Owning a home is the dream of many people. When the opportunity arises, they begin to build a mansion on their own. In the process of its construction, many questions arise. One of the most common is the laying of sewerage in a private house. With its presence, comfort is ensured when living in the house. It allows you to divert wastewater from your home to a special well.

When it comes to sewerage when building a house, many people turn to the services of specialists. Although their work is of high quality and after its completion the owner receives an effective sewage system, nevertheless, their services are not cheap and require certain expenses. Or maybe refuse outside help and do all the work on your own? Moreover, although there are difficult moments here, the task of an independent sewerage device is not one of the impossible ones. If you delve into the intricacies of building a sewer network in your home, then you can do all the work yourself, save a lot of money and get an effective sewerage system.

What should you know?

When the owner decides to lay a sewer system in the house, it is first necessary to find out if there is access to centralized highway. If such a line passes in your village, then the sewerage system in this case is not very difficult. You just need to find out from the experts:

• which pipes are best suited for draining and draining water from the house;
• how to lay pipes correctly;
• how to properly connect the pipes to the collector.

The greatest difficulty when connecting to a centralized highway is the laying of pipes on the street. During this work, you have to dig a trench. The depth of trenches required depends largely on the level of soil freezing. Usually pipes for sewerage on the street laid at a depth of 0.5-1 m.

If your house is located far from the sewer line and there is no way to connect to it, then in this case you will have to work on the installation of an autonomous sewer system.

Types of sewerage in a private house

First you need to decide what the sewer system will look like. It can take different forms:

• cesspool;
• septic tank.

Cesspool

Traditionally for the removal of sewage from the dwelling cesspools were used. Now they are considered a relic of the past. However, they have the right to life, if only because:

• they effectively cope with the removal of wastewater;
• construction work is devoid of difficult moments.

If you decide to create a sewer like a cesspool, then before proceeding with the implementation of this plan, you need to find out about the engineering and geological features of the soil in your area.

The easiest option to build a cesspool - make brickwork. It is most reasonable to use red ceramic brick as a material. If you are ready to spend money on attracting special equipment, then you can arrange this structure from concrete rings. When constructing such a pit, the bottom is concreted, and then the rings are installed. From above, the structure is covered with a slab with an air vent and an inspection hatch.

septic tank

Many homes use a septic tank as their sewage system. Its main advantages are:

• ease of construction work;
• reliability during operation;
• the possibility of installation on their own;
• ease of work on the device of such a sewerage system.

At present There are several types of septic tanks. There are even three-chamber ones that have a high degree of sewage and domestic water treatment. And all due to the fact that in the composition of such systems there is a complex of aeration and biofilters.

Sequencing

Before starting work on the installation of an autonomous sewage system in your home, you need to decide on a work plan:

First you need to decide where on your site the cesspool will be located. You should know that the well for drains should be below the level of the house.

It is also important to determine the place where the collector exits the building. It is necessary to carefully examine the place where the pipe exits, taking into account that all the drains of used water from your home will be concentrated at this point. It is necessary to inspect the place of receipt in order to make sure in the correct installation of the collector. Distortions and deviations during installation must be absent.

When the site has been inspected and important issues have been resolved, you can proceed to drafting a sewerage project.

It must be borne in mind that the external sewage system must be rectilinear. The inner one has many corners and bends, therefore, while doing work on its laying, all dimensions of pipes and bends should be calculated.

When all the important points have been resolved and all calculations have been completed, you can proceed to the acquisition of the necessary materials.

In its appearance, the internal sewage system does not differ from the one installed in the apartment. But the amount of work in its arrangement will vary significantly.

Time and effort to create it will have to be spent less if the dwelling has old sewer. In this case, the main work will be related to the dismantling of old pipes. You can use old sewer pipes. However, it may turn out that you have to redo the entire system. In this case, a lot of time and effort will have to be spent on creating a new autonomous sewer system in the house. The floor will need to be raised.

And if it turns out that the depth of the sewerage is insufficient, then it will have to be deepened. To do this, you will have to dig a hole under the foundation, and then measure the distance from the bottom edge of the foundation to the top. It must be at least 1 m. In this case, the drains moving along the laid collector pipe will not freeze even in harsh winters.

