Subordinate conjunctions in Russian. Basic types of subordinate clauses

Subordinate clauses in Russian are dependent parts of the main clause in a complex sentence. That is, they play the role of secondary members of the sentence. Therefore, the types of subordinate clauses are divided taking into account the role played in the sentence. You can ask one question for the entire secondary sentence, just as you do with the members of the sentence.

Main types of subordinate clauses

Four types of them are considered: attributive, adverbial, explanatory and connecting. We can give examples that represent all types of subordinate clauses:

The flowerbed, which was laid out in the courtyard on the left side of the porch, resembled a smaller copy of the town - a sort of Flower Town from Nosov’s fairy tale about Dunno. (Definitive).
And I imagined that restless and funny little people really lived there. (Expository).
And we don’t see them because they are hiding from us underground. (Adverbial).
But as soon as we leave somewhere, the short ones get out of their hiding places and begin to vigorously enjoy life. (Connection).

Determinative clauses

These subordinate clauses in Russian define the attribute of one noun or sometimes a phrase consisting of a noun and a demonstrative word. They serve as answers to questions Which? whose? which? These minor offers join the main part with allied words whose, which, who, what, which, from where, where, when. Usually in the main part complex sentence there are indicator words such as such, everyone, everyone, any or That V various forms childbirth The following proposals can be taken as examples:

Living beings, ( which?) who live on the planet next to people, feel a kind human attitude towards them.
Reach out your hand with food, open your palm, freeze, and some bird, ( which?) whose voice is heard in the bushes of your garden in the morning, will sit on your hand with trust.
Every person ( Which?) who considers himself the pinnacle of the Almighty's creation, must correspond to this title.
Whether it’s a garden, a forest or an ordinary yard, (Which?)where everything is familiar and familiar, can open the door to a person amazing world nature.

Subordinate clauses

Interesting types of subordinate clauses that do not relate to a single word or a phrase, but to the entire main part. They are called connecting. Often these parts of a complex sentence contain the meaning of the consequence, supplementing or explaining the content of the main part. Secondary sentences of this type are joined using allied words where, how, when, why, where, what. Examples:

And only next to his mother does any baby feel protected, what is provided by nature itself.
Caring for cubs, tenderness for one’s offspring, self-sacrifice are embedded in a creature at the level of instinct, how every creature has an inherent need to breathe, sleep, eat and drink.

Explanatory clauses

If the author of the text wants to clarify, specify one word of the main part, which has the meaning of thought, perception, feeling or speech. Often these clauses refer to verbs, such as say, answer, think, feel, be proud, hear. But they can also specify adjectives, for example, happy or glad. It is often observed when these types of subordinate clauses act as explanations of adverbs ( clear, necessary, necessary, known, sorry) or nouns ( message, thought, statement, rumor, thought, feeling). Explanatory clauses are added using:

Unions (so that, what, when, as if, how and others);

Any allied words;

Particles (of the union).

Examples include the following compound sentences:

Have you ever watched, ( What?) how amazingly he plays sunlight, reflected in drops of dew, insect wings, tiles of snowflakes?
One day, a person will surely be incredibly happy about this beauty, ( what?) that I discovered a unique world of beauty.
And it immediately becomes clear, ( What?) that everything around was created for a reason, that everything is interconnected.
Consciousness will be filled with indescribable feelings of joy, (which?) as if you yourself are a part of this amazing and unique world.

Clauses of manner and degree

Adverbial clauses are divided into several subtypes. A group of dependent parts of compound sentences that relate to the attribute or action named in its main part, and denote its degree or measure, as well as image, are classified as subordinate clauses of manner of action and degree. They usually answer the following questions: how? how much? How? to what extent? The design of the connection between the subordinate and the main part looks something like this: full adjective+ noun + such; full adjective + such; verb + so. The joining of these subordinate clauses is ensured by conjunctions so that, what, as if or allied words how much, how much and some others. Examples:

The girl laughed so contagiously, so spontaneously, that it was difficult for everyone else not to smile.
The ringing sounds of her laughter broke the tense silence of the room, as if multi-colored peas from a bag suddenly scattered.
And the baby’s face itself changed so much, as far as possible in in this case: the girl, exhausted by illness, could easily be called a lovely and absolutely healthy child.

