You may never have thought about it, but if you have kidney stones, you need to take your diet seriously. In your situation, proper nutrition is vital. After all, the food you choose can help you cure kidney stones. There are also foods that can make your condition worse. This article will help you take a fresh look at this issue.

What you need to know about kidney stones

Before we talk about foods to avoid if you suffer from kidney stones, we would like to talk more about what this disease is.

Such stones are formed from microscopic particles, which are crystals. In most people, these particles do not appear in the urine. But in the work of each organism there are nuances.

In most cases, stones are formed from oxalates and calcium. It is these stones that occur in people in 75% of cases.

The treatment of each patient is prescribed individually, as it depends on the substances that form kidney stones. Also important is the size of the stones and the frequency with which they appear in the patient.

What are the signs and symptoms of kidney stones?

• Pain in the lower back, in the hypochondrium, and also in the sides
• Intense pain for 20-60 minutes
• Pain extending to the abdomen and groin
• Blood in the urine
• Dark urine with an unpleasant odor
• Pain when urinating
• Incessant desire to urinate. At the same time, when you go to the toilet, only a few drops of urine are excreted.
• Nausea
• Vomit
• Cold sweat
• High fever (in case of infection)

Kidney stones and nutrition

Properly selected nutrition can be enough to prevent the formation of new stones. Your doctor will likely recommend that you limit your salt intake.

In addition to salt, foods containing substances such as:

• Calcium
• Sodium
• Oxalates
• Potassium
• Squirrels

If kidney stones are formed from calcium, it is necessary to exclude salt from the diet. This applies not only to salt separately, but also to products with a high content of this substance. At the same time, you need to minimize the intake of calcium.

It is also worth bearing in mind that in this case, kidney stones can provoke the development of diseases and problems such as osteoporosis and bone loss.

If oxalates are the culprit in the formation of stones, you need to reduce the consumption of foods containing these substances. These include:

• Peanut
• Coffee
• Beet
• beans
• Blackberry
• Strawberry
• Raspberries
• Currant
• Rhubarb
• Grape
• Chocolate
• Parsley
• Green salads, spinach
• oranges
• Wheat flour
• Beer
• Brewer's yeast
• Tofu
• Pepper
• Walnuts
• Potato

It has also been proven that sugar abuse can also be a decisive factor in the development of the disease. This is because sugar interferes with the absorption of calcium, magnesium and other minerals found in the human body.

You should also be careful with carbonated drinks, as well as juices from supermarkets. As a rule, their labels indicate that drinks have a low energy value. In fact, they contain a lot of sugar. Therefore, they cannot be attributed to the amount of liquid that must be drunk during the day.

The amount of fluid our body needs depends on many factors. These include:

• Age
• Weight
• Floor
• Growth
• Human physical activity
• Season
• Presence of other diseases (obeseness, diabetes, high cholesterol)

Less concentrated and more dilute urine reduces the risk of stone formation. The only way to achieve this is to drink more water.

On the other hand, it is very important to pay attention to the amount of protein consumed. Evidence from various studies suggests that animal proteins are detrimental to the health of people prone to kidney stones.

Of course, we are not talking at all about the fact that it is necessary to become a vegetarian without fail. Not at all. But it is recommended to think about how many times a week you use foods such as:

• Beef
• poultry meat
• Pork
• A fish

Eggs and dairy products are also sources of animal protein. Try to minimize the consumption of foods high in milk, cheese and butter.

But what about vitamins? Some of them can benefit you, while others can harm you. There are also vitamins that do not affect the formation of kidney stones:

Vitamin B(niacin, riboflavin and thiamin): There is no evidence that these vitamins are contraindicated in patients with kidney stones. Don't forget that vitamin B2 gives urine a yellowish color.

This can cause confusion when analyzing the color of urine during an attack.

Vitamin C: Citrus fruits and other fruits and vegetables are high in this vitamin. It protects our body from flu and colds and boosts our immunity. But at the same time, vitamin C can provoke the formation of kidney stones.

If you suffer from kidney stones, you should cut down on foods high in vitamin C.

Salt

The use of salt, perhaps, should be given special attention. We have already talked about the role of salt in the formation of kidney stones. Do not underestimate the importance of this product in the development of this unpleasant disease. The issue of salt intake is not as simple as it might seem at first glance.

Do not forget that when we eat a lot of salt, our kidneys are forced to work twice or even three times more. The load on these organs is greatly increased.

When the doctor tells us to limit our salt intake, we remove the salt shaker from the table and stop salting the dishes.

But what about food that already contains a large amount of this substance? But such products are filled with counters of all supermarkets and markets.

It is worth bearing in mind that these products can greatly harm your health:

• Instant soups
• bouillon cubes
• Meat products and sausages
• Fast food
• Patties
• Bicarbonate of soda
• flour for frying

As we have already said, it is necessary to pay great attention to the products you choose and their ingredients. It is possible that the food you eat is the culprit in the formation of kidney stones, and you do not even know about it.published

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet

This phenomenon in medicine is called urolithiasis or "nephrolithiasis". Kidney stones can develop in men, women and children, the signs and symptoms of pathology are the same for them, the disease requires treatment and is extremely rare without complications. Stones are formed not only in the kidneys, they can appear in any organ of the human urinary system.

What is nephrolithiasis

This diagnosis is made when a doctor diagnoses nephrolithiasis - crystalline hard deposits or simply "stones". They are formed, as a rule, in the calyx, pelvis, sometimes in the parenchyma of the kidney. Nephrolithiasis is more often diagnosed in men, in children and women it is found much less frequently. At risk are people aged 25-50 years.

Cause of kidney stones

There are no absolute conditions under which nephrolithiasis develops. Kidney stones are the result of a combination of unfavorable circumstances for the human body. Doctors identify the following circumstances that can provoke the development of the disease:

• hereditary predisposition;
• eating salty, hard water;
• excessive consumption of spicy, salty, spicy and sour foods in food, they increase the acidity of urine;
• lack of vitamins;
• lack of ultraviolet rays;
• urinary infections;
• violation of the functioning of the parathyroid glands;
• prolonged dehydration of the body due to infectious diseases, poisoning;
• geographical factor, for example, in hot countries, pathology is diagnosed more often;
• diseases and injuries of the skeletal system, among the provoking factors are osteomyelitis, osteoporosis;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, organs of the genitourinary system of a chronic type: colitis, peptic ulcer, gastritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, adenoma.

