The safety of the cargo is determined by the quality of its transportation. When the property has large dimensions, the choice of the side of the carrier must be approached with particular care. The right transport company means safety, integrity and timely delivery of cargo.

In the transport service industry big choice suggestions, the main thing is not to make a mistake. In particular, the transport company "Pit-Stop" has been operating in the cargo transportation market for more than 7 years, has an excellent reputation, well-deserved partnerships, a fleet of vehicles with a wide range of special equipment. Delivery of oversized cargo to all regions of the Russian Federation is the main direction of the organization's conscientious activity.

Exist international rules for the transport of bulky goods, their observance is regulated at the legislative level of the Russian Federation. The specifics of the activity of transport companies is high-quality transportation various kinds cargo.

Oversized loads. Restrictions

Transportation of goods, according to the rules of the road, is carried out by special overall transport. The same rules spell out allowable dimensions for the transportation of goods in accordance with established international standards.

• Cargo weight should not be more than recommended by the manufacturer for each type of vehicle;
• The dimensions of the load should not limit the driver's visibility of the road interfere with or restrict traffic control;
• Dimensions of cargo protruding beyond the limits of vehicles(length - 1 m, width - 0.4 m), must be marked with identification marks (reflector, lantern, patch of red or white fabric).

All transportation of extraordinary cargo (heavy, dangerous, specific sizes, etc.), which exceed the standards by any parameters, is carried out by oversized transport in accordance with the established rules.

Maximum allowable dimensions transported cargo:

• width - 2650 mm;
• length - 22000 mm;
• height - 4000 mm;
• total weight - 38-40 tons.

Maybe increase the allowable cargo dimension in length, from the back of the vehicle no more than 2 m. In this case prerequisite is the presence of identification marks (signal lights, reflector, red cloth).

In conditions exceeding the permissible norms, for the transportation of bulky and heavy cargo, it is necessary to obtain special permit and escort service of the traffic police.

Consequences for violation of the rules of cargo transportation

Loads exceeding the established norms can create difficult or emergency situations on the road.

For safe transportation, it is necessary to take into account state of the roadway, its compliance with the expected loads:

• patency;
• the presence and proximity of electrical wires;
• carrying capacity of the transport bed;
• the presence of tunnels, bridges and other obstacles on the way.

For violation of the rules and regulations for the transportation of heavy and bulky goods, the owners (companies) of vehicles are fined. The system of fines provides for recovery of up to 500 thousand rubles.

Organization of cargo transportation

Conscientious specialists of transport companies work in accordance with the norms of Russian legislation, which ensures the competent organization of cargo delivery.

The cost of current tariffs for cargo transportation can be found on the company's website pit-stopp.ru, the entire range of available equipment is also provided there. Transportation of valuable, non-standard cargo should be trusted only to competent logistics specialists who have a good reputation and some experience in this type of activity. Only they can fully ensure high-quality and safe transportation of goods to any region of the Russian Federation.

There are standard requirements and rules according to which heavy and oversized cargo is transported. SDA clearly regulate the features of their transportation on roads located on the territory Russian Federation.

What is oversized cargo?

Any object to be transported, with parameters exceeding the dimensions established by traffic rules, is called oversized (heavy) cargo. It does not have a clear definition and consists of a number of requirements that apply to the loading platform and the condition of the road surface.

The main parameters of cargo are height, length, width and weight. If an object exceeds the allowable values ​​in one of these indicators, it is considered to be an oversized cargo.

The difficulties of oversized transportation are primarily related to the peculiarities of the roads and the presence of tunnels and bridges along the route, which have restrictions on the height of arches and driveways, as well as the carrying capacity. This also includes the intersections with railway crossings on the roads, as well as the presence of communication lines and power lines. Transportation may still be limited by weather conditions and the type of road surface.

Some types of agricultural special equipment, boats and yachts, drilling rigs, turbines, concrete products and other objects of various shapes, sizes and large masses can serve as an example of oversized cargo. Thus, any object can be considered oversized if, due to the peculiarities of its shape, size, weight and other parameters, it cannot be transported in a closed vehicle (for example, using containers of standard sizes).

Rules for the transportation of oversized cargo

According to clause 23.3 of the traffic rules, oversized and heavy loads are allowed to be transported if they do not affect the quality of the driver's view, do not impair the stability of the vehicle, do not block the visibility of reflectors, identification marks and lighting devices.