Adverbial clauses

These dependent clauses indicate the place of origin of the action, which is called in the main part compound sentence. Referring to the entire main sentence, they answer the following questions: where? Where? Where? and are joined by allied words where, where, where. Often there are demonstrative words in the main clause there, everywhere, there, everywhere, from everywhere and some others. The following examples of such proposals can be given:

It is quite easy to determine the cardinal directions in the forest thicket, where there is moss on the trees.
The ants were dragging on their backs building material for their anthills and food supplies from everywhere, wherever these hardworking creatures could get.
I am always drawn there, to magical lands, where we went with him last summer.

Adverbial clauses of time

Indicating the time of action, these subordinate clauses refer both to the entire main sentence and specifically to one predicate. You can ask the following questions about this type of subordinate clause: How long? until when? When? since when? Often there are demonstrative words in the main part of the sentence, for example: sometimes, once, always, now, then. For example: Animals will then be friendly with each other, (When?) when they grow up next to each other since childhood.

Adverbial clauses, causes, goals, consequences

If the dependent parts of complex sentences answer questions in what case? or under what condition? and relate either to the predicate of the main part or to the whole of it, joining with the help of conditional conjunctions once, if, if, if, when And How(meaning “if”), then they can be classified as subordinate conditions. Example: And even the most inveterate scoundrel turns into a serious and well-mannered gentleman, ( in what case?)when he becomes a parent, be it a person, a monkey or a penguin.
For questions because of what? Why? for what reason? why? adjunct reasons answer. They are joined using causal conjunctions because, because, since. Example: For a child in early childhood, the authority of the parent is unshakable, ( Why?) because his well-being depends on this creature.
Dependent clauses indicating the purpose of the action named in the main part and answering questions For what? for what purpose? For what?, are called subordinate clauses. Their connection to the main part is ensured by target unions in order to, then in order to (in order to). Example: But even then you should accompany your requirements with explanations ( for what purpose?) then, so that the baby grows into a thinking person, and not a weak-willed robot performer.
Dependent parts of a sentence that indicate a conclusion or result, indicate a consequence arising from the above in the main part of the sentence, are called subordinate clauses of the consequence and relate to the entire main sentence. They are usually joined by consequence unions That's why or So, for example: Education is a complex and regular process, ( what follows from this?) therefore, parents should always be in shape and not relax even for a minute.

Adverbial clause comparisons

These types of dependent clauses in complex constructions relate either to the predicate or to the entire main part and answer the question like what?, joining comparative unions as if, than (that), as if, exactly. Subordinate clauses differ from comparative phrases in that they have a grammatical basis. For example: The polar bear cub so funny fell on his side and lifted his paws up, it looks like a naughty boy playing happily in the sandbox with his friends.

Circumstantial clauses

Dependent clauses in a complex construction, denoting circumstances in spite of which the action indicated in the main part has been or can be committed, are called subordinate clauses of concession. You can ask them questions: contrary to what? no matter what? and join to the main thing with the help of concessionary unions at least (even though), let (even though), that, for nothing, despite and some others. Conjunctive combinations are often used: no matter how much, whatever, whenever, whoever, no matter how and the like. Example: Even though the panda cubs were playing happily, their dark spots around the eyes they created the impression of sad thoughtfulness.

A literate person should always remember: when writing, sentences that are part of a complex sentence are separated by commas.

Main types of subordinate clauses

Four types of them are considered: attributive, adverbial, explanatory and connecting. We can give examples that represent all types of subordinate clauses:

The flowerbed, which was laid out in the courtyard on the left side of the porch, resembled a smaller copy of the town - a sort of Flower Town from Nosov’s fairy tale about Dunno. (Definitive).
And I imagined that restless and funny little people really lived there. (Expository).
And we don’t see them because they are hiding from us underground. (Adverbial).
But as soon as we leave somewhere, the short ones get out of their hiding places and begin to vigorously enjoy life. (Connection).

