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English Transcription

Pronunciation of English sounds.

Pronunciation of English vowels.

Pronunciation English sounds presented in Russian letters, you should understand what to convey the correct English pronunciation Using the Russian alphabet is not possible.

• ɑː long, deep
• ʌ short vowel a, as in the Russian word run.
• ɒ = ɔ - short, open about
• ɔː - long o
• zː - long vowel e, as in the Russian word hedgehog.
• æ - open e
• e - like e in the word these
• ə - unclear unstressed sound, looks like uh
• iː - long and
• ɪ - short, open and
• ʊ = u - short u, pronounced with a slight rounding of the lips.
• uː - long u pronounced without strong rounding of the lips.

Two-vowel sounds

Pronunciation of English consonants.

• p - p
• b - b
• m - m
• f - f
• v - in
• s - s
• z - z
• t - resembles the Russian sound t, pronounced with the tongue positioned at the gums.
• d - resembles the Russian sound d, pronounced with the tongue positioned at the gums.
• n - resembles the Russian sound n, pronounced with the tongue positioned at the gums.
• l - resembles the Russian sound l, pronounced with the tongue positioned at the gums.
• r - very solid sound, pronounced without vibration of the tongue. Corresponds to the sound r in the word lot
• ʃ - soft Russian sh
• ʒ - soft Russian zh, as in the word yeast.
• tʃ- h
• ʤ - similar to the Russian sound j (voiced ch)
• k - k
• h - inhale, reminiscent of a faintly pronounced x sound
• ju - long yu in the word southern
• je - sound e in the word spruce
• jɔ - sound ё in the word fir-tree
• jʌ - the sound I in the word pit
• j - resembles the Russian sound й before vowels. Occurs in combination with vowels.

English consonant sounds that have no approximate correspondence in Russianː

• w - formed with the help of rounded lips (as in whistling). It looks like a sound uttered with just lips. In translation it is denoted by the letters в or у ː W illiams - Williams, Williams.
• ƞ - Open your mouth slightly and say n without closing your mouth.
• ɵ - Move the slightly spread tip of your tongue between your teeth and pronounce Russian with
• ð - Move the slightly spread tip of your tongue between your teeth and pronounce Russian z

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Children should not be taught the English alphabet until the child begins to speak well, and not earlier than the start teaching the alphabet of the native language. It is advisable that the child already knows a small set of words in English, just like with his native language. That is, from 2–5 you can teach your child English words, more precisely, their pronunciation and meaning, short sentences, but the English alphabet for children can begin from 5 years or older. Always, while learning the alphabet, we continue to learn new English words and frequently used short sentences(questions, answers) - expanding vocabulary and learn to communicate and interact.

The choice of methods for learning the English alphabet for children depends on the age and individual qualities of the child. It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the child at each stage of learning, how he usually perceives information (visually, tactilely or auditorily?), his temperament (assiduous, active, creative, etc.), his interests today and many other factors. You should choose those tools that the child will be most interested in and able to do, so you will achieve greater involvement and success. Alphabet teaching can be organized in game form using some interesting for a child the techniques described below.

Learning the English alphabet using cards, for preschool children

So, one of the most simple ways To teach the alphabet is to use cards, on one side of which there are pictures with a word, on the other - letters of the English alphabet. The child learns an English letter with visual support, hears how it is pronounced, what sound corresponds to each letter, and recognizes the word itself that begins with this letter. I also advise you to add associations that arise when we see a particular letter. For example, the letter U looks like a horseshoe, and the letter S looks like a worm or snake.

So, we learn the English alphabet with the help of cards and the following games that even a 3-4 year old child will like:

• Children's favorite pastime is searching and solving. Hide a few cards around your apartment or classroom so that your child can easily find them. Then ask to put them in in the right order, into a pre-arranged alphabet, where there were plenty of English letters found.
• A game for concentration and memory. Choose several letters and randomly name words starting with these letters, and the child must point and point to the letter with which this word began.
• Active game. Scatter english letters by gender, name the letters to the child, and he must step on the correct card with the letter.
• In your games, ask to arrange English letters into alphabetical order(but only when the entire alphabet has already been learned).
• If the alphabet is almost mastered and requires consolidation, and the child has accumulated a certain number of English words on his ear, which you told him to determine the letter with which they begin, ask him to name as many words as possible that he remembers, starting with a certain one. letters, etc.