It is necessary to dig a trench from the outside of the house directly to the well. It should be of greater depth than in the house. This is necessary to ensure a constant slope for the pipe. In this case, the water drains will flow freely into the well.

At the exit from the house, the trench should have a depth of at least 1 meter, and every 10 meters the depth of the trench should decrease by half a meter.

Laying sewer pipes in a trench

The device of the sewage disposal system involves the laying of pipes both outside the house and inside. Next, we will talk in detail about how the laying of external pipes should be performed. Experts in this regard give the following recommendations.

At the bottom of the dug trench pour a layer of ordinary sand. Its thickness should be 15-20 cm. Creating such a sand cushion will protect the sewer pipes from excessive pressure, even if they are polypropylene pipes. Having laid the pipes on the sand, they will slightly sag and take a comfortable position. This will eliminate the excessive load on them in the form of pressure from the backfilled soil.

Another important point is the connection and sealing of joints. A tee must be inserted every 3 m of pipe. Thus, a revision will be equipped, which is the same pipe that goes to the surface of the earth. An audit is necessary so that in the event of a blockage in the pipe, it can be cleared without any difficulties. Experts do not advise saving on the installation of a revision. The funds spent on the purchase of tees will justify themselves during the operation of the sewer system. After every four meters it is desirable set revision. Outside, the outlet of the pipe is closed with a special plug.

When installing internal sewage, many owners of private houses are increasingly using polypropylene pipes. These products have many advantages:

• they are not subject to corrosion;
• have a long service life;
• the installation of such pipes is a simple matter and is accessible to every owner.

Having made a choice in favor of polypropylene pipes when laying internal sewage, it is necessary to take into account how many sources of sewage are available in a private house. If a large number of plumbing fixtures are installed in the dwelling, then in this case it is optimal to use pipes with a diameter of 100 millimeters for laying internal sewage.

It should also be taken into account that when leaving the washbasin, the pipe must have a diameter of 50 mm. Therefore, during the laying of internal sewage, pipes of different diameters will have to be joined. However, we note that at the moment this is not a big problem, since special adapters are available. Therefore, you can not worry about reliable sealing of joints.

When connecting pipes to each other, it will be useful to check the quality of the gaskets. They should not be damaged, in which case leaks at the joints will be excluded.

The risers are also equipped with a revision. Its installation is carried out from the floor at a height of at least a meter. In addition, special exhaust pipes are installed, which should be located above the roof at a distance of 70 cm. Why is such a complex structure necessary? When a private house is connected to the sewer, the occurrence of gases and an unpleasant odor is inevitable. If the riser has reliable ventilation, then such unpleasant phenomena can be eliminated. Installation of a riser for sewer ventilation ensures the displacement of polluted air. Therefore, by spending time and money on its device, you can get rid of the unpleasant smell in the room of your home.

Another important point to be aware of: if the riser is located in an unheated room, then it is necessary to carry out work on its insulation. A special release must be used to connect the riser to the external sewer. Its diameter should be smaller than that of the pipe on the riser.

Installation of the outlet to the riser in the direction of the movement of polluted waters should be carried out at an angle of 90 degrees. In addition, two 135 degree bends must be used to connect the risers. If there is a need for another additional riser, then use an oblique 45 degree tee. And besides that, an additional outlet is installed.

It is much easier to arrange an autonomous sewerage system in a household if there is one riser and one collector pipe. When laying an external sewage system, it is best to use 150 mm polypropylene pipes.

Conclusion

Sewerage should be in any private house. It provides a comfortable stay. If your home cannot be connected to a centralized sewer line, then in this case you will have to work to create an autonomous sewer system. This work is not so difficult, so you can do it yourself. Most often when laying sewers in the house polypropylene pipes are used. It is necessary to choose the right materials and correctly perform the installation so that the joints between the pipes are airtight.

