This short note presents material on the topic: solar system for children. In simple and understandable language, we described the solar system, the planets that are in it and many other interesting things.

There are many objects in the Universe, including planets and satellites, stars and systems, as well as galaxies. The solar system, in which our planet Earth is located, is also full of planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, and many other interesting objects. Today, scientists suggest that our solar system was formed from a giant cloud of gas and dust. There are 8 planets in it, which are divided into 2 groups - the inner planets (they are also the planets of the terrestrial group). This group includes Mercury, Venus, Earth (the third planet from the Sun) and Mars. And the outer planets or gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Between these two groups is the asteroid belt. And behind the gas giants are trans-Neptunian objects. The largest of which is Pluto. Previously, Pluto was considered an ordinary planet, but now it is classified as a dwarf planet and at the same time the largest object in the Kuiper belt.

The Kuiper Belt is similar to the asteroid belt, but differs in that it is 20 times wider and also in its composition.

solar system

How to remember the planets and their order?

Short mnemonic phrases, also known as mnemonics, make it easier to memorize various information by forming artificial associations.

On this page we have collected memories of the planets of the solar system for children that will make this sometimes difficult task easier. simple task. The only caveat is that when they were invented, Pluto was classified as a planet, and therefore it is present in almost all memos. And as we know, since 2006 Pluto began to be considered a dwarf planet, and now when memorizing it can be omitted.

Memories of the planets of the solar system

You can remember the order of the planets of the solar system (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) by the first letters of the words M-Mercury V-Venus W-Earth M-Mars Yu-Jupiter S-Saturn U-Uranus N-Neptune P-Pluto in phrases:

• We Know After All - Yulia’s Mom Sat on Pills in the Morning!
• Little Bear Snacked on the Ham with Raspberries, Nimble Gopher Stole the Penknife.
• On a Frosty Evening I Climbed Jung's Mast, Trying to See an Unfamiliar Port.
• Mom Always Forbade Me, a Young Explorer, to Find out the Names of the Planets.
• The Sea Wolf Tormented the Young Jung, Completely Tiring the Unhappy Guy.
• We Will Meet Tomorrow, My Young Companion, Near the New Planet.
• The Wise Sorceress The Golden-Headed Fashionista of the Southern Countries Is Fond of the Newest Poetry.
• We Know Everything: Many Young Marmots Learn the Names of the Planets.
• You can fly beyond Mars, Jewelly Turning Off Our Planet.
• Mom makes strawberry juice, but the young son no longer cries.
• Venya measured the Earth with Marusya's Skirt, Satin and Uranium, He is a good-for-nothing Trickster.
• Gloomy Venereal Disease Can Quickly Slay a Tired Nymphomaniac.
• Maria of the Southern Sun Notices the Smile on the Beach Least of All.
• Little Peter Slowly Carries the Earth; The Garden is Decorated with Unbreakable Plafonds (Mnemonic of the Planets by Alexey Golovnin).
• Dreaming of getting married, take off your little skirt - you need to smile and kiss.

Remembering the order of planets in the asteroid belt

Masha Chalked the Earth with a Broom, And Yura Sat at the Spider Hole.
That is, in this phrase the letter “A” was added - the Asteroid Belt.

Memorization of planets from the farthest planet (Pluto) to the closest (Mercury) to the Sun

It is not difficult for the youngest child to remember the planets, knowing Venus and Mercury.

Poems for memorizing planets

The little hare rushed between the wolves,
slipped, stumbled, fell -
didn't get up.

All planets in order
Any of us will name it.
One Mercury, two Venus,
three Earth, four Mars.
Five Jupiter, six Saturn,
Seven Uranus, followed by Neptune.
He is the eighth in a row
and quite later
and the ninth planet called Pluto

There lived an astrologer on the moon
He kept track of the planets:
MERCURY - once,
VENUS - two, sir,
Three - EARTH,
Four - MARS,
Five - JUPITER,
Six - SATURN,
Seven - URANUS,
Eight - NEPTUNE,
Nine is PLUTO the furthest away,
If you don't see it, get out!

Verse for remembering 8 planets without Pluto

Mercury - one, Venus - two, sir,
Three - Earth, four - Mars,
Five - Jupiter, six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus, eighth - Neptune

Blank verse for remembering the order of the planets

Measuring the earthly age is not enough
the youth of the garden is wretched
no fruit

Other ways to remember the order of the planets of the solar system for children and adults

Another way to remember the order of the planets is by comparison with others, but similar words and making proposals using them.
For example: My friend Venus (Venus) fades (Mercury) on Earth (Earth). Because she ate Mars (Mars), which was lying on the music stand (Jupiter), and threw the wrapper into a full, that is, full urn (Saturn), shouting after that “Hurray” (Uranus). And not a vocational school (Neptune), but she graduated from an institute, then ran away with some rogue (Pluto).