Stones can form in any part of the genitourinary system, and not only in the kidneys, they can have different sizes and differ in composition depending on the reason for their formation. Stones are divided into the following types:

1. Phosphate stones - are formed from salts of phosphoric acid. Often found in urinary tract infections, growing rapidly in alkaline urine.
2. Cholesterol. Formed with a high cholesterol content, but are very rare.
3. Oxalate. The reason is the high content of calcium oxalic acid, if the urine is acidic or alkaline.
4. Urate. One of the most common types of calculi, formed from uric acid salts.
5. Cystine. Formed from compounds of amino acids cystine.

How fast they grow

The growth rate in the kidney stones is affected by their type, which were described above. Some of them are formed for a month, others accumulate their mass over the course of years. If a person does not exclude the negative factors that caused the growth of formations in the kidneys, they will appear regularly and grow rapidly. If there are prerequisites for the fact that you will form stones, you should regularly undergo diagnostics, because small stones are much easier to remove.

Symptoms

The disease can occur both in a child and in an adult. Pathology is more common in the stronger sex, but the signs of the presence are the same in all people. Symptoms of the disease in women are manifested to a greater extent due to the structural features of the body. A person will not feel any manifestations of pathology until the stone begins to move. At the beginning of the release of the calculus, the patient experiences severe, severe pain. The main manifestations of pathology include the following signs:

• lower abdominal pain;
• stitching, sharp pains in the side or lower back, in the region of the kidney, which is called renal colic;
• bouts of vomiting, nausea;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• increase in body temperature;
• urinary retention;
• discharge of sand or pebbles in the urine;
• cold sweat;
• increase in pressure;
• flatulence of the intestine;
• irradiation renal pain, which radiates to neighboring organs;
• burning, pain when urinating.

Attacks of renal colic are the main symptom of pathology. It occurs when there is an obstruction of the ureter of the stone during the advancement, it is felt as a sudden cramping pain. Unpleasant sensations are provoked by increased peristalsis, spasm of the urinary tract. When interviewed, patients talk about severe pain, which makes a person look for a comfortable position, walk from corner to corner. Often after attacks, sand is excreted along with urine, the duration of the attack is 1-2 hours.

Diagnostics

The treatment regimen for kidney stones in women and men depends on the diagnosis. In medicine, the following methods are used to determine the type of neoplasm:

• Ultrasound of the affected organ;
• urography (excretory or survey);
• laboratory analysis of blood, urine;

If these methods did not help to accurately determine the type of stones, then the following diagnostic procedures may be prescribed to the patient in addition:

• nephroscintigraphy - determines the degree of functional disorders in the kidneys;
• CT multispiral type - this method helps to determine the type of neoplasm, its size;
• antibiotic sensitivity test - determines the degree of inflammation of the urinary tract.

Before carrying out laboratory and diagnostic procedures, an anamnesis is necessarily collected, the patient is interviewed. The doctor will try to identify the causes that caused the development of the disease and the appearance of stones. This is a basic diagnosis that helps to determine the likely root causes of pathologies and, based on them, select the optimal course of treatment or prescribe surgical removal of stones.

Treatment of kidney stones

In some cases, if the size of the formation and its individual characteristics, the structure of the human urinary system, a variant of independent discharge of the calculus is possible. If the stone is less than 5 mm, then in 70-80% of cases they come out of the kidney on their own, if the size is 5-10 mm, then the probability is 20-45%. Sometimes anomalies in the structure of the human genitourinary system, for example, narrowing, can lead to blockage of the ureter. Because of this, the calculus itself will not be able to come out and treatment is required. Lesions larger than 10 mm often require surgical removal.

For any type of nephrolithiasis, the patient is prescribed diuretics, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, stone expelling, antispasmodic drugs. Conservative treatment includes the following areas:

• correction of electrolyte, water balance;
• diet therapy;
• drug therapy;
• physiotherapy;
• physiotherapy;
• phytotherapy;
• sanitary-resort, balneological treatment.

Surgical method

Use as a treatment for neoplasms in the kidneys depends on the size, position of the calculus. They analyze the activity of the infection, the state of the urinary tract, the complexion of the patient, the doctor can rely on individual factors and his own experience. There are two main types of surgery:

1. open operation. The most reliable and oldest method, but it is highly traumatic and therefore considered dangerous. With the help of an incision in the kidney or bladder, the stone is removed mechanically. Such surgery is prescribed if it is impossible to use the endoscopic technique or ESWL.
2. endourethral technique. Endoscopic equipment is inserted into the renal pelvis through the urethra, and a puncture in the skin can also be used. Bring the device to the stone, remove it or destroy it (crushing stones) by one of the methods: laser beam, contact ultrasonic wave, mechanically.

Before the appointment of surgical removal, the patient should drink drugs that improve blood microcirculation, antioxidants, antibiotics. If there is a blockage of the ureter with a stone, then therapy begins with the removal of urine from the kidney. This procedure is considered an operative intervention, it is performed under local anesthesia, there is a risk of significant blood loss, complications.

Preparations

If coral-like stones have formed inside the kidneys, which are a consequence of an infectious pathology, a course of antimicrobial drugs is required to kill the pathogen. To combat calculi, drugs are used, usually based on herbs, which slow down the growth of the stone, contribute to the dissolution, removal of neoplasms from the organ. Doctors prescribe the following medications:

1. Cyston. This is a herbal preparation of complex action, it is prescribed for any type of pathology.
2. Kanefron N. A complex herbal medicine, it is most effective for calcium oxalate and urate calculi.
3. Phytolysin, Phytolyte. A product based on herbal extracts, helps to remove small stones, prevents the growth of existing ones, and prevents the formation of new ones.
4. Uralit U, Blemarin. A medication is used to alkalinize urine, dissolve the neoplasm.

Diet

One of the common causes of kidney stones is malnutrition, poor-quality water and food. If scaling stones were diagnosed in the urology department, then therapy should be combined with a proper diet. The following rules should be adhered to:

1. It is necessary to exclude from the diet all foods that contain a lot of oxalic acid: milk, oranges, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, potatoes, oranges.
2. You should add more dried apricots, grapes, pears, apples and dishes that contain a lot of magnesium (it binds oxalic acid).