Oversized cargo should not create noise, impair visibility on the roadway for other road users by raising dust, cause mechanical damage pavement, as well as provide negative impact on the environment.

Paragraph 23.4 of the SDA states that if the object being transported exceeds the size of the transport platform by more than 1 m in front and behind, as well as by 0.4 m on one or each of its sides, the cargo must be equipped with a special reflective sign " Oversized cargo.

Important: transportation of oversized items in conditions of insufficient lighting or at night is permitted only if the following conditions are met: a white reflector or a lantern must be fixed to the front of the object, and a red reflector at the back. In addition, the vehicle must be equipped with orange and yellow flashing beacons.

When transporting oversized cargo by road, the speed of the vehicle must not exceed 60 km/h (when driving on bridges - 15 km/h). At the same time, the driver does not have the right to independently change the route, which is agreed in advance with government agencies. This is due to the load that the main routes, roads and structures located on a certain route can withstand.

Cargoes, depending on their weight and size indicators, are conventionally divided into 2 categories (taking into account the vehicle) - with a load on each axle and permissible dimensions (length, width, height). Thus, a car platform is considered a heavy load if its mass or axle load exceeds the established values. Oversized cargo is such transport (regardless of whether it is loaded or not), the dimensions of which exceed the allowable dimensions.

The instruction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation today regulates the transportation of oversized cargo and is the main normative document which permits their transportation by road. At the same time, any objects belonging to the category of heavy and oversized cargo are allowed for transportation subject to strict compliance with the traffic rules of the Russian Federation, transportation rules, as well as special requirements, which are indicated in the corresponding permission.

An important regulatory document regulating the procedure for compensating for damage caused to roads and various structures by freight vehicles is Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 962 dated September 29, 1995. Its provisions apply to transport companies and drivers transporting heavy and oversized cargo on roads located in Russia.

Important: For the transportation of oversized items, the owners of transport companies need to obtain a special permit. This can be done by submitting an application to the relevant road authorities, which are located in the region from where the truck route is planned. To obtain a permit for the transportation of oversized items of all categories outside the Russian Federation, an application must be submitted to the Ministry of Transport of Russia or to any of its divisions. If the route passes through the roads of federal importance, with the corresponding application, you should contact the Federal Highway Administration Service. To obtain a permit for the transportation of heavy and oversized objects along the route that passes through the roads belonging to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, you must contact the territorial authorities of the roads (at the location of the transport company-carrier).

According to the Instructions for the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo, an application from carriers is submitted in a strictly prescribed form. It must contain the following information:

• data on organizations coordinating the transportation of oversized items;
• the exact dimensions, category and nature of the cargo being transported;
• weight and size indicators of the vehicle;
• terms of transportation of oversized items of certain categories;
• detailed itinerary;
• type, name, purpose and throughput highways.

A permit for the transportation of oversized cargo can be issued by government agencies on a one-time basis or for a specified period. It depends on the category to which the objects to be transported belong, as well as on the type and features of their transportation. The received one-time permit indicates the exact route of the transport with the cargo, the terms agreed in advance. It is valid only once.

As for the documents issued for a certain period, they allow the transportation of oversized cargo of the first category and can be valid for 1-3 months. In order to obtain a permit for the transportation of heavy and oversized cargo of the second category, the trucking company must submit schemes:

• road trains with depicted vehicles taking part in the transportation;
• location of axles and wheels on vehicles;
• distribution of axial loads.

The carrier company obtains permission from the state authorities of the highways, which also coordinate the transportation of oversized cargo along the route with the balance holders of communications and various structures (overpasses, metro, underground pipelines, power lines, etc.), authorized bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as regional departments of railways .

After obtaining the appropriate permission, coordination of transportation with the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is required. It is mandatory to agree on the requirements for the transportation of oversized goods to ensure traffic safety. The carrier must obtain a special type pass from the traffic inspectorate, which gives the right to carry out transportation, which should be placed on the windshield of the truck.

Without fail, representatives of the road inspectorate determine the need for escorting oversized and heavy cargo. For this can be used:

• traffic police patrol cars;
• tractors;
• cover cars.

Please note that cover vehicles are used to escort cargo without fail if the vehicle width exceeds 3.5 m, and also if the road train used to transport oversized cargo is more than 24 m in length. Tractors and cover vehicles must be allocated for the transportation of oversized cargo by the carrier company or the consignor of the cargo.

