The employment process includes several mandatory stages. Here they are:

1. acquaintance of the applicant with the labor market and selection of a suitable offer;
2. sending a resume to the employer with contact information for feedback;
3. interview;
4. concluding an employment contract and placing a specialist on an internship, probationary period or directly on staff.

Search for offers and interview

The first step is searching optimal option work is not subject to mandatory regulation. Every citizen has the right to act at his own discretion - independently look for new vacancies in advertising publications, ask to be partners with friends and acquaintances, and use help that promote employment of the population.

Having made a choice, a person contacts the company’s personnel department or a specific specialist responsible for recruiting personnel. It is wise to first call and clarify whether the vacancy is still relevant, and then, if the answer is positive, send your resume to the specified email address.

If the candidacy seems interesting to employers, a call for an interview follows. It determines whether the applicant meets all key requirements.

Typically, the decision to accept an applicant is not made immediately after the end of the conversation, but later, when there are already several candidates for comparison.

Registration of a new employee

After approval of the candidacy, the registration procedure begins. Very detailed and clear information about it can be easily found in. It is contained mainly in Chapter 11.

The future employee presents a kit including:

• passport;
• insurance certificate;
• work book;
• certificate and/or diploma;

Some subtleties:

• When first employed, the applicant usually buys a work book himself and brings it to the HR officer blank. If a person moves from one job to another, the book ends up in his hands. If the old book is lost, a new one will be issued.
• Citizens liable for military service of military age, in addition to all the listed documents, present a military ID.
• When applying for employment in a number of professions, it is required to provide a certificate of no criminal record and other documents of this kind.

Those applying for a job are given a standard sample for the organization to sign. By signing, new employee officially confirms its agreement with all provisions of this document.

Note: for foreign citizens and refugees, the employment procedure is slightly different.

Economy Russian Federation It is increasingly taking on a market character, which also has an impact on the social sphere. In the harsh conditions of a planned economy, it was not possible for specific forms of labor relations to develop. Market reforms corrected this situation, allowing for the emergence of new forms and types of employment. Thanks to this, the employment market has become more optimized. The public sector is quite popular among the population. Private, although it occupies a certain niche in the market, is not to the extent that it suppresses the public one. This material will describe the concept and types of employment.

What is included in the concept of employment?

Many definitions describe the concept of “rational employment”. Species are completely different definitions. But in a broad sense, the essence lies in a set of specific activities that are of a different nature. These are activities related to organization, finance and law. All of them are aimed at providing the residents of the state with work.

All types of employment in Russia are only forms of activity permitted by law. This also includes types that are characterized by individual provision. This is, for example, private enterprise or farming. Also, types of employment are forms of activity that can be carried out thanks to an existing license from government agencies or private organizations.

What does the concept of employment mean?

Employment is a human activity, the purpose of which is to satisfy personal needs (mainly material), that is, to generate income. These actions must comply with government regulations. According to Russian legislation, every citizen has the right to dispose of labor resources and creative potential at his own discretion. It is the fulfillment of such requirements that is necessary in order to characterize rational employment. Types of employment, regardless of their characteristics, do not imply any coercive measures. The Constitution of the Russian Federation states that the implementation of the right to work should be initiated only by the person himself and carried out by him in a free form.

Employed segments of the population

The concept of employment and employment (their types) cannot be complete without describing the circle of persons who are the subjects of such relations. The subjects of labor relations are citizens who apply for work, as well as employers.

All types of employment are targeted actions in relation to any subject. An employed person is a person who is a citizen of the Russian Federation, who works thanks to the conclusion of an agreement establishing an employment relationship. The list of such persons is quite extensive and includes the following categories:

1. People who perform a specific set of actions that have a paid basis. The employee is paid remuneration for the work done, which he carries out as part of a full-time or short-time working day. This includes both permanent service and temporary, seasonal types of employment.
2. Persons who have the status of private entrepreneurs and are engaged in commercial activities.
3. Ancillary workers whose main source of income is the sale of goods in accordance with the conclusion of supply contracts.
4. Persons who have entered into contracts that have a civil legal basis. They are compiled regarding the performance of work or provision of services. The parties to the agreement may be individual entrepreneurs.
5. People who have received a position or assignment for which compensation is due.
6. Persons involved in law enforcement agencies, such as the fire service, internal affairs bodies, and criminal authorities.
7. People in military or alternative civilian service.
8. Students and students of general education institutions, primary, secondary and higher professional institutions.
9. Persons who, for certain reasons, cannot carry out their usual work activities. Among such factors we can list the lack of ability to work, completion of advanced training courses, vacation, sick leave, retraining, temporary suspension of the institution, preparation for service in the armed forces, and more.
10. People who are founders of organizations. An exception to this clause are religious, public and charitable organizations, because there are no property rights in relation to such created structures.