If phosphate stones were found in the kidneys, then the diet is aimed at acidifying the urine. To do this, you must adhere to the following rules:

1. It is recommended to drink more lingonberry, cranberry juice.
2. For the treatment of this type of formations, a meat diet, a large amount of meat, fish protein is well suited. Such products should become the basis of the menu.
3. Milk, vegetables, herbs, dairy products should be completely excluded.

Urate neoplasms require the exclusion and diet of any meat products, smoked, spicy, chocolate, lemons. You need to consume more vegetable juices, fruits, watermelons and melons will especially help. When treating any type of stones, you should strictly monitor your drinking diet, you need to drink at least 2 liters of fluid per day (water should not be hard). There are a number of general recommendations for the appearance of symptoms of urolithiasis:

• avoid in the diet of fatty foods, fried and smoked foods, with excess salt;
• should be taken, if necessary, infusions of herbs;
• drink about 2.5 liters of water per day (not coffee, tea, etc.);
• it is better to give up alcohol.

Folk remedies

At home, in addition to medicines, you can use herbal infusions and decoctions. Folk remedies for kidney stones are often used in therapy along with medications. It is better to coordinate the reception first with the attending physician. You can use the following recipes:

1. Rosehip root is well suited for remote crushing. It is necessary to take dry, crushed raw materials 35 g, pour 2 cups of boiling water and leave in a water bath for 15 minutes. Remove from the oven and wrap the product for 6 hours. Then the broth must be filtered and taken in half a second. 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The action of this remedy is strong, so you can not take more than 4 weeks. Before use, you should consult a doctor or phytotherapeutist.
2. With urates and oxalates, you can make the following infusion. Take 200 ml of olive oil, vodka, honey, lemon juice and mix everything thoroughly. Put the mixture for 2 weeks in a cool, dark place, tightly close the container. You need to drink it in 1 tbsp. l. per day for 2 weeks, then you need a break of 5 days and repeat the course again.
3. Take 10 lemons and pass them through a meat grinder, separate the seeds and peel first. Fold the resulting mass into a 3-liter jar, add 2 tbsp. l. medical glycerin and pour 2 liters of boiled water. Let stand for half an hour and strain. You need to drink the entire bottle in 2 hours with an interval of 10 minutes between servings. Next, put a warm heating pad on the diseased kidney, you will feel an increase in pain (sand will begin to come out). For each preparation, you need to prepare fresh lemon juice, because it quickly loses its properties.
4. You can cook a decoction on watermelon peels. You can take as raw materials only berries that have grown on the home plot, cultivated varieties are grown on a large amount of nitrates, and this is harmful for such a disease. Watermelon peels need to be dried in an electric dryer or oven, it is better to cut them into pieces. Then you need to fill them with water and boil over low heat for about an hour. Filter the decoction and take 3-5 times a day before meals, 1 cup.

How do kidney stones come out

Sometimes cleansing occurs on its own, along with the outflow of urine, the calculi pass through the genitourinary system. This movement causes pain, colic is accompanied by sharp attacks that frighten a person. If a person is diagnosed with kidney stones, then you should be aware of the symptoms that accompany the independent exit of the stone. You can understand that he began to leave by the following signs:

1. There is a cramping sharp pain from the side of the diseased kidney, then it moves to the inguinal region. When the stone moves, then unpleasant sensations appear in the thigh, groin.
2. The most severe pain occurs if the calculus is stuck in the ureter. With renal colic, the intervention of doctors is required.
3. Blood impurities appear in the urine, it becomes cloudy, urination becomes frequent, because the ducts are blocked by a neoplasm and it is not possible to remove all the urine at a time.
4. Renal colic provokes the development of symptoms of a gastrointestinal disorder: the general condition worsens sharply, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
5. There is a strong increase in body temperature if the stone blocked 2/3 of the ducts.
6. With nephrolithiasis, an increase in pressure can be observed, it is very difficult to remove it with antihypertensive drugs.

Prevention

The appearance of neoplasms in the genitourinary system is a multifaceted, complex process, therefore, for each patient, preventive measures are selected individually. There is a list of recommended actions that will reduce the likelihood of KSD and the development of complications of urolithiasis.

1. Drink at least 2 liters of fluid daily to maintain adequate diuresis.
2. Maintaining optimal salt and acid parameters of urine. Urine should have a normal pH around 6.0. If a person has a normal or alkaline pH, you need to add more acidic foods to the diet: natural coffee, Coca-Cola, legumes, fish, meat.
3. To prevent urolithiasis, you need to follow a diet, nutrition should be complete, you should not get hung up on one type of food.

vrachmedik.ru

Causes of kidney stones

Unfavorable conditions and a number of factors can lead to the development and formation of urolithiasis. The main reason is considered to be an incorrect metabolism in the body, as a result of which insoluble salts are formed, which subsequently form stones and sand.

There are also a number of factors that affect the appearance and severity of urolithiasis:

• One of the main causes of urolithiasis today is the presence of infections in the urinary system - pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis. Against the background of these infections, the level of proteins in the urine increases, which contribute to the formation of salt crystals and lead to the formation of sand or kidney stones. As a rule, in such cases, the course of urolithiasis is more severe and the treatment lasts longer.
• Diseases of the stomach and the presence of other problems with the gastrointestinal tract contribute to a change in calcium metabolism in the body and increases the activity of stone-forming particles in the blood. Also, various thyroid problems contribute to impaired calcium metabolism and subsequently lead to the formation of kidney stones.
• Metabolic disorders that contribute to the formation of kidney stones: hyperuricemia, hyperuricuria, hyperphosphaturia, hypercalciuria, increased levels of oxalate salts in the urine.
• There is a risk of kidney stones in case of congenital kidney disease and anatomical defects. These disorders contribute to urinary retention and the formation of stagnation of urine in the canal, which leads to the appearance of stones.
• In people with a sedentary lifestyle, the exchange of phosphorus and calcium in the body is disturbed, which can also lead to the development of urolithiasis. Therefore, people with sedentary work are advised to take short breaks with a physical workout.
• Another factor for the development of urolithiasis can be adverse environmental conditions (drinking water quality, hazardous industries, and others).
• Eating excessive amounts of meat products, salt.
• hereditary predisposition.

Symptoms of kidney stones

It is very rare that the disease occurs without any symptoms and is detected only during a medical examination for the presence of other diseases.

In most cases, urolithiasis is necessarily accompanied by severe pain and other unpleasant symptoms that create great discomfort for the patient.