Of great importance is the depth of the trench in which the pipes will be laid. It must be below the freezing depth to prevent freezing of drains in the pipe in winter. If you are starting work on laying an autonomous sewer for the first time and do not know how to do it, then for a high-quality installation of a sewer structure, you should read the instructions for its installation before starting work and learn about the recommendations of specialists. By following them and performing work in accordance with the technology of laying the sewer system, you can get an effective system that will ensure the efficient removal of wastewater and used water from the house to the well.

The arrangement of the sewer system requires the most scrupulous attitude to all stages of the process, including depth, slope, and reliability of connections. Each of these factors has a great influence on the quality of the entire system. Negligence is unacceptable here, if there is no self-confidence, it is better to turn to professionals.

Laying depth of the sewer system

Modern sewer systems significantly improve the standard of living in a private house. If in previous years a toilet on the street was perceived as an unpleasant necessity, inseparable from a private house, today it is a sign of laziness of the owners or their extremely low income. Moreover, in the first case, you can get out of the situation by hiring professionals who will perform absolutely all the work.

The depth of the pipeline depends on the depth of the septic tank.

Advice! The pipe laid between the building and the septic tank must be straight. Knees, turns will provoke the appearance of blockages.

Before arranging the sewer system, you should find out what is the average freezing depth in your area. Pipes need to be laid a little lower than these figures. Usually, the depth at which sewer pipes are located in a private house in the south is more than 50 cm. In the central part of the country, where the climate is harsher, the depth of sewerage in a private house is at least 70 cm. These figures are especially significant if sewer pipes are located under the platforms or under the paths, which are freed from snow in winter.

Features of laying sewer pipes

Laying sewer pipes must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

• pipes of the required diameter must be used;
• it is necessary to observe the standard slope rate (about 0.03 m per 1 linear meter of pipe);
• it is permissible to use pipes from different materials, but in one pipeline the pipes must match in material.

The depth of the pipeline can be determined based on the following points:

• the nature of the site (its relief, soil features);
• the exit point of the sewer pipe from the house.

The angle of inclination is needed so that the wastewater flows by gravity, in this case it is not necessary to install a pump, excess dirt will not accumulate inside the pipe, which can cause blockages. For the same purpose, the outer part of the system is performed without turns. Here, indoors, the sewerage laying scheme in a private house allows pipe turns, this will not become a serious obstacle to the functionality of the system. If you allow the outer part of the sewer system to turn, then you will definitely have to tear off these pipes,. Consequently, neglect of these rules can create very serious problems that are not always really quickly solved.

Advice! If it is impossible to lay a sewer pipe without turns, a well must be made at the place of the turn, into which it will always be possible to penetrate and eliminate the blockage in this area. This technique allows you to lay a sewer pipeline in any area.

Why is laying depth important?

The main reason for the need for too careful attention to the depth of pipe laying is the possibility of freezing. If this happens in the middle of winter, the residents of the house will be left without the opportunity to use the sewer until warm days, when the icing melts. Even minimal ice buildup inside the pipes will lead to blockages and a decrease or complete cessation of patency. This is a natural result of the narrowing of the lumen of the pipe. Wells contribute to getting rid of emerging blockages at the places where pipes turn in the external system.

Such a convenient device allows you to control the operation of the sewage system, in time to eliminate emerging problems. It is not very difficult to make it, but it brings a lot of comfort to the operation process.

Accounting for the depth of soil freezing is a fundamental requirement. In order not to spend money on arranging deeper trenches than necessary, you need to have a clear idea of ​​​​the depth of soil freezing in a given area. Below is a table to help guide you in this matter.

How to properly equip thermal insulation?

In cold regions, it is recommended to supplement the sewer pipeline with thermal insulation. This technique allows you to extend the service life, eliminate the possibility of freezing at very low temperatures. Most often, polyurethane foam is taken for this purpose. If the pipe is wrapped with polyurethane foam, and a polyethylene sheath is made on top, the pipe will not be afraid of frost.

If pipes are laid below the possible freezing point, then the pipes will never freeze. In this case, additional protection is made in case of extreme cold. When performing thermal insulation, special attention is paid to joints and turning points. It is these zones that tolerate the effects of cold quite poorly. So warming the turning points is a must.