How is employment carried out?

All types of employment in Russia have general essence, which is the order of successive steps that should ultimately lead to obtaining a job. In a narrower sense, this definition means the assistance of government agencies to its citizens in the form of providing vacancies. This includes not only assistance in finding appropriate work, but also retraining, retraining, and transfer. That is, these are those actions that are aimed at a person realizing his right to free work. But at the same time, the law does not prohibit a person from carrying out actions to find a job on an individual basis. From this it follows that the types of employment for work according to such a classification criterion as the method of implementation are as follows:

• independent;
• through government agencies.

This process plays an important role in public and social life as it helps a person to exercise his right to get a job. On the part of employers, this is a plus in terms of selecting qualified workers or the necessary strength. Another advantage of employment is a good efficiency factor, that is, a person realizes his or her job with maximum benefit. working hours no loss in searching for a vacancy.

How is this process carried out with the help of government agencies?

This process can be carried out with the help of special bodies. These primarily include institutions such as employment services. This method of performing this action is called special. His distinctive feature is that, unlike independent option, it characterizes only types of official employment.

Although labor is considered, according to the legislation in the Russian Federation, to be free, strict measures can characterize the implementation of this process with the help of state influence. For example, this may include recruitment, which is carried out in an organized manner, and the direction of persons to objects. This was more popular during the period of active development of the planned economy and is practically absent in this period of time. This was used to make this area more rational and provide human resources to those regions where they are sorely lacking.

Also, special employment refers to the placement of students who have graduated from vocational educational institutions. This is done through the conclusion of appropriate types of agreements with enterprises and institutions, which imply the hiring of young employees.

Another advantage of carrying out this process with the help of government agencies is that they have the right to subject jobs to quotas. This allows you to find a job special layers population.

What categories of citizens are entitled to preferential jobs?

Some segments of the population have the right to social protection in the form of assistance in realizing the right to work. The list of such people includes the following categories:

• those who have disabilities;
• those who have been in prison;
• those who have not reached eighteen years of age;
• those who have two years left to work before retirement;
• migrants and refugees;
• single mothers and those with many children;
• parents raising a child with a disability;
• those who are looking for a job for the first time;
• those who graduated from specialized educational institutions.

How is this process of employing disabled people carried out?

Types of employment of disabled people are very important in the social sphere, since these people constitute a special category of employed people. Quotas apply to vacancies that can allow people with disabilities to work. disabilities. These individuals cannot be one hundred percent active in society. It is the search for work that helps disabled people regain their place in society, recover morally and become full-fledged members of society. Thanks to this process, a person can again feel needed and important, and feel that he is benefiting other people.

Quotas are an officially established requirement that applies to all private entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs must allocate a certain proportion of vacancies for people with disabilities. However, the percentage established by law in Russia is quite low.

How is this process carried out for minors?

Types of employment of minors occupy their own niche in the employment market. This process is carried out regarding this category of citizens according to specific rules. In most countries of the world, for persons under eighteen years of age, the possibility of obtaining a job is regulated separately by law.

According to Russian regulations, the opportunity to enter into an agreement with employers appears upon reaching the age of sixteen. But the exception is fifteen-year-old teenagers who received an average school education or study according to an individual program. They are allowed to perform simple tasks that do not impact negative influence on health and do not interfere with development and life. A younger age category can be involved in the work process only as part-time employment. Work should allow the teenager to continue his education. But this age category is allowed to do this only with consent from parents or guardians.

That is, persons who have not reached the age of majority can be involved in any type of work, with the exception of gambling-type establishments and nightclubs. They are prohibited from dealing with cigarettes, alcohol and psychotropic substances. They should not be engaged in work that could potentially harm their health. That is, the transfer of heavy loads is limited to a certain weight.

All types of employment involving minors are accompanied by a medical commission, which must issue its conclusion.

Teenagers cannot be employed at work holidays and night time. Working beyond the norm is also prohibited for this category. It is not allowed to send them on a business trip.

For such employees, a shortened working week is established. For persons under sixteen years of age, this number is twenty-four hours. For teenagers from sixteen to eighteen years old, this time is thirty-five hours a week.