Between two gods starting with the letter M: Mercury and Mars, there are 2 women: Venus and Earth. Behind the god Mars is his father, Jupiter. Behind the supreme god Jupiter is a planet unique with its rings - Saturn. The name Saturn encrypts both Saturn (SAT) and the subsequent planets: Uranus (UR) and Neptune (N). Following them, Pluto is not a planet, but looks like the dog Pluto looking at the pantheon with bewilderment greek gods in front of him.

Acronyms for remembering planets

Another way to learn the order of the planets is to use an acronym - that is, an abbreviation that is formed by the first sounds of words in a phrase. That is, this is a word that can be pronounced together, while it is an abbreviation. To memorize the planets, you can remember the acronym: MeVeZeMa YUSUNP.

Do you also know any interesting memos or original ways memorizing the planets of the solar system? Write them in the comments.

Thanks to space research New interesting facts about the planets and the solar system are constantly being discovered. We offer a selection of interesting information about our neighbors in space.

1. The planet closest to the Sun is Mercury. And here's the most distant planet proved more difficult to determine. Before the discovery of Pluto, it was considered the most distant of them. Subsequently, it turned out that Pluto, due to the large elongation of its orbit at perihelion, approaches the Sun closer than Neptune. And then he was completely deprived of the title of planet. From the moment of its discovery until its demotion from the planets, it did not even manage to make one revolution around the Sun.
2. In 2006, Pluto was removed from the list of planets. This happened after the discovery of the Kuiper belt beyond the orbit of Neptune, consisting of space objects comparable in size to Pluto. The largest of them are called dwarf planets - Eris, Pluto, Makemake, Haumea.

   

3. Astronomers have proposed considering Pluto and Charon a double planet. After all, Charon is only 9 times smaller in mass. And they do not rotate around one another, but around a common center of gravity (pressure center). Some scientists believe that the Sun and the gigantic planet Jupiter form a double star.

   

4. The relative positions of the planets are shown by the most large model Solar system, created in Sweden on a scale of 1:20000000 and occupying the entire territory of the country. The sun is depicted in it by the world's largest hemispherical building, Ericsson Globe in Stockholm (diameter 110 m). Mercury is located 2900 m away in the City Museum. Venus - in Royal Polytechnic Institute, Earth - in the Natural History Museum, Mars - in shopping center in the suburbs of the Swedish capital. The outer planets are already located far from Stockholm: Jupiter is at the crossroads near Sky City at Arland Airport, Saturn is at Celsius Square in Uppsala, and the patron saint of fishing, Neptune, is in the port of Söderhamn. Uranium will be rebuilt after an act of vandalism. Pluto with Charon - near Lake Dellen. This map of the Solar System also shows asteroids, dwarf planets, and comets. The last facility is planned to be located in the polar city of Kiruna.

   

5. Jupiter, consisting of hydrogen and helium, like the Sun, holds the record for mass. It is 2.5 times heavier than all other planets. It’s not for nothing that the science fiction writer A. Azimov uttered a humorous phrase that the solar system is Jupiter plus some debris.

   

6. Jupiter has a huge gravitational force. Therefore, it captures space objects flying past. The most famous case is the fall of fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy in 1994, which was observed by scientists around the world. The picture of this cataclysm inspired filmmakers to create disaster films about the collision of the Earth with a large space object - a comet or an asteroid. But it is thanks to Jupiter that most of the space “junk” does not reach the Earth, ending its path near this giant.

   

7. Jupiter has more than 60 moons. Io, Europa, Callisto and Ganymede were discovered by Galileo. Scientists believe that the large moons of Jupiter may become the first objects of space colonization for humanity. In addition, there is liquid water under the ice on Europa, which means life can exist. The presence of water is also assumed at Ganymede and Callisto.

   

8. Saturn is famous for its rings. They were discovered by Galileo Galilei, the creator of the first telescope. But later it turned out that the other giant planets also have rings: Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus. It is believed that these are fragments of cosmic bodies captured by the gravitational field of planets and destroyed. But the brightest and most noticeable rings are still those of Saturn.

   

9. The rarest planet is Saturn. The density of its substance is 0.687 g/cm³, that is, it is lighter than water.

   

10. Neptune - the planet "discovered at the tip of a pen". Mathematicians Adams and Le Verrier, studying the movement of celestial bodies, each independently came to the conclusion that there must be another planet in the solar system. Only its influence could explain the deviations in the movement of other planets. And in 1846, astronomer I. G. Galle discovered an unknown object in the predicted location. Since its discovery, the planet has flown around the Sun only once, which takes about 164 years.