In Europe, a more technologically advanced method is used. An electric cable is launched near the pipeline; if necessary, it acts as a heater for the pipe. For many residents of our country, this method is too expensive, because paying for energy is not the smallest item of expenditure. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the depth of pipe laying. In the central regions, it is better to choose a depth of 1m. And in the northern regions, it is desirable to dig deeper trenches and carry out high-quality thermal insulation. To do this, you can either fiberglass. If the pipes are located above the ground, they are also insulated with similar materials. Since they can fill with water, .

Video - Installation of external sewerage and insulation

The interior of the sewer system of a private house

For uninterrupted operation of the sewer, the requirements for the diameter of the pipes must be observed:

• toilet, shower, bath, pool - 10 - 11 cm;
• sink - 5 cm;
• riser - 10 - 11 cm.

Video - Proper installation of sewer pipes

The external part of the sewer system of a private house

The main requirement is to ensure proper bias. The only correct drain is gravity. Too low a speed will cause blockages. Too fast movement of effluents - to accelerate the destruction of pipes.

The sewerage laying scheme in a private house includes a characteristic of the features of the pipe exit from the room. The rules for removing a pipe from a house depend on the type of foundation. With a strip foundation, the output is arranged on the side. With slab - the pipe is laid from top to bottom, for this a pipe section and a 45 ° elbow are used. To equip the sewer, a pipe-sleeve is laid in the foundation in advance, through which the main pipeline is then removed. Such a base is needed to protect the pipeline from excessive pressure and potential destruction.

In the photo - The standard depth of laying the sewer pipe.

In order not to be mistaken in the depth of laying the pipe, you need to find out how things are with the neighbors who have already equipped their own drain. If they have problems with pipe freezing, you need to dig your pipe deeper. No matter how deep the pipe lies, in any case, a slope is needed. Usually they make 2 - 3 cm per linear meter.

1. First, you should make a detailed layout of the piping inside the house. This will reduce time and financial costs by providing all the best options.
2. Pipes are carried out towards the riser or to the septic tank, sharp corners are excluded.
3. The riser on each floor must be equipped with a tee designed to service the sewer system for quick cleaning.

It's no secret that any room where people live or work must have sewerage.

But if communal services are engaged in the process of laying sewer pipes in multi-storey buildings, then having a private house, a person will have to take care of laying sewers himself.

In principle, laying sewers cannot be called an extremely complicated process, but it is quite laborious.

But these are the simplest processes, it is much more difficult to lay pipes in trenches, since at this stage it is necessary to adhere to certain norms and standards.

To begin with, it is worth noting that today, when planning sewerage, it is best to give preference to smooth search pipes made of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene.

Sewer pipes for laying in the ground are orange in color; such pipes are distinguished by increased strength, reliability and durability.

When choosing pipes, it is imperative to take into account the level of load, namely the depth of pipe laying and the presence of a roadway above them.

If the load on the sewer system is large, then it is better to give preference to two-layer corrugated plastic pipes.

As for the diameter of sewer pipes, all standards and norms provide for the use of pipes with a diameter of 110 mm.

The maximum depth at which sewerage can be laid is three meters.

It is very important to remember that sewer pipes are laid in a trench using fittings, namely bends, couplings, adapters, tees, and so on.

Norms for laying pipes in a trench

So, as already mentioned, when laying pipes in a trench, it is necessary to adhere to established norms and standards.

The first thing to consider is the depth of sewerage, it is important to understand the amount of soil freezing.

In this case, the trench should be half a meter deeper than the level of soil freezing in the coldest period. For example, in the northern regions, the depth of the sewer should be 3-3.5 meters, while in the southern regions it is enough to lay the sewer at a depth of 1-1.5 meters.

Of course, in all cases, the indicators are individual, but this must be paid attention to, since if the sewer is not laid deep enough in the winter, it can simply freeze.

The minimum depth of the pipeline is 0.5 meters, while the distance is considered from the upper edge of the pipe and this must be taken into account.

Making calculations, we can give the following example: if a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is standard for sewage, then the trench for such a pipeline should be 60 cm wide, and the depth should be 5 centimeters more than planned and provided for by the standards.

