Babanakov
© Programming: Vladimir Sokolov, 2013 When copying materials, a direct indexed link to this page is required
The 2019 state final certification in social studies (society) for graduates of the 9th grade of general education institutions is carried out to assess the level of general education training of graduates in this discipline. The tasks test the following skills and methods of action within the discipline of social science:
- Describe the main social objects, highlighting their essential features; man as a socially active being; main social roles.
- Compare social objects, judgments about society and people; identify them common features and differences.
- Explain the relationships between the studied social objects (including interactions between society and nature, man and society, spheres public life, citizen and state.
- Give examples of social objects of a certain type, social relations; situations regulated various types social norms; activities of people in various fields.
- Evaluate people's behavior from the point of view of social norms and economic rationality.
- Solve cognitive and practical problems within the framework of the studied material, reflecting typical situations in various spheres of human activity.
- Search for social information on a given topic from its various media (media materials, educational text and other adapted sources).
| Dates for passing the OGE in social studies (society) 2019: May 30 (Thursday), June 4 (Tuesday). |
There are no changes in the structure and content of the 2019 examination paper compared to 2018. |
Standard OGE test(GIA-9) format of 2019 in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current exam structure, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the website administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. For tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we have significantly increased the number of answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2019 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current exam structure, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the website administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. For tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we have significantly increased the number of answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2018 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current exam structure, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the website administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. For tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we have significantly increased the number of answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2018 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2018 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2018 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2017 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2016 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2016 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2016 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2016 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2015 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2015 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2015 format in social studies contains two parts. The first part contains 25 tasks with a short answer, the second part contains 6 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (the first 25 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current structure of the exam, among these 25 tasks, answer options are offered in only 20. However, for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, we decided to significantly increase the number of these answer options in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.
When completing tasks A1-A20, select only one correct option.
When completing tasks A1-A20, choose only one correct option.
Option 1. Social studies 9th grade
The answer to tasks 1–20 is one number that corresponds
number of the correct answer. Write this number in the answer field
in the text of the work, and then transfer it to ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of
number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell.
- Society in the broad sense of the word means...
1) natural human habitat
2) a group of people united by common interests
3) stage historical development people
4) all humanity in the past, present and future
- Political problems of the development of society include...
1) the threat of international terrorism
2) decreased interest among young people in reading books
3) rising inflation
4) distribution of drugs among young people
- What feature distinguishes traditional economics?
1) prosperity of factory production
2) centralized pricing
3) regulation of production through customs
4) the predominance of private ownership of the means of production
- There are several meanings of the concept “economy”. What illustrates economics as a science?
1) sale of farm products
2) identifying factors of growth in demand for services
3) provision of household services to the population
4) exchange trading in shares of enterprises
- Peculiarity scientific knowledge is that it
2) based on artistic images
3) always applies in real life
4) strives for objectivity
- Vladimir is in 6th grade secondary school. He enjoys aircraft modeling and horse riding. What level of education is Vladimir at?
1) primary education
2) basic general education
3) complete (secondary) education
4) secondary vocational education
- The master sought perfect combination shades of red, gold, brown and other colors, trying to convey beauty autumn forest. This is an example of activity in the field
1) science
2) art
3) religion
4) knowledge
8. Are the following statements about limited resources true?
A. The problem of limited resources can be completely solved
modern science.
B. Limited resources are associated with the growing needs of society.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
- Which social role can be performed by both teenagers and adults?
1) consumer
2) voter
3) high school student
4) driver
10. In medieval Europe there was a proverb: the one who is not the master of his wife is not worthy to be a man. It reflects family relationships
1) patriarchal
2) democratic
3) incomplete
4) affiliate
- As a result economic activity human entry into the atmosphere has increased harmful substances. All this negatively affects the state of nature and human health. An illustration of which global problems is this a fact?
1) demographic
2) military
3) economic
4) environmental
- An administrative offense is
1) ticketless travel on the bus
2) non-payment of alimony
3) refusal to repay a debt to a neighbor
4) late for school
13. Not preparing for test work in mathematics, two 11th grade students decided to disrupt its implementation. They called the police, reporting that there was a bomb at the school. Student actions are
1) civil offense
2) a crime
3) administrative offense
4) disciplinary violation
14. What branch of law establishes the foundations of the political system?
1) administrative
2) constitutional
3) civil
4) criminal
15. Which of the following characterizes a democratic regime?
1) the supremacy of the executive branch
2) command-administrative management methods
3) the dominance of one universally binding ideology
4) protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens
16. Are the following judgments about legal liability true?
A. Legal responsibility is intended to restore the violated rights of citizens affected by the offense.
B. Legal responsibility is expressed in the fact that measures of state coercion are applied to a person whose guilt has been proven.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
17. Are the following judgments about the Constitution true? Russian Federation?
A. The Constitution of the Russian Federation has the highest legal force.
B. The Constitution is a set of laws of the Russian Federation.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
18. Are the following statements about civil society true?
A. Civil society includes initiative associations and organizations of the population.
B. In democratic countries, civil society acts as a partner of the state in resolving public affairs.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
19. Are the following judgments about politics true?
A. Politics acts as a regulator of the life of society.
B. Politics is about power relations.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
20. Are the following judgments about political parties true?
A. Political parties bring together people with similar views on social problems.
B. A democratic regime is characterized by a multi-party system.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
The answer to tasks 21–25 is a sequence of numbers.
Write your answers in the answer fields in the text of the work, and then transfer
in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the numbers of the corresponding tasks,
starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and others
additional characters. Write each number in a separate
box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
21. Schoolboy Ivan is preparing for a chemistry exam, and his brother is playing with a model railway. Compare the two forms (types) of activity mentioned in the task conditions: study and play.