The traffic police patrol car takes part in the transportation of cargo if the vehicle is wider than 4 m, the length of the road train is more than 30 m, and the object being transported belongs to the second category. This should also include cases when the used automobile cargo platform is forced to occupy part of the road in the oncoming traffic lane.

Oversized cargo is escorted by patrol cars on a contractual basis. When using cover vehicles, the latter must be equipped with flashing beacons without fail. Such cars move at a distance of 15-20 m to the left in relation to the escorted transport that carries the goods, so that the width of its dimensions protrudes beyond the width of the escorted vehicle.

If you have to move across the bridge, the position of vehicles and the distance must also be agreed with the traffic police, drawing up certain scheme travel.

Important: if due to a number of circumstances it became necessary to change the route when transporting oversized cargo, the carrier company is obliged to obtain an appropriate permit.

Owners of motor transport enterprises, officials and drivers for violation of the rules for the carriage of goods and the operation of vehicles, which are established by manufacturers, are liable in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Permissible cargo dimensions for transportation by road

Transportation of heavy and non-standard cargo according to traffic rules is carried out by special vehicles. The oversized weight must not exceed the allowable values ​​established by the manufacturers of various types of vehicles. As for the dimensions of the transported goods, they should not limit the visibility of the driver and not interfere with the control of the vehicle.

So, if the cargo protrudes beyond the limits of the vehicle, it must be marked with a special sign "Oversized cargo", and in the absence of the latter - with patches of red or white fabric, lanterns or reflectors.

For trucks

Transportation of extraordinary cargo exceeding any of the established standard parameters, is performed according to the rules using oversized transport. So, for objects transported by trucks, the following allowable dimensions are established:

• length - 22 m;
• height - 4 m;
• width - 2.65 m;
• weight - 40 tons.

If necessary, from the rear side of the vehicle, the length of the transported cargo can be increased up to 2 m, while the presence of identification marks is a prerequisite for transportation.

For cars

If the load exceeds the length of a passenger car by 1 m and the width by 0.4 m, it must also be marked with a special sign or a piece of red cloth. When transporting at night, an additional lamp or sign made of reflective material should be installed. It is forbidden to transport cargo, the height of which (from the level of the road) exceeds 4 m, and its weight is the values ​​​​set by the vehicle manufacturer.

Sign "Oversized cargo" - dimensions

The identification mark indicating the transportation of oversized cargo by road vehicles is called "Oversized cargo". SDA defines the dimensions of this sign, which looks like a square with a side length of 0.4 m. Inside it there are stripes of white and red alternating under a certain slope, the width of which is 50 mm (GOST R12.4.026-2001).
This sign must be applied to oversized cargo. It can be purchased or made independently in the form of a sticker or pattern from reflective materials.

Oversize fine

According to Art. 12.21 SDA in case of violation of the rules for transporting goods, the driver can be punished in the form of a warning or fined 500 rubles. This can happen if there is no special sign, the transported object is not securely fixed on the vehicle, the cargo makes a lot of noise or dust. These penalties apply to owners of vehicles carrying goods that do not require a special permit.

If a vehicle carrying an extraordinary load exceeds the allowable dimensions by no more than 10 cm in the absence of a special permit, or if the dimensions have a value not exceeding the parameters specified in the permit by 10 cm, or if the axle load of the vehicle exceeds the parameters specified in the permit from 2 to 10%, this entails the imposition of an administrative fine. For drivers, its size is 1-1.5 thousand rubles, for officials - 10-15 thousand rubles, for legal entities - 100-150 thousand rubles. If the above violations are recorded technical means photo and video filming, the owner of a trucking company can be fined 150 thousand rubles.

In the event that the dimensions of the vehicle exceed the established dimensions by 0.1 m (but not more than 0.2 m), and also if its mass or axle load exceeds the permissible value by 10% (but not more than 20%) without an appropriate permit, the following are provided fines: for drivers - 3-4 thousand rubles, for officials - 25-30 thousand rubles, for legal entities - 250-300 thousand rubles. In the case of photo or video recording, the owner of the vehicle will be fined 300 thousand rubles.

If the dimensions of the vehicle are exceeded by 20 to 50 cm, and also if the mass or axle load exceeds the permissible by 20-50% without special permission, the following fines are provided. Drivers - 5-10 thousand rubles or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for a period of 2 to 4 months. Officials responsible for the transportation of oversized items can be fined 35-40 thousand rubles, legal entities - from 350 to 400 thousand rubles. In case of photo or video recording of violations, the fine will be 400 thousand for legal entities.