Determinative clauses

These subordinate clauses in Russian define the attribute of one noun or sometimes a phrase consisting of a noun and a demonstrative word. They serve as answers to questions Which? whose? which? These secondary sentences are joined to the main part by allied words whose, which, who, what, which, from where, where, when. Usually in the main part of a complex sentence there are such demonstrative words as such, everyone, everyone, any or That in various forms of childbirth. The following proposals can be taken as examples:

Living beings, ( which?) who live on the planet next to people, feel a kind human attitude towards them.
Reach out your hand with food, open your palm, freeze, and some bird, ( which?) whose voice is heard in the bushes of your garden in the morning, will sit on your hand with trust.
Every person ( Which?) who considers himself the pinnacle of the Almighty's creation, must correspond to this title.
Whether it’s a garden, a forest or an ordinary yard, (Which?)where everything is familiar and familiar, can open the door to the wonderful world of nature for a person.

Subordinate clauses

Interesting types of subordinate clauses that relate not to a single word or phrase, but to the entire main part. They are called connecting. Often these parts of a complex sentence contain the meaning of the consequence, supplementing or explaining the content of the main part. Secondary sentences of this type are joined using allied words where, how, when, why, where, what. Examples:

And only next to his mother does any baby feel protected, what is provided by nature itself.
Caring for cubs, tenderness for one’s offspring, self-sacrifice are embedded in a creature at the level of instinct, how every creature has an inherent need to breathe, sleep, eat and drink.

Explanatory clauses

Unions (so that, what, when, as if, how and others);

Any allied words;

Particles (of the union).

Examples include the following compound sentences:

Have you ever watched, ( What?) how amazingly the sunlight plays, reflected in dew drops, insect wings, snowflake tiles?
One day, a person will surely be incredibly happy about this beauty, ( what?) that I discovered a unique world of beauty.
And it immediately becomes clear, ( What?) that everything around was created for a reason, that everything is interconnected.
Consciousness will be filled with indescribable feelings of joy, (which?) as if you yourself are a part of this amazing and unique world.

Clauses of manner and degree

Adverbial clauses are divided into several subtypes. A group of dependent parts of compound sentences that relate to the attribute or action named in its main part, and denote its degree or measure, as well as image, are classified as subordinate clauses of manner of action and degree. They usually answer the following questions: how? how much? How? to what extent? The design of the connection between the subordinate and the main part looks something like this: full adjective + noun + such; full adjective + such; verb + so. The joining of these subordinate clauses is ensured by conjunctions so that, what, as if or allied words how much, how much and some others. Examples:

The girl laughed so contagiously, so spontaneously, that it was difficult for everyone else not to smile.
The ringing sounds of her laughter broke the tense silence of the room, as if multi-colored peas from a bag suddenly scattered.
And the baby’s face itself changed so much, as far as this was possible in this case: the girl, exhausted by the disease, could easily be called a lovely and absolutely healthy child.

Adverbial clauses

These dependent clauses indicate the place of origin of the action, which is named in the main part of the complex sentence. Referring to the entire main sentence, they answer the following questions: where? Where? Where? and are joined by allied words where, where, where. Often there are demonstrative words in the main clause there, everywhere, there, everywhere, from everywhere and some others. The following examples of such proposals can be given:

It is quite easy to determine the cardinal directions in the forest thicket, where there is moss on the trees.
The ants carried on their backs building material for their anthills and food supplies from everywhere, wherever these hardworking creatures could get.
I am always drawn there, to magical lands, where we went with him last summer.