The list of the main symptoms of kidney stones:

• Unilateral or bilateral dull pain in the lumbar region, aggravated by a change in body position.
• Pain radiating to the abdomen, groin, leg.
• Sharp or dull pain during exertion and with incorrect body position. (After a severe attack of pain stops, there is a chance that the stones will pass out of the body when urinating).
• Unpleasant renal colic.
• Cutting or sharp pain at the time of urination. Also, when urinating, an interruption of the process may occur, however, the patient feels the bladder has not yet been emptied. To continue the process of urination, you should slightly change the position of the body. Usually this symptom indicates that the stone is in the bladder or passed into the ureter.
• Turbid color of urine or even with an admixture of blood. If you find cloudy urine during urination, this may also be a sign of stones or sand in the kidneys. The presence of blood in the urine can be especially dangerous. This can happen after a severe attack of pain or colic, as well as under certain stresses on the body.
• High blood pressure or the appearance of high body temperature, sometimes reaching 40 degrees.

The appearance of sand or a stone in the kidney may not initially manifest itself in any way, but if the stone leaves the urinary system, you can feel severe and sharp pain. Therefore, in case of symptoms of urolithiasis, you should immediately contact a medical institution and undergo an examination in order to establish the correct diagnosis in time and begin treatment.

Remember, postponing treatment for urolithiasis can lead to the following consequences:

• arterial hypertension;
• renal failure;
• purulent inflammation of the kidney;
• bleeding;
• kidney death;
• lethal outcome.

Treatment

Starting the treatment of urolithiasis, it is necessary to remove the main pain and attacks of colic. After that, procedures are carried out for the removal or removal of stones from the human urinary system, the elimination of infection and a mandatory course of treatment in order to further prevent the development of the disease. Kidney stones can be treated in a number of ways, including medication, remote stone crushing, and surgery.

Surgical treatments

Open cavity surgery

Until recently, the most common and relatively dangerous procedure was considered to be the removal of stones from the kidneys by open surgery. In district hospitals in small towns, open abdominal surgery is often prescribed to remove stones. This is due to the lack of modern medical equipment.

It should be understood that surgery is relatively dangerous and has a number of negative consequences after the operation. During an open operation, there are risks of: bleeding, pneumonia, and in rare cases, death. In the future, there is a high probability of recurrence of the disease. Open surgery for urolithiasis should be performed only in the most urgent cases, when other methods of treatment are completely excluded.

If you are offered open surgery without considering other options, think about the consequences. A reasonable decision would be to consult with other specialists, who in most cases can recommend an alternative method of treatment.

Through an incision in the lumbar region

An easier and safer method of treating kidney stones is a puncture in the lumbar region, where a special device is placed - a nephroscope that crushes stones. This method is excellent for the destruction of all types of stones, including coral. The method has one drawback - it is necessary to undergo several sessions of the procedure for a complete recovery.

Remote crushing of stones - shock wave lithotripsy

One of the most painless ways to remove stones is the method of remote shock wave fragmentation by lithotripsy. The method allows you to remotely crush the stones and subsequently remove them through the urinary system in a natural way. However, this method of treatment is not suitable for all types of stones and no more than 2 centimeters in size. Another disadvantage is the many contraindications to the use of remote crushing:

• in violation of the joints, bones;
• a ban on the use of anesthesia;
• poor blood clotting;
• gestation period;
• malfunctions of the heart muscle;
• in case of failure of one kidney;
• with exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis;
• disorders of the genitourinary system, in which this procedure is prohibited.

There are several types of remote shock wave lithotripsy: ultrasonic, laser, electrohydraulic, piezoelectric and pneumonic.

Endoscopic and laparoscopic operations

The method is similar to an open operation, however, the incisions are made much smaller, due to which the risk of undesirable consequences is significantly reduced, and recovery is much easier.

Contact destruction and removal of kidney stones

A special device is inserted into the patient through the urethra, which, approaching the stone, begins to crush it. Contact damage can be of various types. As a result of the procedure, the stone is broken and brought out. Most often, this method is used when stones are found in the bladder or ureter.

Medical treatment

In modern medicine, there are many effective drugs for the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. However, you cannot self-medicate, and all the medicines necessary for the treatment of kidney stones should be prescribed by a urologist. Drug treatment is prescribed in cases where the size of the stones does not exceed 4 mm and they are of mixed or urate types. Preparations do not cope with the dissolution of stones with other chemical compositions. In this situation, drug treatment is preventive in nature and protects against relapse.

To dissolve stones of a mixed type, it is necessary to undergo a 3-6 month course of treatment with preparations containing citrate mixtures - Blemaren or Ularin U. Dissolution will occur, depending on the size and number of stones, at 2-4 months of treatment. Continued use reinforces the effect and helps eliminate the possibility of recurrence of urolithiasis.

To reduce the likelihood of a recurrence of the disease and strengthen the body, it is worth systematically taking herbal medicines containing the active components of essential oils. They help expand blood vessels and improve blood flow to the kidneys. Among the most effective are: Canephron, Prolit, Rowatinex, Urolesan.

Separately, one can single out a very effective drug for the treatment of urolithiasis - Cyston, which includes various natural ingredients, mummy and powdered silicate lime. The drug promotes the rapid removal of salts and acids from the human body, and also helps in preventing the formation of stones in the future. An analogue of Cyston is the drug Fitolizin, which includes extracts of herbs and roots, as well as essential oils of mint and orange.

To reduce the content of acids in the blood and their deposition in the kidneys, it is recommended to take the drug Allopurinol. And to improve the removal of sand and stones from the urinary canals, to relieve their swelling, antispasmodic drugs are prescribed. In inflammatory processes - treatment is carried out with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.

diet for kidney stones

To exclude exacerbation of urolithiasis, one should adhere to special diets developed depending on the composition and origin of kidney stones. The most important rule is the daily use of a large amount of purified drinking water (2-3 liters), which reduces the level of salts in the body and contributes to their rapid removal from the body. If you find stones in the kidneys and urinary system, you should eat the following foods:

• butter and vegetable oils;
• dairy products (cream, curdled milk, milk, cottage cheese, sour cream);
• bakery products (not including rich), pasta;
• soups and cereals;
• low-fat varieties of fish;
• vegetables (excluding Brussels sprouts, asparagus, soy products, beans, peas);
• fruits, berries, honey, sugar;
• mushrooms (not boiled);
• greens (except celery, radish, spinach, garlic, onion, sorrel).