It is also very important to properly prepare the bottom of the trench before laying the pipe.

To do this, it is necessary to level the bottom and make a slope for the sewer, which should be equal to 1-2 centimeters per square meter.

This is due to the fact that an increased angle of inclination can cause a lot of noise during the operation of the sewer, as well as its pollution.

Laying sewer pipes in a trench

Before laying sewer pipes in a trench, you need to figure out exactly how this process is carried out.

In order to accurately carry out this process, it is necessary to follow the exact sequence of actions.

Step-by-step instruction:

• dig a trench for the pipeline, its depth should take into account the climatic conditions of the region and the level of soil freezing; on average, the depth of the trench for laying the pipeline varies between 1-1.5 m;

• organize a special pillow, 10-15 centimeters high. To do this, gravel or sand must be poured into the bottom of the trench;

• make pits at the locations of the sockets;

• we lay pipes, at this stage it is imperative to ensure that all pipes are laid with a socket down from the slope, as this affects the tightness of the system;

• clean the socket and the smooth edge of the connected pipes so that there are no solid particles and dirt, as this will again affect the tightness of the sewer;
• the connecting parts must be treated with special substances that will give them tightness. To do this, you can use silicone grease or a simple detergent. It is necessary to treat with lubricant both the socket and the smooth end of the pipes;

• the smooth edge of the pipe must be inserted into the socket, here it must be taken into account that the pipe is inserted all the way, for this it is first necessary to measure the depth of the stop and note where the pipe should be inserted.

According to this scheme, all parts of the sewer are connected, while it is recommended to connect the pipeline, moving from the foundation of the house directly to the cesspool or central sewer.

Video instruction:

If there is no outlet in the internal sewerage, then it will need to be done using diamond drills.

If the total length of the sewerage exceeds 15 meters, then it may be necessary to equip a special revision well.

Burying the sewer

After all connections have been fastened and checked, it is imperative to double-check the angle of inclination of the pipeline. Only after that the trench can be buried.

Before filling the trench, the soil that was dug during its excavation is used for this, it is imperative to ensure that the soil is cleared of large stones and other solid particles.

1) - we fill the soil on both sides; 2) - backfilling of the trench to a height of 0.2-0.5 m; 3) - backfilling the trench after checking for tightness.

This is due to the fact that during the backfilling process, large solid particles can damage the pipeline and violate its integrity.

The laying of sewer pipes in the ground, the technology of which was described above, also takes into account the process of compacting the soil. But here you need to understand that you can ram the soil only on the sides of the pipe.

That is, it is strictly forbidden to ram the soil over the pipeline itself, as this can also cause damage to it.

In order for the soil to be well compacted, it is recommended to fill the sewerage gradually with separate layers of 5 centimeters and compact the soil after each. This will not only seal it well, but also make it safer for the new pipeline.

Before filling up the sewer, it is necessary to eliminate the need for insulation of the sewer.

Since if you have to insulate the sewer at the stage of its use, this may entail additional costs of effort, time and money.

It is necessary to insulate pipes if the pipeline passes above the freezing level of the ground.

After the pipes have been wrapped with insulation, it is necessary to check the angle of inclination again, since during the insulation process, it may be broken.

In this situation, backfilling is carried out only after the insulation process has been completed and the angle of inclination has been checked. Backfilling after insulation is carried out according to standard technology.

When planning the construction of a new house, we take into account our financial capabilities, but it often happens that the costs are much higher than expected. There is practically no money, but not all communications have been completed yet. How to get out of this situation? You can reduce your costs if the laying of a sewer pipe in the ground and inside the house is done independently.

In this article we will talk about the technology of laying sewer pipes in a closed sewer system. Let's start with the system design.

System design

When developing an autonomous sewage project on the site, the following facts are taken into account:

• The composition of the soil in the area.
• Ground water level.
• Depth of soil freezing.
• Mechanical loads on the system.

The project indicates the location of all sewer drain points inside the house and in the yard, the location of the septic tank, the water intake point, the sewer pipe installation line, the turning points, the junction of the inner and outer pipes, and the installation of auditors.