    

11. Among the giant planets, Neptune has the highest density. But the force of gravity on it is only 17% greater than on Earth. However, it is impossible to land on its surface, since it consists mainly of gases: hydrogen, helium, methane, etc. Neptune owes its blue color to methane.

    

12. The Voyager spacecraft discovered an amazing hexagonal vortex on the planet Saturn that has existed for several decades. Another vortex - Big dark spot- existed until 1994, and the wind speed there reached an incredible value of 2400 km per hour! Previously, only the permanently active Red Spot vortex on Jupiter was known.

    

13. Venus has the densest atmosphere, made of carbon dioxide.. The clouds on it contain compounds of chlorine, sulfur, and sulfuric acid. The temperature on the planet's surface is more than 460°C.

    

14. Venus rotates around its axis not like the other planets, but from east to west. Moreover, it turns around its axis in 243 days, and around the Sun - much faster, in 225 days. Uranus also “breaks the rules” by spinning on its side.

    

15. The highest mountain in the solar system is Olympus Mons on Mars.. The height of this extinct volcano more than 21 km.

    

This is a system of planets, at the center of which is bright star, source of energy, heat and light - the Sun.
According to one theory, the Sun was formed along with the Solar System about 4.5 billion years ago as a result of the explosion of one or more supernovae. Initially, the solar system was a cloud of gas and dust particles, which, in motion and under the influence of their mass, formed a disk in which new star The sun and our entire solar system.

At the center of the solar system is the Sun, around which nine large planets revolve in orbit. Since the Sun is displaced from the center of planetary orbits, during the cycle of revolution around the Sun the planets either approach or move away in their orbits.

There are two groups of planets:

Terrestrial planets: And . These planets are small in size with a rocky surface and are closest to the Sun.

Giant planets: And . These are large planets, consisting mainly of gas and characterized by the presence of rings consisting of icy dust and many rocky chunks.

But does not fall into any group, because, despite its location in the Solar System, it is located too far from the Sun and has a very small diameter, only 2320 km, which is half the diameter of Mercury.

Planets of the Solar System

Let's begin a fascinating acquaintance with the planets of the Solar System in order of their location from the Sun, and also consider their main satellites and some other space objects (comets, asteroids, meteorites) in the gigantic expanses of our planetary system.

Rings and moons of Jupiter: Europa, Io, Ganymede, Callisto and others...
The planet Jupiter is surrounded by a whole family of 16 satellites, and each of them has its own unique features...

Rings and moons of Saturn: Titan, Enceladus and others...
Not only the planet Saturn has characteristic rings, but also other giant planets. Around Saturn, the rings are especially clearly visible, because they consist of billions of small particles that revolve around the planet, in addition to several rings, Saturn has 18 satellites, one of which is Titan, its diameter is 5000 km, which makes it the largest satellite in the solar system...

Rings and moons of Uranus: Titania, Oberon and others...
The planet Uranus has 17 satellites and, like other giant planets, there are thin rings surrounding the planet that have practically no ability to reflect light, so they were discovered not so long ago in 1977, completely by accident...

Rings and moons of Neptune: Triton, Nereid and others...
Initially, before the exploration of Neptune by the Voyager 2 spacecraft, two satellites of the planet were known - Triton and Nerida. Interesting fact that the Triton satellite has the opposite direction of orbital motion; strange volcanoes were also discovered on the satellite that erupted nitrogen gas, like geysers, spreading a dark-colored mass (from liquid state into steam) many kilometers into the atmosphere. During its mission, Voyager 2 discovered six more moons of the planet Neptune...

Watching starry sky, people noticed that some of the celestial bodies were moving across the sky relative to the stars. Subsequently, they found out that some of these celestial bodies are planets, which, like the Earth, revolve around the Sun. One of these planets has a reddish hue and people named it Mars, after the god of war.

Observations of Mars were carried out by the ancient Egyptians. There were no telescopes then, and ancient scientists could not examine the Red Planet in detail.

With the advent of the first telescopes, it became possible to examine Mars in more detail. Even then, scientists knew that the planet Mars was our neighbor, the fourth planet from the Sun. They calculated that this planet completes a full revolution around the Sun in almost two Earth years. Therefore, our planet Earth catches up with Mars in orbit every two years. At such moments, which are called "opposition", Mars is close to Earth and scientists are able to see more details on its surface. Once every 15-17 years, “great oppositions” occur, when the Earth comes especially close to Mars during its orbital movement.