Should be completely eliminated from the diet:

• soups and broths on meat, fish, mushrooms;
• pork, mutton and beef fats;
• poultry giblets (heart, kidneys, liver), liverwurst;
• sea ​​fish;
• canned foods;
• spicy dishes and seasonings;
• all kinds of pickles and smoked meats;
• pates, canned food;
• spices, chocolate, cream;
• carbonated drinks.

Diet for phosphate kidney stones

With the formation of phosphate-type stones, you should try to eat foods high in vitamins A, B, D. It is necessary to completely exclude the use of food with alkaline properties. Allowed use:

• bread products, with the exception of pastry;
• meat, fish, poultry;
• canned food (exceptions - canned food with vegetables and smoked fish);
• mushrooms;
• sugar, honey;
• cereals;
• mushroom dishes;
• butter;
• pasta;
• cereal dishes;
• currants, blueberries, cherry plums, apples, lingonberries, prunes are allowed in small portions.

Prohibited use:

• dairy products, dairy products;
• smoked meats and pickles;
• nuts;
• yolk;
• Cafe;
• alcoholic products;
• rich broths;
• vegetables, berries, fruits, except for the above.

Diet for oxalate kidney stones

If oxalate-type stones occur, it is necessary to completely exclude the use of all foods that contain oxalic acid.

During the diet, fish or meat must be boiled before frying, stewing or baking to reduce the content of purine compounds.

Also, with oxalate kidney stones, it is necessary to at least halve the intake of salt and carbohydrates from the usual diet, to include more permitted vegetables and fruits in the diet.

Healthy foods:

• meat and fish in any form, but previously boiled;
• juices, kissels;
• soups without spicy ingredients;
• oatmeal, buckwheat, millet, barley groats;
• vegetable oil, a small amount of butter is allowed;
• sea, cauliflower, white cabbage, cucumbers, boiled potatoes, turnips;
• apples, watermelon, peaches, apricots, pears, melon, prunes.

Tomatoes, beets, onions, carrots, black currants, and blueberries may be present in the diet in small quantities.

Prohibited for use:

• meat and fish broths and canned food;
• fatty foods;
• offal, veal, chickens;
• smoked meats;
• spicy spices and dishes;
• pickles;
• marinades;
• products containing gelatin;
• sorrel, lettuce, red and Brussels sprouts, green beans, asparagus, spinach, celery, radish, rhubarb, parsley, fried potatoes, gooseberries, lentils, cranberries, plums, grapes, strawberries, red currants, figs;
• mushrooms;
• chocolate, cocoa, coffee, kvass, tomato juice.

Allowed products:

• bread and all flour products, with the exception of milk-based sweet pastries;
• all cooked dishes from different types of cereals;
• non-fat dairy products, in small amounts;
• vegetable oil, butter in small quantities;
• some types of vegetables (carrots, fresh cabbage, boiled potatoes, etc.);
• fruit fruits (watermelon, currant, apples and pears, prunes, melon and others);
• drinks - fresh fruit or vegetable juices, compotes and rosehip infusion;

When following a diet for kidney stones, try to follow these tips:

• Do not eat large portions, try to eat little, but more times - 5-6.
• Exclude from your menu all smoked and fried foods, excessively fatty foods, foods that are too salty or spicy, chocolate bars and sweets, as well as alcoholic and low-alcohol drinks.
• Try to consume as little salt per day as possible, reduce to the smallest dose of daily salt intake up to 2 - 3 grams.
• Try to eat as many foods as possible with a high content of vitamins B1 and B6.
• Reduce intake of foods with vitamin C.
• And in the summer-autumn season, try to consume as many watermelons as possible. This berry is an excellent tool for the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. It reduces kidney pain and improves urination from the body.
• Do not eat canned foods and exclude the simultaneous use of tomato juice with foods containing starch (potatoes, bread, cereals, and others).
• Eat fruit juices and compotes from grapes, peaches and apricots more often. However, in order to prevent the process of fermentation in the body, while drinking these juices, one should exclude the intake of other fruits and juices from them, mineral water, milk and asparagus dishes.

Prevention of urolithiasis

A diet rich in vitamins, minimal consumption of fatty, fried, salty and spicy foods will help protect against the appearance of urolithiasis. Try not to eat unhealthy foods, eat more boiled and low-fat food and with a minimum content of spices and salt in it. Drink as much clean water as possible (1.5-2 liters per day for a healthy person, 3-3.5 liters per day for urolithiasis), which helps to quickly cleanse the kidneys and other urinary organs from sand and stones. Do not abuse sweets, otherwise the exchange of oxalic acid in the body may be disturbed. Avoid hypothermia in the cold season, especially take care of your back and legs. Go in for sports and lead the right lifestyle, which will become the key to beauty and health for many years. Be healthy!

www.ddhealth.ru

How stones are formed

To understand where kidney stones come from, you should consider the mechanism of their formation. Stones are formed from substances known as soluble salts. Salts may exist in dissolved or solid crystalline form. When the concentration of salt in a solution is high enough, it begins to form into solid crystals in a process called precipitation.

To visually understand this process, it is enough to imagine the most famous salt - sodium chloride in sea water. If you leave a container of water and let it evaporate unhindered, then over time you will see “sea” salt precipitated.

Urine contains many chemicals that can also combine to form salts. These chemicals are usually in a dissolved state. Surprisingly, it turned out that the concentration of salts in the urine is usually much higher than that which can be created in pure water. This is due to the properties of urine itself, namely, the presence of special substances in it - inhibitors. These substances interfere with the process of salt precipitation.

Some inhibitors enter the body and urine from food, for example, citrates, magnesium. Others are proteins synthesized by our body, for example, the protein nephrocalcin, uropontin. An important property of these substances is a violation of the formation of a crystallization center, an increase in the solubility of salts, an obstacle to the adhesion of salts to the cells of the epithelium of the kidneys.

The process of the appearance of kidney stones begins with "inception", when the factors that promote crystallization outweigh the factors that inhibit its development.

Why is this happening

The causes of kidney stones may be as follows.