At the design stage, it is determined from what material it is better to use pipes, the need for thermal insulation work, the number of adapters, whether it is necessary to equip the drainage system.

Pipe laying features

In order for the wastewater disposal system to operate smoothly, it is necessary to take into account the factors affecting its operation:

1. For an autonomous sewer system, pipes with a diameter of at least 110 mm are used.
2. Plumbing equipment can be connected to the system with pipes having a diameter of 50 mm.
3. The horizontal angle of adapters and outlets must be equal to 45 degrees.
4. Make a slope of the sewer pipe from the drain point to the septic tank. The slope must be at least 2 cm per linear meter of the pipe.
5. For sewerage passing through the site, inspection and revision wells are installed.
6. The pipeline of the sewer system is insulated if it is laid above the freezing level of the soil.
7. To seal the joints, silicone or a special sealant is used.
8. The sewerage system starts from the point of discharge and ends with a sewage treatment plant or wastewater receiver.
9. To remove gas accumulations, the entire system is equipped with ventilation openings.
10. For laying a cast-iron pipe, special equipment is needed.
11. The installation of the sewer pipe begins after marking the entire system on the site.

Note! If you intend to use cast iron pipes in an autonomous sewer system, you must buy pipes coated with a special anti-corrosion compound.

You can independently make a sewerage system without the use of heavy equipment if you choose polymer or plastic pipes.

Sewer system made of polymer pipes

Many owners of country houses refuse to use cast-iron pipes for the sewerage system due to their heavy weight and labor-intensive installation, choosing more modern plastic products. Lightweight pipes can be laid without additional manpower. In addition, plastic is characterized by excellent strength and resistance to aggressive environments.

For the inside of the sewer, it is better to use PVC pipes. They perfectly withstand drains of different temperatures.

Note! For laying outdoor sewage, use polypropylene and polyethylene pipes and other elements of the system made of these materials.

Products perfectly withstand the pressure of the soil and its freezing, without losing shape and without cracking. In addition to these characteristics, pipes and septic tanks made of polyethylene and polypropylene do not corrode and are completely sealed. The connecting parts are also made of these materials, which makes it possible to lay a high-quality pipeline for the wastewater drainage system.

The rules for laying a sewer route require compliance with one important condition - the absence of sharp turns and level changes. It is in these places that traffic jams most often form. Experts recommend installing auditors or manholes in overflow wells and turning points.

Note! When installing sewer pipes, it is necessary to comply with regulatory documents. They spelled out all the rules, including information about the depth of sewerage. You will need SNiP P-G.3-62.

Mounting

All the necessary information was carefully studied, the laying depth was calculated, the pipes and adapters of the required diameter were purchased, a treatment plant was selected, and now you can start the laying process.

First of all, it is necessary to dig a pit for a cesspool or septic tank in the place provided for by the project. After that, start digging trenches for laying pipes. The depth of the pit and trench must be at least 20 cm below the designed installation level of the sewage elements.

Note! Pipes perfectly withstand low temperatures, but the water in them can freeze in severe frosts. To avoid unpleasant situations, it is best to wrap the sewer pipes with heat-insulating material, and then fill it with a small layer of dry mixture. To prepare the backfill, take five parts of sand and one part of cement.

For the good operation of the entire system, it is important to observe the designed pipe laying slope. On a flat surface of the site, the depth of the trench near the house will be less than near the septic tank. If the site has a natural slope from the house to the septic tank, it is enough to simply dig a trench of the same depth along the entire length of the pipeline.

Note! On a site with a steep slope, it is best to divide the sewer into several compartments with different levels by installing distribution or overflow wells. If you do not slow down the movement of the drain, the destruction of the cesspool or septic tank is possible.

The bottom of the excavated trench must be well tamped and covered with a layer of sand or gravel of medium fraction. The depth of pipe laying in the trench can be completely different. With high groundwater, the pipe and deep freezing of the soil dig a deep trench, and the pipe is laid in it as high as possible. With low groundwater, the pipe is laid in the center of the trench or closer to the bottom.

Before laying, check pipes for debris. If necessary, clean the pipes well. Installation of sewer pipes begins with drain points in the house, bringing one pipe to the street. Then from the house, the pipes are laid towards the septic tank or cesspool, attaching other branches from street drains along the way.