Even the imperfect telescopes of medieval scientists made it possible to see white areas at the poles of Mars - the polar caps. Since the polar caps on Earth are made of water ice, people decided that there was water on Mars too. At the same time, some astronomers noticed that the surface of Mars periodically changes its color, and the polar caps become larger and smaller. These observations led scientists of that time to the conclusion that the seasons change on Mars, and the color of the surface changes due to rapid growth plants. It also turned out that Mars has two satellites - Phobos and Deimos, which are so small that they were discovered only when telescopes began to have high enough magnification, at the end of the nineteenth century.

Mars is a planet similar to Earth in many ways, but only smaller in size. Observations through telescopes have revealed that this planet has an atmosphere. And a theory appeared that there is life on Mars. This theory became so popular in society that at the end of the nineteenth century English writer H.G. Wells wrote a science fiction novel, The War of the Worlds, in which the Martians were described as evil conquerors of the Earth, who ultimately died from earthly diseases. Wells’ baton was picked up by the Russian writer Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy, who wrote the novel “Aelita” at the beginning of the twentieth century about the adventures of the engineer Losev and his companions on Mars.

The topic of life on Mars remained popular until the sixties of the twentieth century, until the exploration of the Red Planet by interplanetary probes began. In photographs taken by space probes at close range, Mars appeared as a lifeless, rocky planet plagued by sandstorms. There was a lot of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere and very little oxygen. The temperature at the poles reaches minus 100 degrees Celsius, and the polar caps there are not made of water, but of frozen carbon dioxide! And only in the equatorial belt there are above-zero temperatures during certain periods.

There were very high mountains on Mars, former volcanoes. Some of them are more than ten kilometers high. There are also many giant gorges and canyons on the planet, which in photographs look like the beds of giant rivers.

By studying information received from spacecraft, scientists have suggested that Mars was once a more attractive planet for life. Rivers flowed across its surface, and its atmosphere was denser. But after millions of years, Mars lost its atmosphere, the rivers dried up and now we are looking at a lifeless planet.

People continue to study Mars and send not only aircraft, but also special rovers to study the surface of the Red Planet. One of them, called Curiosity, arrived on Mars in August 2012. For several years now, a smart machine has been traveling through the Martian deserts, tirelessly taking pictures, drilling wells, analyzing the composition of the atmosphere, helping scientists uncover the mysteries of the distant Red Planet. And the name of this rover, remarkably, was invented by American schoolchildren.

How can you introduce the planets of the solar system to children? This question interests not only teachers, but also parents who want to introduce their children to astronomical observations. It is best to start a description of the Solar System with the brightest star - the source of heat and energy.

For example, you can tell children that the planet appeared due to a violent explosion of several stars that occurred almost 4.5 billion years ago.

The origin of the solar system was studied by ancient astronomers, trying to connect the Sun with the phenomena that occurred on Earth.

Planets of the Solar System

Its center is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their own orbits, each of which deserves close attention.

An interesting fact is that until 2006 the building solar system included Pluto, calling it the ninth planet. But, after the size of the planet and the distance to the Sun were determined, astronomers found out that it was a dwarf planet, and therefore they began to refer it to the Kuiper belt.

Division into groups

When examining the structure of the solar system with schoolchildren, it can be noted that all planets are divided into groups:

• terrestrial group;
• gas giants.

The first group includes the following planets: Venus, Mercury, Mars, Earth. They have small sizes, rocky surface, are closest to the Sun.

The gas giants include: Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter. These planets are characterized large sizes. Some have rings that are made up of icy dust and rocky chunks.

Sun

It is impossible without a story about this star. It is around it that the planets and satellites in the solar system revolve. The celestial body consists of helium and hydrogen. The age of the Sun is 4.5 billion years. It is currently located in the center life cycle, there is a gradual increase in size. After the same number of years, the star will expand and approach the Earth’s orbit.

It is the Sun that is the main source of light and heat for the Earth. The star changes its activity every 11 years. The temperatures on its surface are so high that no special apparatus has yet been able to come close to the star and take clear pictures.

Earth group

Astronomy for children includes an overview of each planet.

Mercury is a planet that can be called the smallest in the solar system.

Its diameter is only 4879 kilometers. Mercury is closest to the Sun. IN daytime on the planet the temperature is about +350 degrees Celsius, and at night the figure drops to -170 degrees.

If we compare it with an earthly year, then Mercury completes a full revolution around the sun in 88 days, and a day is equal to 59 earthly days. Astronomers have been able to establish that the speed of Mercury's rotation around the Sun changes periodically.