Adverbial clauses of time

Adverbial clauses, causes, goals, consequences

If the dependent parts of complex sentences answer questions in what case? or under what condition? and relate either to the predicate of the main part or to the whole of it, joining with the help of conditional conjunctions once, if, if, if, when And How(meaning “if”), then they can be classified as subordinate conditions. Example: And even the most inveterate scoundrel turns into a serious and well-mannered gentleman, ( in what case?)when he becomes a parent, be it a person, a monkey or a penguin.
For questions because of what? Why? for what reason? why? adjunct reasons answer. They are joined using causal conjunctions because, because, since. Example: For a child in early childhood, the authority of the parent is unshakable, ( Why?) because his well-being depends on this creature.
Dependent clauses indicating the purpose of the action named in the main part and answering questions For what? for what purpose? For what?, are called subordinate clauses. Their connection to the main part is ensured by target unions in order to, then in order to (in order to). Example: But even then you should accompany your requirements with explanations ( for what purpose?) then, so that the baby grows into a thinking person, and not a weak-willed robot performer.
Dependent parts of a sentence that indicate a conclusion or result, indicate a consequence arising from the above in the main part of the sentence, are called subordinate clauses of the consequence and relate to the entire main sentence. They are usually joined by consequence unions That's why or So, for example: Education is a complex and regular process, ( what follows from this?) therefore, parents should always be in shape and not relax even for a minute.

Adverbial clause comparisons

Circumstantial clauses

A literate person should always remember: when writing, sentences that are part of a complex sentence are separated by commas.

In Russian, sentences are divided into simple and complex. Their difference is that simple ones have one grammatical basis, while complex ones can have two or more. In syntactic constructions consisting of several parts, one of three types of connection can be used: coordinating, non-union or subordinating. Complex sentences with (grade 9) are the most extensive topic due to the number of meanings of the dependent part from the main part.

The concept of a complex sentence

A syntactic construction in which one part is dependent on another is called complex. It always has a main one (from which the question is posed) and subordinate clause. The sentences that make up such a structure are combined, or for example:

The boy realized (what?) that his deception had been discovered(the main part - the boy understood, to which the subordinate clause is attached using the subordinating conjunction “what”).
Rather than being second in Rome, it is better to be first in the province(under what condition?) (the main sentence - it is better to be the first in the province - is connected with the dependent conjunction “than”).
A wind blew from the north (what kind?), which forced everyone to button up their jackets(the main sentence - the wind blew from the north - is connected with the subordinate conjunctive word “which”).

Depending on how the parts of a complex sentence are connected, they are divided into 4 types:

with using conjunctions so that, what, how, whether (I heard the gate creaking);
with attributive clauses, attached by allied words which, which, whose, what, where and others ( I bought the car I've been dreaming about for a long time);
with an connecting clause using allied words why, why, why and what (In the evenings, the mother bathed her son, after which she always read him a fairy tale.);

We went up to the observation deck, from where the city was as visible as possible

The last type of syntactic constructions are divided into types according to their meaning.

Types of adverbial clauses

In complex sentences, the dependent part, which answers questions specific to the circumstances, is called that. Below are the circumstances. The table briefly summarizes all their types:

time	as soon as the curtain rose, the orchestra began to play (when?)
places	they came home, where a hot dinner and warming grog were already waiting for them (where?)
reasons	the children laughed (for what reason?) because the dog stood on its hind legs and wagged its stubby tail
conditions	If you happen to be nearby, please stop by and see us (under what conditions?)
goals	I went to the store (for what purpose?) to buy bread for dinner
concessions	he remained silent (in spite of what?), despite the fact that the offense against his friend was strong
comparisons	something rumbled outside the window (like what?), like a distant thunderstorm
course of action	we did everything as (in what way?) as indicated in the note
measures and degrees	the girl was so shy (to what extent?) that she would never speak to a stranger first
consequences	Yegor grew up over the summer, so that he now took second place in the ranks (as a result of what?)

Complex sentences with adverbial clauses are connected by conjunctions and allied words, depending on the meaning they define.

Subordinate clauses and degrees of action

This type of complex sentence in its dependent part provides an explanation of how the action was performed or indicates the degree of quality of the attribute of the object being discussed in the main part.

In similar syntactic constructions to subordinating clause questions are posed: “in what way?”, “how?”, “how much?”, “to what extent?” and others. The dependent part corresponds to:

A complex sentence with a subordinate adverbial manner of action is always constructed in such a way that the main part comes before the dependent part. If you swap them, a different meaning is formed. For example:

The snow was so bright (to what extent?) that my eyes began to water after a few minutes of being outside.
My eyes started to water after a few minutes of being outside (for what reason?) because the snow was so bright.