Minor workers have additional guarantees. That is, an employer cannot voluntarily fire a teenager. This can only be done with the help of the state labor inspectorate.

An employer who hires a minor must understand that he is obliged to provide annual leave. It must be at least one month. And he is entitled to financial compensation.

Remuneration for work done for teenagers is calculated based on hours worked.

How is this process carried out without a work book?

Types of employment without a work book are a very real option in the Russian Federation. This option is within the law. However, a work book is a document that confirms that a person was involved in the work process. It contains complete information about the person, which is necessary for the further implementation of such activities. That is, this is information about education, specialty acquired, dates of employment and name of the organization. The document indicates the position and reasons for dismissal.

The work book confirms the fact of employment. But there are quite possible options when providing this document is not necessary. This is quite possible, but at the same time it requires the execution of another document, which is a civil contract. The second way is to work part-time. That is, one main job is issued in accordance with the work book, and the second - according to a special agreement.

The last option for a device without this document is all types of hired employment. That is, this is labor provided under an agreement with an individual. If this is done legally, then an agreement must be drawn up between the employer and the employee. At the same time, the one who pays for the provision of the service must also make contributions to organizations such as the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund.

But most often, institutions that do not make entries in the work book are thus trying to hide from the law. This is mainly due to concealment of the current financial situation, that is, non-payment of contributions.

Those who agree to work under such conditions most often face problems such as lack of vacation, sick leave and maternity pay. And you can’t be one hundred percent sure of the stability of such work.

An important point is that the contract, which is concluded instead of being recorded in the work book, is of a civil nature, and not of a labor nature. The parties to it are the customer and the contractor. There are several types of such agreements:

• author's;
• agent;
• for contract work.

All of the above types have common features. For example, they must be in duplicate, specify the details of the parties, deadlines for completion and the amount of remuneration.

What types of employment are there?

Types of employment in the Russian Federation are represented by four main categories. The most common job is one that has a permanent basis. It is she who brings a stable income. It is preferred because this type provides certain social guarantees. A person is protected, both socially and legally. In the event of job loss or unemployment, such a person may qualify for benefits. A certain percentage of the salary goes to the Pension Fund, which provides financial support in old age. Another advantage of this type of employment is the possibility of obtaining a loan.

The second type is part-time work. Most often this is a part-time job that brings in a small income. Such employment is common among students.

The third type is work under a contract. The amount stated in it is fixed and no deductions are made from it. In this case, taxes must be paid independently.

Types of employment do not necessarily provide financial compensation. An example of this is volunteering. Although it does not provide any financial benefits, its advantage is the acquisition of useful skills and connections.

On at the moment Several other types of employment can be distinguished. These include freelancing and remote work via the Internet. Professionals in many industries can provide their services to employers from all over the world.

General employment and employment issues have been resolved:

Law of the Russian Federation “On Employment”;

Government Decree “On the procedure for registering unemployed citizens”

Regulations on the organization of work to promote employment in conditions of mass layoffs;

Regulations on public works.

Employment- this is the activity of citizens related to the satisfaction of personal or social needs and, as a rule, bringing them earnings or income. Such activities must not be contrary to the law.

The following categories of citizens are recognized as employed:

1) persons working under an employment contract, including those temporarily absent from work for valid reasons (due to disability, vacation, suspension of production, etc.).

As well as persons who have other paid work or service, including temporary and seasonal workers. Except for persons participating in public works.

2) Full-time students of educational institutions of all types, as well as those undergoing training in the direction of the employment service;

3) Persons passing military service, as well as service in internal affairs bodies;

4) Persons performing work under civil contracts;

5) Persons engaged in individual entrepreneurial activities;

6) Elected, appointed or confirmed to a paid position;

7) Members of production cooperatives;

8) Persons employed in auxiliary trades;

9) Those who are founders or participants of organizations, with the exception of public, religious organizations, foundations, and associations of legal entities.

Employment- This:

1) in a broad sense – a set of measures (economic, organizational, financial, legal, medical) to ensure employment of the working population;

2) in a narrow sense - the process of searching for unemployed citizens, with the help of state or non-state intermediaries suitable job, as well as the process of selecting workers by employers.

Forms of employment

2) contacting an intermediary.