If the dimensions of the vehicle exceed the allowable values ​​by 50 cm, as well as if its mass or axle load is more than 50% of the designated norm with the appropriate permit, the driver will be fined 7-10 thousand rubles or deprived of their rights for a period of 4 to 6 months . For officials, a fine of 45-50 thousand rubles is provided, and for legal entities - 400-500 thousand rubles (500 thousand in case of photo or video recording of violations).

If the consignor provides inaccurate data on the dimensions, weight, route of transportation of the cargo, and also does not indicate the number and date of the special permit, penalties for drivers will amount to 1-1.5 thousand rubles. The fine for officials is 15-20 thousand rubles, for legal entities - 200-300 thousand rubles.

If the permissible weight, axle load of the vehicle, as well as dimensions exceed the values ​​specified in the permit, individual entrepreneurs or legal entities will be punished in the form of penalties. For individual entrepreneurs, their amount will be 80-100 thousand rubles, for carrier companies - 250-400 thousand rubles.

In case of non-compliance with the requirements of prescriptive road signs that prohibit the movement of vehicles, the mass of which or the axle load does not correspond to the specified ones, an administrative fine will amount to 5 thousand rubles.

When is it not allowed to transport oversized goods by road?

There are certain situations in which the transportation of heavy and oversized cargo is not allowed. The rules for the transportation of oversized cargo prohibit:

• exceed the established speed of movement of vehicles;
• independently change the established route;
• transport cargo in icy conditions;
• transport oversized items without permits and passes;
• to move along the road shoulders without a special permit;
• stop vehicles on roads in violation of traffic rules;
• carry out the transportation of goods on a faulty vehicle.

Carriers are obliged to strictly comply with the rules for the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo. This will avoid paying considerable fines, ensure the safety of road users and the quality of delivery.

In a passenger car, goods can be transported in the cabin, in the trunk, and on the trunk. But subject to certain requirements.

1. Transportation of cargo is prohibited if it limits the driver's view.

If the load being transported obscures the rear view, this is only permissible if the vehicle is equipped with exterior rear-view mirrors on both sides.

However, if the cargo closes the view on the right or left, or, God forbid, in front, then the transportation of such cargo is strictly prohibited.

2. Transportation of cargo is prohibited if it makes it difficult to drive a vehicle.

To place the load, the driver pushed his seat forward a lot.

Now it will be difficult to drive a car. And, therefore, such transportation of goods is prohibited.

3. Transportation of cargo is prohibited if it violates the stability of the vehicle.

The vehicle is sensitive to a shift in the center of gravity. If the load is heavy, then with this arrangement the car will inevitably pull to the left.

And it’s better not to talk about turns or turns.

This is how to arrange the load - it's smart. And it does not contradict the requirements of the Rules.

4. Transportation of cargo is prohibited if it covers external lighting devices, as well as registration or identification marks.

I can't imagine the load that covers the headlights, and even more so, the front numbers. That is, you can imagine it - let's say the load on the trunk and hangs down to the ground. But in this case, the load necessarily closes the driver's view. And this alone is enough to make such transportation impossible.

But if the cargo closes rear numbers and block rear parking lights, then it does not interfere with movement.

But the Rules for such transportation of goods is prohibited.

5. Transportation of cargo is prohibited if it interferes with the perception of hand signals.

The rules refer to the situation when the direction indicators or brake lights fail on the way, and you need to somehow get to your destination. In this case, as you already know, the driver is required to give hand signals. So, if the cargo being transported prevents other drivers from seeing these signals, further movement is prohibited.

6. Transportation of cargo is prohibited if it is noisy, dusty and pollutes the environment.

One can imagine how a cargo can dust or pollute the environment. But how he can make noise, by God, I don’t know.

7. If the cargo protrudes beyond the dimensions of the vehicle.

less than 1 meter ,

If the load protrudes beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front or behind more than 1 meter , then…

... during daylight hours, the cargo both in front and behind must be marked with identification signs "Oversized cargo" ...

... and at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, in addition to the sign in front, the cargo must be marked with a lantern or retroreflector white color, and behind - a flashlight or a red reflector.

If the performance behind more than 2 meters, the transportation of such cargo must be agreed with the traffic police department, on the territory of which the transportation route begins. That is, for you and me, this simply means that the transportation of such cargo is prohibited.

Interestingly, the Rules did not limit the protrusion of the cargo in front. And, therefore, here the driver needs to be guided by common sense.