Clause of time

When the dependent part in indicates when the event took place, then this is a complex sentence with an adverbial clause. Moreover, the dependent part does not refer to a separate concept, but to the entire main one, and gives answers to the questions “when?”, “how long?”, “until when?”, “since when?”

They are connected using temporary conjunctions “when”, “as soon as”, “barely”, “until”, “until”, “since” and others. In this case, the main sentence may contain words that have the meaning of time, for example “then”, “after that”, “until”, etc. For example, complex sentences with subordinate adverbial clauses from the literature:

On the day (when exactly?) when I made this decision, someone hit me on the shoulder in the Criterion bar (A. Conan Doyle).
Now sit here for a while (how long?) while I run off to have a bite to eat (J. Simenon).

In such syntactic constructions, complex conjunctions can be used, which are divided into two parts by a comma. Moreover, one of them is in the main sentence as an indicative word, and the second is in the subordinate clause in the form of a conjunction ( It's been 30 years since he left his hometown).

In the event that there is no index word, the dependent part can be located either before or after the main part, but in two cases it is fixed:

If complex sentences with subordinate adverbial clauses use the conjunctions “how”, “how suddenly”, then they are located after the main one ( Lunch was already coming to an end when suddenly another guest arrived.).
If double conjunctions are used, such as “when... then”, “only only... how”, “when... That". In this case, the subordinate clause is placed before the main part, and the second fragment of the double conjunction can be omitted ( When the first snow falls, the flock will move south).

In other cases, the place of the subordinate clause can change without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

Subordinate clauses

A complex sentence with an adverbial clause (examples below) can indicate the place of action or its direction. It answers the questions “where?”, “where to?”, “from where?” and refers to specific word in the main part, which can be expressed by an adverb (there, there, from there, everywhere, everywhere and others).

There was water everywhere (where exactly?) wherever you looked.
I come from where (where?) where poverty has never been known.

The complex sentence is connected with the adverbial clause by the conjunctive words “where?”, “where?”, “from where?” The dependent part in such syntactic constructions comes after the word being defined.

Subordinate clause

Complex sentences with subordinate adverbial conditions answer the questions “under what condition?”, “in what case?” Such syntactic constructions indicate the conditions under which the actions named in the main part are performed. In them, the dependent clause can refer both to the main part and to a separate predicate, and is joined using the conjunctions “if”, “how” (in the definition “if”), “if”, “kol” and “when” (in role "if").

A complex sentence with a subordinate adverbial clause (the examples below confirm this) conditions can be found both before and after the main one:

If that’s what you want, so be it (on what condition?).
You can get a chance to win the lottery (in which case?) if you buy tickets regularly.
If you buy tickets regularly, you can win the lottery (the content of the offer has not changed due to the rearrangement).

Often such syntactic constructions use conjunctions consisting of two parts: “if...then”, “if.... so", "if... Then" ( If it rains tomorrow, we won't go mushroom picking.).

Clause of purpose

Goals indicate the purpose for which the action specified in its main part is performed. They give answers to the questions “why?”, “for what purpose?”, “for what?”

Parts of such a syntactic structure are joined by conjunctions “so that”, “in order to”, “so that”, “if only”, “then” and others, for example:

To get there faster, he quickened his steps (for what purpose?).
To be useful people, you need to work a lot on yourself (for what?).
I said this in order (why?) to annoy my father.

Complex conjunctions can be separated by using a comma between them. One part remains in the main clause, and the conjunction “so that” remains in the dependent clause.

Subordinate reasons

Complex sentences with subordinate adverbial reasons indicate the basis of what is said in the main part. The dependent clause completely relates to the main clause and answers the questions “for what reason?”, “why?”, “why?” and is joined by conjunctions “because”, “good”, “since”, “for”, “because” and others, for example:

Thanks to the fact that we united, our opponents could not defeat us (for what reason?).
She was sad (why?) because autumn brought rain and cold.
We decided to take a break (why?) because we had been walking for six hours straight.