Note! Remember to use silicone grease or O-rings when connecting two pipes. In places of branching and turns of the pipe, install auditors.

The pipes are connected as tightly as possible with force pushing all the way. When the pipes are fully connected and laid, it is necessary to carefully wrap them with any heat-insulating material. In addition to auditors and manholes, install a ventilation pipe near the house. If the sewer line is long, you can install one or two more pipes. The drain pit or septic tank must have its own ventilation.

Note! Do not rush to immediately fall asleep the system. First, make a control drain of water. It will show you how well the pipe laying work was carried out.

If all is well, first fill the sewer line with a 15 cm layer of sand with cement, and then with soil. Auditors and manholes should be at least 20 cm above the soil level.

Now you have all the information on how to lay a pipe underground so that the sewer system works without failures. In addition to the material presented, we recommend that you watch a video about laying sewer pipes on your own. If you did the sewer system yourself, share your experience with our readers by leaving comments on the article.

Video

Watch a video about the installation of the sewer system:

Watch a video about laying an external sewer:

It is difficult to imagine comfortable living in a private household without a sewer system, which has become an indispensable component of modern life. Only under the condition of high-quality pipe laying, it is possible to ensure the complete disposal of effluents and sewage.

Materials for the arrangement of sewer systems

Waste water and human waste are first transported to pipelines located outside the building, and then enter storage tanks or septic tanks.

To do this, you can use pipe products made from different raw materials. More recently, cast-iron piping has been used to create an external sewer line in one's own home. Today, everything has changed, and the external laying of sewer pipes is carried out from polymer pipe products.

The reason was the fragility of cast iron in comparison with plastic, and in addition, products made from this alloy are heavy and require special equipment for installation.

Advantages of plastic pipes

Sewer plastic pipe has a number of advantages in addition to low weight:

• without problems withstands the influence of active chemical environments;
• it is not subject to corrosive processes;
• has a smooth inner surface, so that deposits do not accumulate on it, which lead to a decrease in the throughput of pipelines.

When a sewer pipe is laid in the ground, all of the above positive characteristics are of great importance, since land work will be required to perform cleaning, repair or replacement of line elements. And this leads not only to additional time, but also financial costs.

Pipe products made from plastic have the following characteristics:

• affordable cost;
• does not conduct electricity, which is very important today due to the presence of many household electrical appliances in the house;
• non-toxicity;
• with its help, you can mount highways of various configurations.

Despite all the advantages, it will not be possible to use them if you do not know how to properly lay sewer pipes in the ground. Among the advantages of plastic products, it should also be noted that they do not lose their original appearance over time.

When arranging the sewer system indoors with your own hands, you need to use plastic products painted gray. When laying the outer part of the structure for the removal of sewage and sewage, polymer pipes of an orange, red or brick hue are used.

Basic provisions of sanitary norms and rules

In 1985, Sanitary Norms and Rules were approved, according to which sewer systems should be installed. The same document contains recommendations regarding the nuances of the installation work. In particular, it contains information regarding the depth of the pipeline and other important points.

The rules for laying sewer pipes indicate that the depth of their laying should be at least 30-50 centimeters from the soil freezing mark in each region - the calculation is carried out from the lowest point of the main. When work is carried out in areas with increased load exerted on the soil surface (for example, under the roadway), the products should be laid deeper, sometimes at around 9 meters.

The document regulates how the installation of sewer pipes in trenches should be carried out:

1. In a place where it is planned to lay a sewerage outlet from a private household, it is imperative to compact the earth. This will prevent erosion of the engineering structure by groundwater during heavy precipitation.
2. The laying of the external pipeline is considered to be correctly performed if the slope of the main line is created, which should be from 1 to 2 centimeters per linear meter. This requirement must be observed because there is no pressure pressure in domestic sewer structures.
3. The technology for laying sewer pipes in a trench provides that in your own house in a place where the pipeline bends sharply, you need to equip a special well. This allows you to make the repair work easier and in the shortest possible time to change the section of the highway that has become unusable.