Insufficient volume of urine

One of the main factors why kidney stones form is a consistently low volume of urine. It can be caused by dehydration (loss of body fluids) while working or living in hot conditions and low water intake. When the volume of urine decreases, its concentration increases and the first thing is a darker color. Treatment in this case involves quickly restoring normal urine volume, which will reduce the risk of stone formation.

For adults, 2.5 liters of urine per day is considered sufficient to prevent stone formation, which corresponds to the consumption of 3 liters of fluid.

Nutrition Features

What you eat can also affect your ability to form stones. One of the most common causes of calcium stones is high levels of calcium in the urine. And the main thing here is not how much calcium you eat, but how your body processes it. Reducing the amount of calcium in the diet rarely stops the formation of stones.

In this case, it is rational to reduce the level of calcium in the urine. This is done by limiting the intake of table salt. The mechanism is quite simple: the NaCl salt carries with it an excess of Cl- ions, they are balanced by Ca + ions. With an excess of salt, calcium binds and its reabsorption in the kidney nephron loop is disturbed.

Oxalates are another common type of kidney stone. These are salts of oxalic acid, which is present in large quantities in some foods. Sorrel, rhubarb, buckwheat, spinach, sugar beets, cocoa, chocolate, nuts, berries, beans, parsley, black pepper - these are a small proportion of foods rich in oxalic acid.

The causes of the appearance of stones are the formation of sparingly soluble oxalates of calcium, iron, magnesium. Their shape is extremely dangerous for the kidneys and ureters, since the crystals have sharp edges and spikes, they can injure the urinary tract. Hyperoxalaturia is promoted by a reduced content of vitamin B6, short bowel syndrome, a decrease in the population of bacteria Oxalobacter formigenes in the intestine (these microorganisms are capable of destroying oxalates). This results in an inability to properly absorb fats and nutrients. Calcium can bind to unused fats instead of oxalates, leading to a buildup of the latter.

A diet high in animal proteins such as beef, fish, chicken and pork acidifies the body. At an acidic pH of urine, the process of salt precipitation is easier in it. This is especially important for the formation of urates - stones from uric acid salts. Acidic urine, together with an excess of purine bases from protein foods, are factors that contribute to this process.

A large number of protein bases is found in a disease such as gout - a metabolic disorder. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (their urine has a very acidic pH) and people with insulin resistance are especially susceptible to the formation of urates, since they have a disturbed transport system of salts through the kidneys. Urate stones are found in 10% of patients with urolithiasis.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

"Intestinal" factor. Some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by persistent diarrhea (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), lead to dehydration. A high concentration of urine, in the first place, provokes the formation of calcium oxalate.

Health status of other organs

proper organ dysfunction

For example, hyperfunction of the parathyroid gland, which controls calcium metabolism, can cause an increase in the content of this element in the blood and urine.

Another possibility is renal tubular acidosis associated with structural damage to the renal tubules. This condition is characterized by an increase in the acidity of the urine and systemic acidosis, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of calcium phosphate stones.

Infectious - inflammatory diseases of the urinary system

Pathogens Proteus., Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, Staphylococcus, which in principle are normal intestinal microflora, if they enter the urinary tract, can contribute to the formation of struvite stones. This is because the bacteria produce a special enzyme called urease, which breaks down urea into magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium carbonate, which is what stones are made of. Stones are formed in a fairly short time. An additional factor contributing to the formation of this type of stone is the alkaline reaction of urine, which is caused by bacteria. The bacterial nature makes women more likely to develop struvite stones, as they are more likely to become infected.

When combined with an infection, any condition that interferes with the normal flow of urine from the bladder contributes to the stagnation of urine, the growth of bacteria in it, and an increased risk of struvite stones. Worldwide, they account for up to 30% of cases.

Rare genetic diseases

These include cystinuria - a hereditary disorder of protein metabolism, in which the amino acid cystine is not absorbed in the intestine, but is filtered from the blood to the kidneys. This substance does not dissolve in urine and is capable of forming cystine stones. It occurs quite rarely - in 1% of patients. An even rarer genetic disease is a violation of the exchange of the xanthine nitrogen compound, as a result of which kidney stones appear - xanthine stones.

Another rare disease is primary hyperoxaluria. This is a pathological condition when a lot of oxalates are deposited in the tissues of the body. They are formed in the liver instead of glycine from glyoxylic acid in the absence of a specific enzyme.

Medications

Some medicines may increase the risk of stone formation.

calcium stones	Loop diuretics (diuretics) - Furosemide, Acetazolamide. Some antacids. Glucocorticoids - Dexamethasone. Theophylline, Ephedrine. Vitamins C and D, if the recommended daily doses are exceeded. Thyroid hormones.
urate stones	Diuretics thiazide derivatives - Hydrochlorothiazide. Salicylates - Acetylsalicylic acid. Medicines for gout - Probenecid.
Stones of various origins	Potassium-sparing diuretics - Triamteren. Antiviral drugs - Acyclovir. Protease inhibitors - Indinavir. Some antibiotics are Co-trimoxazole. Antiepileptic drugs - Topiramate.

Risk factors

Gender and age

Kidney stones in men can form twice as often as in women. There are several explanations for this. First, eating habits. Men often eat meat protein foods, and besides, in combination with alcohol, which can cause urates. But the most important thing is the presence of male androgen hormones. Adrenal hormones dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone contribute to the formation of stones - nephrolithiasis. The risk of kidney stones increases in men over the age of 40 and continues to rise until the age of 70. By age 70, 11% of men will have kidney stones.

Female hormones (estrogens) actually reduce the risk of hyperoxaluria. Estrogen may help prevent calcium oxalate stone formation by maintaining an alkaline urine pH and also by increasing the level of stone-inhibiting citrate.

Urinary tract stones in children are usually taken due to genetic factors or urinary tract deformity.

Obesity and weight gain

There are suggestions why stones appear in those suffering from weight gain. Most likely, this is due to a large amount of adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Obese people are able to excrete more calcium and uric acid into the urine, which makes them more likely to form kidney stones.

hereditary predisposition

The risk of kidney stones increases if family members have had episodes of urolithiasis. A genetically determined deficiency of the enzymatic system plays its role, as in the case of gout, cystinuria and xanthiuria.

Geographic factors

Lifestyle

Some foods increase the risk of stone formation in people who have a genetic or medical predisposition. However, as a preventive measure for all populations, high animal protein intake, oxalate-rich foods, and unrestricted salt intake should be avoided.