The subordinate clause in such syntactic constructions usually comes after the main clause.

Subordinate clause

In complex sentences with similar subordinate clauses, the conclusion drawn from the content of the main part is indicated. It answers the question “what happened because of this?” The dependent fragment is attached to the main one with the conjunction “so that” and always comes after it, for example:

The heat intensified (what happened because of this?), so we had to look for shelter.
The girl began to cry (what happened because of this?), so I had to give in to her request.

This type of construction should not be confused with subordinate clauses of degree and measure, in which the adverb “so” and the conjunction “that” are used ( Over the summer he got so tanned that his hair looked white).

Clause of concession

Complex sentences with these subordinate clauses provide explanations for events that occurred contrary to what was discussed in the main part.

They answer the questions “despite what?”, “despite what?” and join the main part:

conjunctions “although”, “even though... but”, “despite the fact that”, “let”, “let” ( There were big puddles on the street, although it rained yesterday);
allied words with the particle “neither” - “no matter how”, “no matter how much” “no matter what” ( No matter how much my grandfather made a rocking chair, it turned out lopsided).

Thus, concession clauses indicate why the action did not work.

The concept of a subordinate clause

Part of a complex sentence, syntactically dependent on another, subordinate part, is called a subordinate clause.

How to define a subordinate clause

A subordinate clause cannot be used without the main clause without changing the meaning of the statement. Let's take the offer I see a house which you told me about . Words in bold will be subordinate clauses. We will not be able to say with narrative intonation and without a certain context: “which you told me about.” The recipient will not perceive this piece of text as a message. But you can say “I see a house” and put an end to it. This proposal is the main one.
As a rule, you can ask a question from the main clause (it is not asked only to connecting subordinate clauses). Our example asks the question Which? What house? - which you were talking about.
Usually, when looking for subordinate clauses, when parsing, they circle in ovals subordinating conjunctions and allied words, which exist only for the purpose of introducing subordinate clauses into the main one. Of course, in order for conjunctions to help find subordinate clauses in the text, these conjunctions must first be learn by heart. There is no other way.

Types of subordinate clauses

Depending on the question that is asked from the main clause to the subordinate clause, the following types of subordinate clauses are distinguished.

Explanatory clauses

Definitive subordinate clause

Adverbial clauses

Adverbial clauses are highly expanded circumstances. Circumstances are divided into types depending on the issue, adverbial clauses are similarly divided into types:

Some textbooks highlight a separate group - subordinate clauses with the meaning of conditionality.

Comparative clauses

Connecting clauses

Let's put the connecting clauses in a separate group, since they do not answer any question and cannot be compared with the very common secondary member of the sentence.

What is not a subordinate clause

meaningful expressions

The following expressions are not subordinate clauses:

irreducible combinations: do it properly, do it as it should, tell it like it really is, there is something to surprise, there is something to do etc.
whole expressions with the verb want. Do whatever you want. Come whenever you want. Etc.
combinations not that, not that, not so, not otherwise than.
combinations (not) more than, (not) less than, (not) earlier than, (not) later than etc.
combinations unknown who, unknown what (where, which, where, from, etc.), unclear who, no matter what, no matter who etc.
combinations with words anywhere and everywhere Anyone, anything, anywhere, anything etc.
type combinations whoever is, whoever is, whoever eats b, etc.
the expression is just... that. The only entertainment is going to the movies once a week.

comparative turnover

Punctuation for subordinate clauses

Subordinate clauses are separated from main clauses by commas, or less often by a dash.

If the clauses are not related to each other coordinating connection, they are separated by commas.

If subordinate clauses are interconnected by a coordinating connection, the signs between them are placed according to the same rules as the signs for

Instructions

Remember subordinate clause and what function it performs. A complex sentence consists of unequal parts. One of them is independent, and is called the main one. A subordinate clause is a dependent part that acts as a secondary member offers.