Mercury has no atmosphere, which is why the planet is often attacked by asteroids, which leave a huge number of craters on the surface.

Due to its proximity to the brightest star in our Galaxy, Mercury is poorly studied. Astronomers were able to detect helium, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, and sodium on the planet. What secret does this planet in the solar system have?

For children, it can be noted that according to one version, Mercury is considered former, but evidence for this theory has not yet been found.

Venus

This planet is the second farthest from the Sun. It is close in size to the Earth, its diameter is 12,104 kilometers. As for the other parameters, they differ significantly from our planet.

The length of a day on Venus is 242 Earth days, the year lasts 255 days. 95% of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, which is why it is created on Venus greenhouse effect, the result is a temperature of 475 degrees Celsius. It was possible to detect 0.1% oxygen and 5% nitrogen in the atmosphere.

There is practically no liquid on Venus; it is covered with frozen basaltic lava. There is an interesting version according to which there were once oceans on the planet, but due to high temperature, they evaporated, steam solar wind carried into outer space.

Weak winds are observed near the planet, but at an altitude of 50 kilometers, their speed increases significantly and reaches 300 m/s.

Found on the planet large number hills and craters that resemble the earth's continents. The formation of craters is due to the fact that the planet once had a less dense atmosphere.

As distinctive feature Venus can be noted for its movement from east to west, which is unusual for other planets. The reason for this anomaly lies in the ability of its atmosphere to completely reflect sunlight. Venus has no natural satellites.

Earth

When discussing how many planets there are in the solar system, one cannot fail to mention our Earth. It is located at a distance of 150 million kilometers from the Sun. This remoteness explains the comfortable temperature on our planet, suitable for liquid water. That is why the Earth in the solar system is the only planet on which there is life.

More than 70% of its surface was covered with water. There is a version according to which many thousands of years ago the atmosphere contained steam, which made it possible to create on the surface the temperature necessary for its transition to a liquid state of aggregation.

The Earth is a special planet in the solar system. After all, its atmosphere contains oxygen, which is necessary for the process of photosynthesis, as well as for the respiration of living organisms.

The diameter of our planet is 12,742 km.

The length of an earthly day is 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds. What is special about this planet in the solar system? It will be interesting for children to learn that in the depths of the planet there are huge tectonic plates, when they collide, the landscape changes.

In addition to oxygen, earth's atmosphere there are inert gases, and 77% is nitrogen.

What other features does this planet in the solar system have? For children, you can prepare a story about how the Moon acts as a natural satellite of the planet, which is always turned to the Earth with one side.

Mars

Let's try to figure out the secret of the “red” planet of the solar system. For children, it should be noted that Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is much smaller than the Earth, its radius is only 6779 km. The planet allows temperature differences from -155 degrees to +20 degrees at the equator.

Mars has an insignificant magnetic field and a very thin atmosphere, so solar radiation penetrates unhindered onto the surface of the planet. Answering the question about the possibility of the existence of life on the planet, scientists come to the conclusion that living beings can only survive inside Mars.

Automatic devices that examined the surface of the planet discovered glaciers and dry river beds. Martian sand contains iron oxide, which gives the planet its red color.

People come here often dust storms, which are destructive. 96% of the atmosphere of Mars is carbon dioxide, and the content of water vapor and oxygen is minimal. The planet has two satellites: Deimos and Phobos. They are small in size and have an uneven shape, similar to asteroids.

Gas giants

When discussing how many planets there are in the solar system, one cannot ignore Jupiter, Uranus, and Saturn.

Most big planet in the solar system is Jupiter. The diameter of this planet is 19 times greater than that of Earth. Most of the planet is made up of argon, xenon, and krypton. There is helium and hydrogen in the atmosphere of this planet, but there is no water on the surface. Jupiter has about 67 moons. Among the largest are: Europa, Callisto, Io, Ganymede.

Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system. It is similar in composition to the Sun. The planet's atmosphere contains hydrogen and a small amount of helium. In its upper layers, auroras and thunderstorms are often observed.

What makes Saturn unique is that it has 65 moons and several rings made up of small particles of ice and rock formations.

Uranus is the third largest planet and the seventh largest planet from the Sun. Astronomers call it an “ice planet” because its surface temperature is -224 degrees.

Of the 27 satellites of Uranus, the largest are: Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, Miranda.

Neptune is rightly called the ice giant. Scientists have found that on this planet the wind speed reaches 700 m/s. The largest of the 14 moons of this planet is Triton.

Conclusion

In order to interest children in astronomical research, the teacher must choose the right material for an initial acquaintance with the planets of the solar system. Schoolchildren are interested in legends and myths told in such a way that children have a desire to independently find material about each planet.