Alternatives to cards

1. “Fun English. Talking poster" will help the child in self-study English letters of the alphabet. The poster contains: 3 modes (memorization, checking, translation), 83 sound buttons, sound adjustment function. Voiced by an English teacher.
2. Set “English language. My first words. 15 book cubes." definitely attracts children to learn the English alphabet and teach new English words. The alphabet is written on the inside cover, and inside the set are beautifully and brightly illustrated books with thick cardboard pages.
3. “Skylark English for Babies. All about me. English from England for children from birth"- both children and parents are delighted with this set. A set with beautiful, high-quality illustrations and good printing. This method of teaching children English was developed by specialists from Cambridge (UK) together with the Umnitsa company, which develops educational materials for children early age. Based on research from the best universities in the world, 100% genuine British English. Included: cards, books, manuals for parents, audio materials, games, a toy glove for interaction with the child. Designed for children 0+.

Learning the English alphabet using YouTube videos, for preschool children

When an adult learns English, it is recommended to watch films and programs in this language; the same thing applies to children. Instead of regular cartoons, include those that teach your child the letters of the English alphabet, correct pronunciation and new words, and in the future, reading English words. Just use YouTube - there you can find cartoons and programs for every taste. The most common and useful are nursery rhymes and jokes for children. Being very colorful, cheerful and melodic, they are very captivating to the child and he wants to listen to them again and again. Also, from the point of view of developing speech skills, song is the optimal tool. After all, this makes it easier for us to remember words and it’s much more interesting than methodically memorizing a sequence of letters.
Learn the English alphabet with cartoons for children, where there are songs and rhymes with funny pictures, and in a week you can see the result!

Learning the English alphabet on the move

This type of education is especially suitable for the child who vitally needs to move, this is how he gets to know this world and everything that surrounds him. To do this, we can use various cubes, magnets with letters, toys (construction sets) with stickers with letters glued on them, etc. Everything that might be interesting to your child. For boys, cars are beasts for girls, or vice versa - as you like.

Here are some ways:

• Using your fingers in the air or your hands and body movements, draw a letter.
• You can make a gymnastics ribbon (tie the ribbon to a thin stick) and let the child draw the necessary letters in the air.
• Place the letters around the apartment, stick them on objects, and the child must find and touch them. You can also include an alphabet song to add variety and make it a mini-game.
• Assemble a letter from cubes, construction sets or mosaics. For these purposes, you can use any toys - lay them out on the floor in the shape of letters.
• Write the letters on the circles of the “Twister” field; you can play together with your mother or friends, calling which hand/leg should fall on which letter.
• Write letters on an inflatable big ball. While throwing the ball with mom, let everyone name the letter that appears before their eyes.

Come up with similar games yourself - almost any favorite children's game can include elements of learning the English alphabet. Just glue or draw the alphabet on the toy, and according to the plot of the game, offer new tasks based on the letters. So, in the process of playing, quietly and not boringly, we learn the English alphabet with children.

Let's get creative and learn the English alphabet

For those children who love to draw and create, this method of learning English letters will become one of their favorites.

• For example, make a poster with all the letters of the alphabet (or only vowels, or only consonants), use scrapbooking elements to decorate your poster, stickers, colored paper.
• Use the same principle to create your own picture dictionary. In which each page can be decorated in its own way and even a whole story can be written on it with the adventures of the letter. Supplement them with stickers, magazine clippings starting with a certain letter.
• Make letters from plasticine.
• Make a collage with cut out letters from magazines/newspapers/old books.
• Make a garland and hang it in a visible place. Every time you pass by, point to any letter and ask to name it.

Again, in the creative version, you can make any crafts of the letters of the English alphabet, and learn them along the way. - Draw, glue, sculpt, cut out, paint. Learn letters together with your favorite toy animals, like this puppet show suitable for little ones. Books with favorite characters and English letters will warm up your child's interest in learning the language.

We learn the English alphabet using ABC books and teaching aids for preschool children

Suitable for children of older preschoolers and schoolchildren, although if your child is interested in books, you can start learning from this manual earlier.

Classes should last no more than 15-20 minutes on average; as soon as the child begins to get distracted, it is necessary to switch to another type of study, for example, gaming. You can’t force a child when he doesn’t want to, as you risk discouraging his desire for further education.