Stress

Recent studies have shown that people who are under stress have a greater risk of kidney stones. The changes that occur in the kidneys are caused by the stress hormone vasopressin, which reduces the volume of urine and therefore increases its concentration and tendency to precipitate salts.

2pochki.com

Factors affecting the formation of kidney stones

The following factors influence the formation of sand and kidney stones:

• Insufficient daily fluid intake and, accordingly, insufficient urine output.
• As a result of metabolic disorders, urine is supersaturated with salt crystals.
• The presence of an infection in the urinary tract.
• Wrong nutrition.
• Insufficient amount of substances in urine that contribute to the dissolution of salts.

The process of stone formation

Insufficient amount of urine or oversaturation of the body with salt from food leads to an increase in the concentration of ions in urine. As a result, the body begins to experience a lack of substances in the urine (urotropine, pyrophosphate, citrate, nephrocalcin), which are inhibitors of crystallization. This leads to a stop in the process of dissolution of salts and their subsequent crystallization.

The salt crystal becomes a kind of core, which gradually begins to grow into a stone. Sometimes stones of quite large sizes are formed.

Types of kidney stones

Kidney stones are classified according to the following criteria:

• Single or multiple.
• Single or double sided.
• Located in the bladder, kidney or ureter.
• Small or large, occupying the entire renal cavity.

Depending on the chemical composition of education in the kidneys can be:

• Calcium compounds: oxalate, phosphate, carbonate.
• Urates (salts of uric acid).
• Struvites.
• Amino acids - cystine and xanthine.
• Protein, consisting of fibrin clots, salts and bacteria.
• Cholesterol.

The most common formations found on medical examination are oxalates, urates and phosphates.

Oxalates

Oxalate stones are dense, hard formations that have sharp edges and, in some cases, spikes. Such stones are black or gray in color and have a very dense texture. Oxalate formations in the kidneys are very difficult to dissolve, therefore, patients prone to their formation are prescribed prophylaxis in the form of a diet, magnesium preparations and vitamins B6. Oxalate stones are easily detected by x-ray or urinalysis.

Phosphates

Phosphate formations are white or white-gray stones with a smooth surface. These stones are often large. Phosphate stones consist of calcium salts and phosphoric acid, which allows them to be detected using a urine test, ultrasound and X-ray. Quite often, these formations in the kidneys are not only phosphate, but also urate or oxalate microliths.

Urats

Urate stones are hard, smooth formations that have a brick or yellow-orange color. It is impossible to detect them with the help of X-ray examination, but ultrasound and urine tests easily reveal their presence in the body.

Causes of stone formation

The main causes of stone formation are a violation of the water-salt balance and improper metabolism. However, there are other reasons for the formation of kidney stones:

Phosphate stones are formed with a sedentary lifestyle, eating substances that increase the concentration of calcium in urine: cocoa, strong tea, chocolate, coffee.

The reason for their formation can be an alkaline environment, as well as infections, disruption of the parathyroid glands. Phosphate formations can form as a result of a deficiency of vitamins A, D, E, as well as due to systemic diseases that disrupt metabolism or lead to infections.

Oxalate formations are formed as a result of excessive consumption of foods that contain a lot of oxalic or ascorbic acids: lettuce, citrus fruits, beets, coffee, tea, chocolate.

The formation of such stones can develop due to a deficiency of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), or diseases of the small intestine, which increase the absorption of oxalates.

Urate is formed as a result of an excess of uric acid in the urine. This often happens with gout, blood diseases, psoriasis, excessive consumption of animal proteins, especially in combination with alcoholic beverages. Urates are also formed during the acid reaction of urine, which occurs in diseases of the digestive tract with diarrhea and tubular disorders.

Sand in the kidneys

The process and reasons for the formation of sand in the kidneys are the same as for stones. Sand is a crystal formed from substances dissolved in the urine. The occurrence of sand in patients is accompanied by the development of primary and secondary symptoms.

The primary signs of the appearance of sand in the kidneys are:

• Dark and cloudy urine, sometimes with an unpleasant odor.
• Feeling of discomfort, aching or sharp shooting pain in the groin, navel area or upper abdomen. Such sensations occur when the sand comes out of the kidneys, injuring and irritating the urinary tract.
• Violation of the process of urination, soreness, increased urge.

Secondary signs of the formation of sand in the kidneys are:

• Nausea accompanied by vomiting.
• Edema, fever.
• Increased blood pressure.
• Sweating, feeling weak.
• The development of flatulence.
• Sleep disturbance.

Signs of sand release:

Sometimes the sand comes out without any particular symptoms. But often when the sand is advanced, the patient feels severe cramping pain and burning in the ureter during urination. A person has a stomach ache in the side where the affected kidney is located. If the sand moves along the course of both ureters, then painful sensations disturb on both sides of the abdomen.

Sometimes the outgoing sand provokes the development of renal colic, which causes sharp, cramping pains that radiate to the groin, lower back, legs and hypochondrium. Sand grains with sharp edges provoke stabbing, scratching or cutting pain.

Treatment

If stones or moving sand cause sharp pain, then it is necessary to take measures to relieve pain and reduce temperature. Treatment is with painkillers and antispasmodics. If blood appears in the urine, treatment in a hospital is necessary.

In a medical institution, urine tests are performed and an ultrasound of the kidneys is done. If the patient has a stone, then the doctor takes it for analysis to determine the nature of its origin.

Treatment may depend on where the lesions are located. To do this, drugs are used to dissolve them. In addition to dissolving agents, treatment should include anti-inflammatory drugs, which simultaneously soften and envelop the mucous membranes.

After the crisis has passed, the patient is discharged from the hospital, prescribing further treatment at home. Home treatment should include a combination of diet and drug therapy. If the stone increases in size and does not come out and causes the condition to worsen, the doctor may suggest surgery to remove the stone. Today, such surgical treatment is carried out by the method of ultrasonic crushing of the kidneys and the subsequent removal of the resulting sand.

Treatment may be aimed at stimulating the independent passage of the stone, or at its dissolution. If there is sand in the kidneys, then the doctor prescribes a special treatment to remove it.

Treatment should include a special diet, which is compiled by the doctor, based on the composition of the released stone.

Diet

The diet is prescribed depending on what composition the sand or stones have.