Select and write in the first column of the table serial numbers features of similarity, and in the second column - serial numbers of features of difference:
1) compliance with certain norms and rules;
2) creating an imaginary environment;
3) use of various objects;
4) purposeful acquisition of knowledge.
22. Read the text below, each position of which is marked with a letter.
(A) Sociological scientists conducted a survey among city residents: “How do you and your family participate in preserving the natural environment?” (B) For many people, preserving the natural environment is associated with landscaping their settlement and cleaning parks of trash. (B) Unfortunately, only a few city residents use economical household electrical appliances and sort household waste.
Determine which provisions of the text:
1) reflect the facts;
2) express opinions.
Write down in the table the numbers indicating the nature of the relevant provisions.
23. Establish a correspondence between the examples and the functions of the state that they illustrate: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.
EXAMPLES | FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE |
A) ensuring law and order | 1) external |
B) the president signing a treaty of friendship and cooperation with the head of a neighboring state | 2) Internal |
C) government development of a long-term program economic development countries | |
D) participation of the army in military exercises jointly with the army of another state | |
D) government funding for the construction of roads and railways |
Write down the selected numbers under the corresponding letters in the answer line.
24 . In countries Z and Y, one of the public opinion research foundations conducted a survey among adult citizens: “Do you trust law enforcement agencies?”
The results obtained (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are presented in the table.
The survey results, reflected in the table, were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly follows from the information obtained during the survey?
Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) In country Z, the activities of law enforcement agencies are controlled by civil society institutions.
2) It would be advisable for the government of country Z to organize more detailed media coverage of the activities of law enforcement agencies.
3) In countries Y and Z, reforms of law enforcement agencies and the judicial system are being carried out with varying degrees of success.
4) In country Z, compared to country Y, there are more favorable conditions for the development of the rule of law.
5) The government of country Y should identify and prosecute law enforcement officers who violate the law.
25. Find in the list the conclusions that can be drawn based on the table and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Among those surveyed in country Z, the proportion of those who do not trust law enforcement agencies is greater than the proportion of those who treat them with concern.
2) Among respondents in country Y, the total share of those who trust law enforcement agencies is less than the share of those who treat them with concern.
3) The share of those who trust law enforcement agencies, because they employ real professionals, is higher in country Y than in country Z.
4) In country Z, only a quarter of respondents trust law enforcement agencies because they protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens.
5) Equal shares of respondents in country Y do not trust law enforcement agencies and are wary of them.
Read the text and complete tasks 26–31.
A key element of democracy is the full rights of citizens.
The common definition of democracy reduces it to regular elections held on a fair basis with strict vote counting. Although periodic elections are very important for a democratic system, they merely allow citizens to choose one of the policies proposed political parties. In the period between elections, citizens can influence public policy through other institutions: interest associations, social movements, trade unions, etc. All these forms are components democratic practice.
Another generally accepted indicator of democracy is the rule of the majority. Any governing body that makes decisions by a relative majority of votes is democratic - whether we are talking about constituency, about parliament, committee, city council or party meeting.
However, a problem arises here too. What if the legally elected majority regularly discriminates against a minority (for example, a cultural or ethnic group)? In such cases, successful democracies usually combine the principle of majority rule with the protection of minority rights.
Democratic freedoms should also contribute to the development of the collective consciousness of citizens, their understanding of common needs and decision-making - without relying on any rulers. Carriers of various social statuses and interests, remaining independent from the state, and perhaps from parties, not only limit the arbitrariness of power, but also form what in modern political science research is called “civil society”, a new, best type citizens - more informed, more social in mentality, ready to make sacrifices for the common good.
(According to T. Karl, F. Schmitter)
- Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
27. What elements (indicators) of democracy are named in the text (name any two elements (indicators)?
29. Based on the text and social science knowledge, explain the meaning of the concept “civil society”. Give two examples of the activities of civil society organizations.
1324 |
|
245. |
1. In the correct answer, the points of the plan must correspond to the main semantic fragments of the text and reflect the main idea of each of them. The following semantic fragments can be distinguished:
1) ways of influencing citizens on public policy;
2) the power of the majority as a generally recognized indicator of democracy;
3) majority power and protection of minority rights;
4) civil society and new type citizens.
It is possible to formulate other points of the plan without distorting the essence of the main idea of the fragment, and to highlight additional semantic blocks.
- The correct answer may indicate two indicators:
1) periodic elections;
2) participation in interest associations, social movements, trade unions, etc.
The methods may be formulated differently.
- The following two methods of influence can be named:
1) during elections, citizens may give preference to one of the strategies proposed by political parties;
2) In the period between elections, citizens can influence public policy through other institutions: interest associations, social movements, trade unions, etc.
4. The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: an association of people independent of the state, formed on the initiative of the citizens themselves to jointly resolve certain issues caused by common needs
(the meaning of the concept may be formulated differently);
2) two examples, let's say:
a) residents of the microdistrict created public organization, which achieved the cancellation decision taken about the construction of a new shopping center on the site of the park;
b) the consumer rights protection society represents in court the interests of consumers who have suffered from unscrupulous producers of goods and services.
Other examples of the activities of civil society organizations may be given.
5. The correct answer may indicate the following requirements for democratic elections:
1) the possibility of choosing from several candidates (parties) representing different political forces (elections on an alternative basis);
2) the opportunity to obtain truthful and honest information about candidates (political parties);
3) the universal, equal right of every citizen to participate in elections;
5) free and voluntary participation of citizens.
The requirements may be given in other, similar formulations.
6. The following explanations may be given:
1) participation in elections teaches one to correlate the statements and promises of candidates with the interests, for example, of city residents;
2) when turning to authorities, citizens often defend the common interests of a group.
Other explanations for this relationship may be given.