With such manuals, it is easier for parents to teach their child English, since all the material is written on the pages, all that remains is to present it to the child and go through the exercises with him. Here are some of the most popular benefits for preschoolers:

1. "English for the little ones" Anna Kuznetsova"
2. “English before school. Benefit for children 5-6 years old" Radislav Milrud
3. “English for kids. Most best tutorial(+CD)" Galina Shalaeva

We learn the English alphabet with the help of copybooks and written tasks, for preschool children

This type of learning is suitable for older children who can at least hold a pen or pencil and then trace and write letters.

Among the great variety methodological manuals choose better ones, most of them are designed for older preschoolers and schoolchildren, but there are also workbooks for learning English for kids. For example, those who are already familiar with the well-known KUMON manuals, a methodology used by 4 million children in 49 countries, will appreciate them. Writing in capitals and lowercase letters According to these notebooks, this is the beginning of the development of writing along with the study of the letters of the English alphabet. A well-designed manual, a popular, proven technique.

1. “Learning to write capital letters of the English alphabet. Ages 3, 4, 5 years. Toru Kumon. KUMON"
2. “Learning to write lowercase letters of the English alphabet. Ages 4, 5, 6 years. Toru Kumon. KUMON"

Show your child that it is possible to learn the English alphabet with the help of such simple and exciting games! And remember that the sooner you start teaching your child the English alphabet, the faster he will be able to learn it and the easier the learning process will be in the future.

And finally, we teach English letters with children regularly. This is one of the most important conditions, if you want to learn English at any age, even at 3 years old.

English teacher
Lebed Evgenia

Educational cartoon “Learning the English alphabet” by Doman:

Someday you may be asked to spell your first name, last name, or any other word in English, and if you know english alphabet, then you can easily cope with this task.

Let's start learning the alphabet in English using the table below, and at the end we will do a short exercise to consolidate the English alphabet.

№	Letter	Name	Transcription
1	Aa	a
2	Bb	bee
3	Cc	cee
4	Dd	dee
5	Ee	e
6	Ff	ef	[ɛf]
7	Gg	gee
8	Hh	aitch
9	II	i
10	Jj	Jay
11	Kk	kay
12	Ll	el	[ɛl]
13	mm	em	[ɛm]
14	Nn	en	[ɛn]
15	Oo	o	[əʊ]
16	Pp	pee
17	Qq	cue
18	Rr	ar	[ɑɹ]
19	Ss	ess	[ɛs]
20	Tt	tee
21	Uu	u
22	Vv	vee
23	Ww	double-u	[ˈdʌb(ə)l juː]
24	Xx	ex	[ɛks]
25	Yy	wy
26	Zz	zed

It's very easy to learn the English alphabet through songs

Below is the most popular song in the world for learning the English alphabet.

Exercise on the topic English alphabet

Using the letters of the English alphabet, read and spell your first and last name.

Historical stages in the formation of the English alphabet and the English language in general

English belongs to the Germanic group, and is part of the group of Indo-European languages. State language is located in the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern Ireland, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Ireland. In addition, it is actively used in India and many countries in Asia and Africa. It is central to the work processes of the UN mission.

Old English stage of formation

The appearance of the English language dates back to the 5th-6th centuries. V. n. e., since during this period ancient Germanic tribes began to move to Britain. Constant communication between the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and the native Celts of Britain leads to the emergence of dialectical forms. At this stage, English is called Anglo-Saxon and there are 4 dialects: Northumbrian, Mercian, Wessex and Kentish. The literary language was mainly formed on the basis of the Uesex dialect.

In the 6th century, the establishment of Christianization in Britain began. The Latin alphabet was introduced, writing appeared, and the names of geographical objects were left from the Celts. Periodic attacks by Scandinavians since the 8th century. They introduced many words from Scandinavian into the language and changed the structure of the grammar.

Middle English stage of development

The Middle English period began in 1016, with the conquest of Britain by the Normans. And it continued until the end of the 15th century, until the end of the Wars of the Roses. English temporarily becomes the language of the common people, as the conquerors brought a dialect of French - Norman. During this period, there were three languages ​​in Britain - English, Anglo-Norman and Latin. Petitions are being filed for expanded English rights.