State policy in the field of employment

1. Development of labor resources, protection of the national labor market.

2. Providing social protection in the field of employment.

3. Prevention of mass and reduction of long-term unemployment.

Legal status of the unemployed

Unemployed are considered able-bodied citizens who do not have earnings and are registered with employment authorities in order to find a suitable job; as well as those who are looking for work and are ready to start it.

The unemployed also include:

Working age from 16 years to retirement age,

Persons who have not been granted an old-age pension or long-service pension,

Persons not sentenced to imprisonment or correctional labor,

Group 3 disabled people, if the individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person contains a recommendation for work,

Persons who have provided reliable information and documents about the lack of earnings, income and work.

Registration of the unemployed is carried out at the employment authorities at the place of residence.

The topic of “blacklists” has aroused great interest, and today I would like to tell you what you and the employer should do to properly formalize your employment relationship.

When applying for a job, you must initially agree on what terms you will formalize the relationship. It's no secret that there are companies that delay the process of official employment, and the employee's ignorance of his rights further aggravates the situation.

5 steps for official employment

1. You are writing a job application. In it, indicate the name of the organization, the name of the manager, your position, structural unit, admission conditions and date.

The manager endorses the application, indicates the salary, signs and dates it. The job application is then submitted to the HR department along with all the necessary documents.

2. You become familiar with the internal labor regulations, the collective agreement and other regulations (Article 68 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

3. The employer makes a deal with you employment contract. It indicates work and rest time, vacation, salary and all allowances (Article 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). The contract is signed by both parties. One copy is kept in the HR department, the other is with you. An employer's refusal to sign an employment contract is a violation of the law.

By the way: if you have already started working and the contract has not yet been signed, it is considered that it is concluded automatically (Article 67 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). It is necessary to consolidate the employment relationship on paper within three working days from the moment of your arrival. It is illegal to stall for time.

4. The HR department issues a hiring order. You get to know him and sign.

5. Entry in the work book. By law, she must appear within a week from the date the employment order is issued.

If an employer refuses to make an entry in the work book, he is breaking the law. And it doesn’t matter at all that you work temporarily or are on probationary period. According to the Labor Code (Article 66), an entry in the work book is granted to every employee (not part-time worker) who has worked for the company for more than five days.

The requirements for registering an employee for work, as specified in the Labor Code, may vary slightly. However, conscientious companies prefer not to delay this process. They quickly fill out the documents, make an entry in the work book, and the new employee becomes a full-time employee.

And of course, if you haven’t done so yet, read the Labor Code!

Happy job searching!
Oksana Matveenko

Official employment means social security for a citizen. Only in this case can the employee count on pension contributions paid sick leave and a full vacation. The hiring process has its own subtleties and depends on who is applying for the position. workplace and what is the expected schedule for performing duties.

The law on the employment of an employee contains regulations for the procedure, a list of documents required to be provided to the employer and the personnel department.

What acts protect the rights of an applicant for a position:

• The Labor Code of the Russian Federation in chapters 10 and 11 contains the procedure for registration labor agreements and work books containing data on the length of service of the admitted citizen;
• Government Order No. 225 dated 2003, with amendments and additions made in 2008, Labor Ministry Order No. 69 dated 2003 contains regulations on how to correctly fill out a work book, how to keep records and store forms that take into account the length of service of working personnel;
• State Statistics Committee Decree No. 1 of 2004 offers an example of documents created when employing an employee: orders for registration, a sample personal card.

Resolutions were adopted at the state level and are mandatory. Violation threatens the perpetrators not only with fines, but also with administrative penalties. This applies to employees and managers, even heads of institutions.

The fact of non-compliance with the requirements of the law is discovered as a result of an inspection by the inspectorate for supervision of compliance labor legislation.

When a new employee is hired, the employer needs to understand who he is recruiting.

Basic rules for official employment:

The first point of the procedure was to check the information provided by the person about himself, education and experience.

So, what is needed to get hired for a job in a company:

The documents provided must contain reliable information about the employee. Otherwise, the employer has the right to apply Article 81 of the Labor Code and dismiss. Not only does a citizen face administrative liability, but also criminal liability for forgery of information.

Types of work

Employment according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation can have several types. You can work in one place and this will be the main type, you can hold two or more work positions - part-time. Either get a temporary job or become a volunteer.