There is also a rule regarding the laying of pipes for a sewer structure in the ground. It says that a layer of sand with a thickness of at least 15 centimeters must be poured at the bottom of the trench, which will ensure the stability of the system and its convenient operation. A similar layer should be covered with a sewer line from above. The use of backfill will simplify access to the pipeline if repairs are necessary.

Experts also recommend installing manholes in areas where there are significant differences in the depth of pipe laying. If the length of the network is large, several of them should be installed, observing a gap of about 25 meters.

The sequence of actions for the sewerage device

First of all, before laying the pipes, they dig a trench. The easiest way to do this is with the use of special equipment, for example, an excavator, or manually.

According to generally accepted technology, the laying of sewer pipes involves the use of pipes with a diameter of 110 millimeters. In this case, the width of the ditch should be at least 60 centimeters. Simultaneously with the increase in the cross section of the pipe to be laid, it is also necessary to expand the trench. After choosing the material, the pipe is directly laid in the trench, which has its own nuances.

Those who are interested in how to lay sewer pipes in the ground correctly should take into account that work must begin from the foundation of the building. In the absence of a pipeline for drains from the house, a hole is cut out under the base of the building and a network is supplied under it.

When there is an outlet, a bell is put on the end of the pipe leaving the building. At the same time, special attention is paid to the alignment of the joined elements.

As a rule, there are bends and turns along the entire length of the sewage and sewage pipeline - it is they who most often cause the sewer network to fail and cause serious trouble to the owners of private houses.

It is in places where the pipeline changes its direction that various deposits begin to collect. Over time, they completely block the path of movement of effluents. Experts know how to lay a sewer pipeline in a private household in order to prevent such troubles.

Therefore, they do not place advice from professionals, which are as follows:

1. The laying of sewer pipes must be carried out using bends that have different bending angles - from 15 to 90 degrees.
2. To provide convenient access to places of blockage, revisions are installed above each knee.

After completing the formation of the output from the house, the pipes are placed in the trench down with sockets and then proceed to join the products. The connection process is as follows: the edges of the products are lubricated with a special compound and they are installed all the way into the socket.

For the correct docking of engineering communications elements in a private household or in an apartment, they use a simple trick. It consists in making marks on the pipes before starting work - to determine the depth of their entry into the socket. Focusing on them, the connection is finally made.

After joining all segments of the sewer structure, they begin to insulate the pipeline. Thermal insulation is necessary in cases where the depth of pipe laying is at the level of soil freezing during winter frosts.

After the installation of the external sewer line is completed, it is necessary to fill the trench with a mandatory check of the slope of the pipeline, since this parameter could change during the connection process.

If it is planned to use the soil collected during the digging of the ditch when backfilling, it must be crushed to get rid of large clods. It is forbidden to use solid fractions or stones for this purpose, the size of which exceeds 30 centimeters, as they can damage plastic sewer pipes.

In the absence of knowledge on how to properly lay a sewer in a private house, some home craftsmen pay insufficient attention to this issue. But the arrangement of the sewer system must be carried out in compliance with a number of requirements.

The main one is as follows: the trench must be filled with earth in layers having a thickness of about 5 centimeters. The soil is compacted only on the sides of the pipe so as not to deform or damage it.

Approaches to laying pipes for sewerage in a private house and in an apartment are the same, since drains and sewage are formed in residential and utility rooms and only after that they are brought out.

Therefore, when distributing the sewer system in a modern high-rise building and in a country cottage, it is advisable to adhere to a number of requirements:

• be sure to observe the slope of the pipeline;
• minimize the number of bends and turns throughout the entire highway.

Since domestic sewage is created according to a non-pressure type, the simplest socket connection can be used when assembling pipelines. Rubber cuffs are used to seal it. This element is placed in the inner groove of the socket before the start of the connection process.

The main difference in the arrangement of the design for the disposal of wastewater and sewage in the house and in the apartment is that in the first case there is an outer part of the system laid in the ground, which leads to a septic tank or to a centralized sewer line.

You can do the above work yourself. Subject to the recommendations given by professionals, the reliability of the sewage system will be high, and the service life will be long.