8. If the cargo protrudes from the side of the vehicle.

As for the protrusion of the load from the side, here the Rules set a difficult task for the drivers. It is necessary to measure the distance not from the extreme point of the vehicle dimensions, but from the edge of the side light.

If the protrusion of the load from the edge of the marker light does not exceed 0.4 meters, and the total width of the load no more than 2.55 meters, nothing to worry about. You can safely carry such a load.

If the protrusion of the cargo from the edge of the side light exceeds 0.4 meters, but the width of the cargo is not more than 2.55 meters, such cargo is allowed to be transported. It just needs to be marked.

During daylight hours, such cargo must be marked on both sides with identification signs "Oversized cargo".

At night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, the cargo, in addition to signs, must be marked in front with white lights or retroreflectors, and in the back with red lights or retroreflectors.

If the width of the load exceeds 2.55 meters (regardless of how much it protrudes from the side), consider that the carriage of such a load is prohibited.

According to the rules road traffic Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as SDA), the permissible width of a vehicle is 2 meters 60 centimeters for refrigerators and isothermal vans and 2 meters 55 centimeters for other vehicles. The maximum vehicle height is 4 meters. The maximum length of a road train including one trailer cannot exceed 20 meters, while the length of the tractor and trailer cannot exceed 12 meters.

The permissible mass of a two-axle vehicle (hereinafter referred to as the vehicle) cannot exceed 18 tons, 25 tons for a 3-axle vehicle and 32 tons for a 4-axle vehicle. The mass of a 3-axle road train must not exceed 28 tons, a 4-axle road train 36 tons and a 5-axle road train 40 tons.

The maximum axial load at a distance of more than 2 meters between the nearest axles should not exceed 10 tons per axle, at a distance of 1.65 to 2 meters inclusive 9 tons, at a distance of 1.35 to 1.65 m inclusive. should not exceed 8 tons, at a distance of 100 to 135 cm, the maximum axial load should not exceed 7 tons, and with a distance between the nearest axles, the maximum axial load per 1 axle should not exceed 6 tons.

All vehicles that do not fit into these restrictions are oversized and for their movement on public roads you need to obtain special permits. For driving a vehicle exceeding these dimensions, the driver is fined or withdrawn by the VU in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

The main problem is the lack of understanding by drivers of these norms. So let's break it down into questions and answers.

B: car width 2.55 + mirrors. Is it oversized?
A: No, this is the size.

Q: Is it possible to overhang the load by 0.4m on each side and 2m behind?
A: yes, but at the same time, the width of the vehicle with a load cannot be more than 2.55 m, and the length of the road train cannot be more than 20 meters.

Q: what does the phrase "strike along the axes" mean.
A: For example, a 3-axle truck enters the scale. The total weight is less than 25 tons, the distance between the rear axles is 135 cm, but the load on the rear bogie is 20 tons, i.e. not 8 tons per axle, but 10. This is not much better than that if the truck weighed more than 25 tons.

Q: I was carrying tires (tires are taken as an example), on the road they fell apart, opened the tent and took away my license. IDPS right?
A: Yes, IDPS is right, as the dimensions of the vehicle are exceeded, but there is no permit. The driver is responsible for exceeding the dimensions.

Q: The walls of the refrigerator, which according to the documents has a width of 2.6 m, are “inflated” even without cargo, will the rights be taken away?
A: Yes, they will.

Q: The height of the vehicle on the raised cushions (meaning the axle cushions, analogue of the springs) in the transport position is 402 cm, will the rights be taken away?
A: Yes, the rights will be taken away. If in the transport position the vehicle exceeds the dimensions, then these are your problems, they do not care about IDPS. Try to bleed air during stops or look for legal justifications for the fact that your vehicle was measured not in accordance with GOST.

Q: according to the documents, the cargo is 20 tons, it fits into the gauge, it turned out on the scales that there are 25 tons, who is to blame.
A: The shipper is to blame, he will pay for all the “representation”, but often it is not always possible to immediately prove this, so legal delays are possible.

As you can see, the working conditions are quite tough and the driver almost always has a good chance of being left without documents, but you should not be afraid of this and give money, since giving a bribe is a serious article, and your guilt has yet to be proven in court. According to the stories of those who carry oversized cargo, there are years when they travel for 8-10 months a year not with a license, but with a temporary permit. The main thing is to know the laws, and not at the level of “heard somewhere”, but verbatim formulations and, if possible, carry a collection of laws with you.