Printing is actively developing, which ultimately leads to phonetic and grammatical changes in the English language and sharply separates it from the Old English period. The morphological component of the language has also been simplified.

Current stage of development

This period began in 1500 and continues today. There are two time periods - from 1500 to 1700. Early modern English develops, and the modern English alphabet has been formed since 1700. The main factors in the development of early modern English are called printing and the development of learning. This is reflected in changes in the forms of words and the construction of sentences. The famous difference between printed and spoken text appears.

The language of literature based on the London dialect is actively developing, adding its own differences to speech for conversation and writing. In the 16th century, the Renaissance introduced many words from Latin into the language.

The English language of our time is constantly undergoing changes due to its widespread use throughout the world. Simplified forms of pronunciation appear, phonetic forms change, but the English alphabet remains unchanged. There are many dialects associated with the territory where English is spoken.

The vocabulary is constantly filled with borrowed words. There has also been a tendency to restore dialectical types of English as monuments of indigenous culture. In contrast to the desire for a standard form in the last century. The English language continues to change due to the expansion of the cultural community and the use of oral forms of communication in writing.

Nowadays, there are variants of the English language for Britain, America and Australia, in which differences in pronunciation and spelling of words have formed.

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“And today we learned the letter A! - a mother hears from a child at the beginning of second grade. “It’s so interesting, and the letter is just like in the Russian language.” Several weeks pass, and often the joy of discovery disappears somewhere, the letters begin to get confused, and for some reason it’s impossible to learn them... Is this a familiar situation? How! For a child who already knows how to read, the letters of the English alphabet are like “old new acquaintances”: it seems like I’ve seen them, it seems like everything is simple, but they can’t learn it. Why is this so?

1. The first secret, or similar letters.

Some are similar to Russians, and this is great: it’s easier for a child to learn to distinguish between them. But this similarity is often confusing, because Russian and English letters convey different sounds. What to do?

Game: invite your child to play hide and seek with the letters. This game is suitable if you have already learned all or almost all the letters. To do this, you will need two teams: from letters that are similar to Russian, and from letters that are not at all similar to Russian letters. Let the child separate them himself. Did it work? That's great. Hide the letters of one team, then the other, in turn and play “hot and cold.” You need to name the letters correctly! Whoever finds the letter must name the word in which it appears.

And after the game, show your child a picture of these kittens and ask him how they are similar to each other. The child will probably answer that they are the same size, they have the same color and back. Now ask what is different between them, and if it is difficult for the student to answer, tell him yourself: their names are different, one kitten is called Fluff, and the other is Murzik. And also these kittens different characters, one likes to play with a ball, and the second prefers to look at fish. So similar pairs of letters, like kitten brothers. And their names are different, and the sounds they show are also different.

2. The second secret, or lowercase and capital letters.

If everyone only wrote in capital letters, how much easier it would be to learn English! But the letters in books are “big” (uppercase) and “small” (lowercase). Learning the letter T is easy, but remembering that it has a minor letter – t? And also not to confuse it with f?

To help solve this problem, try to find something in common between uppercase and lowercase letters, and be sure to do exercises to read words written in only uppercase or only lowercase letters.

For example: q is similar to Q, she’s just small herself, so she had to grow a big tail. Look for what the letters look like. For example, O looks like a round clock, and Q looks like a clock with a weight. And q are small ones with one weight that hangs on a longer chain.

3. The third secret, or learning complex letters.

I called these letters complex conventionally; it would be more correct to call them similar. The letters b and d, q and g, t and f are often confused. And there is only one way not to confuse these letters - to associate the letters and some bright image in memory.

Game: look at the letters b and d, think about what they look like. For example, d is a dog with ears (the top stick is ears), and b is a bear that has eaten too much honey. You can draw a dog and a bear with these letters, and even give the bear an empty pot in its paws, like Winnie the Pooh.

Game: give your child a text in English. It is important that the text does not contain pictures that can distract, and that the letters are large. If you are trying to remember a letter that is rare, make sure it is in this text. The adult claps his hands or turns on the music, and at this time the child must find the desired letter and circle it with a pencil. Tomorrow give him another text, but with a different letter, which he confuses.

These tips will help you quickly and easily learn English letters with your child. Good luck in learning English!