Subordinate clauses offers are divided into 4 groups. Since in many cases they serve as minor members offers, then they are very similar: attributive, explanatory, adverbial, connecting. In turn, there are several types of adverbial clauses. Remember the types of circumstances: place, time, course of action, cause, effect, purpose. This group also includes comparative and concessive clauses.

Determine whether the subordinate clause refers to the entire main clause or to any one of its members. The entire main clause most often includes some categories of adverbial clauses, that is, place, time, purpose, cause, effect, concessional, conditional and comparative. All other subordinate clauses refer to one member of the main clause offers.

Determine which member of the main offers refers to the subordinate clause. Ask him a question. The definition answers the questions “which?”, “which?”, “whose?”. They can also be added to the attributive clause. Sometimes this type can be determined by a conjunction or an allied word if it coincides with the question. However, a attributive clause can also be attached using the words “how” or “when”, that is, it can be confused with an adverbial clause. Therefore, the main way is still a question.

An explanatory subordinate clause performs the function of a supplement, that is, it answers case questions. Its conjunctions and allied words are “who” and “what,” and in this case the type is determined immediately. But there is a trap here too. Explanatory proposal can be attached with the same or allied words that are characteristic of other types of subordinate clauses.

The most diverse group is adverbial clauses. This offers answer very different questions, by which the “subspecies” is determined. Circumstantial offers place and time answer the questions “where”, “from where”, “when”, “from what time”.

Subordinate reasons, goals and conditionals have a lot in common. The first answers the questions “why?”, “for what reason?”. The other two types determine for what purpose what is said in the main sentence is done, or under what conditions it is possible.

Please note

There are several types of subordinate clauses for which questions are not usually asked. These are concessional, comparative, connecting. The first category includes sentences that say that something did not happen despite efforts or favorable circumstances. Such a subordinate clause is added to the main clause by the conjunctive words “although”, “despite”. In comparative clauses, as the name suggests, something is compared with something.

Sources:

types of subordinate clauses

- this is a type of complex sentence with the meaning of inequality of parts, which is expressed by subordinating conjunctions and allied words found in the subordinate clause. In the structure of a complex sentence, there are two parts: main and dependent. The connection between them is two-way, because Not only can a subordinate clause not exist without the main clause, but the main clause also needs a dependent clause.

A subordinate clause, dependent on the main one, is attached to it in two ways: - attached to one word in the main sentence and explains it (“We stopped at the place where the stream flowed”); - connected to the main sentence as a whole (“It was cool summer, like new life began"). In the school course of the Russian language, three groups are distinguished, which correspond to minor members V simple sentence: definition, addition, circumstance. The subordinate clause refers to the main noun and characterizes the object, naming its attribute (“Chekhov witnessed an event that Moscow will not forget”). A type of attributives are pronominal attributives offers, referring to the pronoun in the main clause (“He who does nothing will achieve nothing”). The peculiarity of this group of subordinate clauses is the use as a means of communication only of allied words that perform syntactic function and the “fixed” place of the subordinate clause after the main one. The subordinate (additional) clause is attached to verbs, verbal nouns and adverbs with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, perception with the help subordinating conjunctions and allied words. Such offers additions have meaning and answer case questions (“Tell me how to go to Gogol Street”). Adverbial clauses offers most often refer to the main sentence as a whole and determine the sign of the action taking place: time, place, manner of action, measure and degree, condition, purpose, cause, effect, comparison and concession. All these meanings are correlated with semantic groups of circumstances (“I want a person to be beautiful, simple and smart” - with clause of purpose, answering the question “why?”). Please note that complex offers may have several subordinate clauses, belonging either to the same type or to different ones. “At the end of the year, I was drawn to my native places, where I was born and where I spent” - in the sentence there are two subordinate attributives, relating to the same word “places” and answering the same question “which ones?” This type of subordination is called homogeneous subordination. “We didn’t know which way to go, because” - in the sentence there are two subordinate clauses that are connected to the main one and to each other like a “chain”. This consistent submission. “When their work is finished, I see that the whole bottom is covered with live fish” - there are two subordinate clauses in the sentence that answer different questions and relate to different types. This is the type parallel subordination.

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