Types of employment and nuances:

1. Main work. This is the most optimal view getting a place. The citizen is protected by labor legislation. When concluding an agreement with an employer, the social and legal rights of the employee are regulated by the signed document. Upon dismissal, social benefits are guaranteed. Also, the employer makes contributions to the pension fund during the entire period of the employee’s work, which means the pension is guaranteed. Banks react positively to loan applications from a citizen with official employment and main place of work. Often, companies interested in a high-quality workforce send workers for advanced training.
2. Contract. When getting a job, a citizen must understand that there will be no deductions for social events. The amount received in person is specified in the contract and is significantly higher than that of those employed at their main place. It is worth noting that the obligation to pay taxes falls on the contract employee.
3. Underemployment. Don't expect much at this point wages. As a rule, this type of device is used for mothers with small children and students in higher or technical educational institutions. It is possible to transfer from the main place to part-time employment for medical reasons.
4. Volunteers. There are no wages or entries in the work book. However, for a citizen, participation in a volunteer program is in a great way get to know the right people and gain invaluable experience. This fact is welcomed when applying to the company.

There are other types of work: remote, free visiting. In these cases, you often require a computer or laptop and Internet access.

Employment of a citizen who has not reached the age of majority according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation has features and nuances. Not only the employer, but also the teenager needs to know about this.

The regulations for applying for work are prescribed in labor code in article number 63.

In case of official employment, the following are observed: certain rules:

• the employer must obtain written permission from the teenager's parents. If the child is under guardianship, the letter is provided by the guardians. This requirement is spelled out in Article 26 of the labor law;
• the junior applicant must have a minimum level of education (secondary);
• There are age restrictions. Only after reaching the required number of years can a teenager be hired;
• medical certificates are allowed to perform this type works

People can be hired from the age of 16 – a requirement of Article 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Exceptions are possible and fourteen-year-olds are accepted, but the work should be easy and in free time from study. They may also make an exception for more younger age for work in cinema or theater.

Official employment of a 17-year-old minor is not an obligation for the employer. In this case, the teenager’s parents or guardians must give their consent. If the child is under 16 years of age, an additional letter will be required from the authorities involved in the guardianship and protection of children.

However, there are restrictions on the work provided. The child must not be involved in harmful conditions labor, in the gaming business, in the sale of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages , erotic goods. Also, a minor cannot lift weights more than the standard indicators for this category of employees.

A child under 18 years of age should not work at night, go on business trips, work overtime, or combine several positions.

In 2019, changes were adopted regarding the employment of citizens who are representatives of other states at enterprises of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the changes include the responsibility of the employer for non-compliance with the rules.

When applying for a vacancy as a foreign citizen, you should pay attention to:

• Do you have a residence permit and for what period is it issued? As a rule, this paper is given for five years with the opportunity to get a job in any corner of Russia;
• patent or permission to hold positions in the Russian Federation. These documents indicate the region in which the foreigner has the right to work;
• for representatives of Armenia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, it is enough to register with the migration service. They do not require a patent or permit.

The legislation of the Russian Federation regarding the registration of foreign citizens indicates the obligation of the employer to inform the migration services about the acceptance of a foreigner for a position. The period is given 7 days. Upon dismissal, the employer informs the Federal Migration Service within 3 days after signing the order.

A representative of another state can be hired only if the following information is provided:

• a document confirming the applicant’s identity, citizenship and registration;
• paper permitting to study labor activity precisely in this region of the country;
• information about the experience of the hired specialist. Work book is completed by the employer independently if the applicant comes to work for the first time;
• confirmation of insurance of the future employee - certificate. When hiring a foreigner, if this is his first job, the insurance certificate is issued by the employer;
• educational and qualification documents. When a job requires certain skills and abilities, the employee must demonstrate them.

When hiring a foreign citizen, the employer must take seriously the set of documents provided by the applicant and the deadlines for notifying the Federal Migration Service. Failure to comply with the rules established by law entails the imposition of fines on the company in the amount of 400 thousand to 500 thousand Russian rubles.

Part-time work

The law does not prohibit hiring a part-time employee. At the same time, the employee himself can formalize labor relations with an unlimited number of employers, as long as this is permitted by law and the working day at a particular enterprise does not exceed 4 hours.

There are two types of combination of positions:

• external – an employee of another company;
• internal - an employee of the enterprise where the main workplace is provided.

In order to be hired, a part-time worker writes an application and indicates that this position is not the main one. An employment contract is concluded, which sets out the specifics of the duties performed. The HR department creates an order confirming the hiring of the employee.

The work record remains at the main place of work. Data on the combination are entered into the book by the personnel department of the main company at the request of the citizen.