• If the analysis showed calcium stones, then the patient is recommended to limit the consumption of dairy and lactic acid products that contain a large amount of calcium.
• With oxalate formations, products with oxalic acid are limited.
• If urate stones were found, then the products that form uric acid in the body are limited.
• With phosphate formations, the use of dairy products is prohibited, the amount of fruits and vegetables is limited. It is useful to eat meat, flour, fish, vegetable oil.

Prevention

Understanding what are the causes of the formation of kidney stones, and due to what they are formed, you can take measures to prevent their formation.

It is noticed that in areas with hard water, the percentage of patients suffering from kidney stones is much higher. Therefore, the prevention of people prone to stone formation should be to replace drinking water, or clean and soften it.

Since spicy, salty, sour and fried foods increase the acidity of the urine, prevention should include the abolition of all unhealthy foods.

Neglecting one of the most important rules regarding sufficient water intake leads to dehydration and the formation of concentrated urine. In such urine, salts begin to crystallize and turn into stones. With an increase in the volume of water consumed, blood and urine are diluted with liquid and are promptly washed out of the body along with other harmful substances. At the same time, stones and crystals do not have time to form, so drinking enough water is an important prevention of stone formation.

In people who move little, the blood stops circulating normally throughout the body, as a result of which there is no proper nutrition of the internal organs. This causes various diseases, including the formation of kidney stones. You should not think that only bedridden patients are at risk - today almost every person who sits at a computer for a long time has a circulatory disorder. Prevention of blood stasis consists in a mobile lifestyle, gymnastics, sports, running, dancing, etc.

Good afternoon, dear readers! Nowadays, more and more people suffer from urolithiasis. Doctors explain this phenomenon with the deterioration of the global environmental situation and with the poor quality of the water we drink. Heavy metals, which are found in water, food and air, accumulate in our body and cause diseases of this kind.

What are urate stones and why do they form?

Urate kidney stones are a special type of urolithiasis. Sometimes urate stones provoke complications in the human body, so we should be careful and follow a special diet to dissolve urate stones.

With uraturia, uric acid accumulates in the body. It begins its decomposition in the urinary organs, forming sand or small stones. Such stones can be found not only in the kidneys, but also in the bladder and ureters.

Reasons for the formation of urate stone

• Wrong metabolism.
• Genetic predisposition, in other words, heredity.
• Eating sour, spicy foods.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Diseases of the esophagus or urinary tract.
• Poor blood supply to the kidney.
• Violation of the volume of fluid in the body.

The volume of fluid is disturbed in case of its excessive loss: at high temperature, vomiting or excessive physical exertion.

It should be noted the peculiarity of the formation of urates in the kidneys with excessive and unbalanced eating:

• fried meat, broths on meat
• canned fish
• legumes
• tomatoes
• alcohol
• chocolate

The reason for the formation of urates can also be forced starvation.

When urates are formed in the kidneys or urinary tract, uric acid accumulates in the body in excess, the formation of which is facilitated by purine substances in foods. In the diet, limit the intake of foods rich in purines, such as meat, organ meats, fish, as well as mushrooms and legumes.

Urates, kidney urate stones, can appear at any age in both the male and female bodies. For prevention, it is worth adhering to a balanced diet and leading a healthy lifestyle.

Treatment of urate kidney stones

Often, uric acid stones are the result of malnutrition, so you need to balance your diet during treatment. With proper treatment, urate stones dissolve easily in our body, but do not delay with it - sometimes stones cause complications.

The course of treatment depends on factors such as the size of the stone, its location in the body. If the stone that appears is small in size, then the treatment will consist in a strict diet and taking the necessary medications. Also, your doctor may advise diuretic herbal preparations and exercise therapy. In especially difficult cases, you will be cured in an operative way.

During the cleansing of the body from urates, we need to do the following:

1. Increase the volume of water in the body.
2. To achieve alkalization of urine in order to remove stones from the kidneys.
3. Reduce consumption of foods that promote the formation of urate.

To achieve all three goals, I want to offer you, dear readers, the most optimal option - a special diet against kidney stones. It is this mode that will facilitate the work of the urinary tract, properly normalize the metabolism and prevent the new appearance of urates in the kidneys.

Diet principles for dissolving uric acid kidney stones

1. Keep track of your calorie intake. The norm per day rises to 2800 kilocalories.
2. Carbohydrates are allowed to consume the most - four hundred grams. Proteins can be consumed in the amount of 70-80 grams, fat - no more than 90 grams.
3. You need to adhere to the following diet: 5 meals a day with the exclusion of too cold dishes from the diet.
4. It is useful to arrange - fruit, dairy, vegetable.

Allowed foods during the diet against urate stones

• sweet fruits and berries
• milk products
• from vegetables: eggplant, potatoes, bell peppers, pumpkin, cucumbers, cauliflower, zucchini
• watermelons
• pasta
• rye bread, white wheat bread
• buckwheat, wheat porridge
• citrus
• eggs with yolks removed (no more than 1 yolk allowed per day)
• jam, jelly and compotes
• honey, marshmallow, marmalade
• Tea with lemon

From fruits I recommend eating more apples, pears, grapes, from berries - watermelons. It is these products that contribute to the alkalization of urine.

During this regimen, it is necessary to drink about 2-3 liters of fluid daily.

Citrus products can be eaten when oxalates are not observed in the urine. If they are present in the urine test, then limited consumption of oranges is allowed. Also, you should limit your consumption of potatoes.

Forbidden foods during the diet against urate stones

• organ meats and juvenile meat
• broths of all varieties: from meat, mushrooms and fish
• smoked meats and pickles
• from vegetables: leaf lettuce, parsley, green onion, sorrel
• from fruits: Antonov apples, cranberries, lingonberries and other fruits with high acidity
• legumes
• flour
• alcohol
• cocoa, chocolate, coffee, sweet
• It is necessary to limit salt in consumption and observe its norm for the day.

Thus, in case of urolithiasis, accompanied by the formation of stones from uric acid salts (urates), diet No. 6 can be recommended, i.e. the same as for gout.

Features of cooking with a diet against urate stones

Despite the diet, absolutely everyone always wants to treat themselves to a piece of freshly cooked delicious meat. In this case, you can afford it. I want to tell you about the foods, features and principles of cooking meat that should be followed when dieting against urates in the kidneys.

As I wrote above, urate stones are formed due to uric acid salts, the formation of which is facilitated by special substances - purines. The largest amount of purines is found in meat, fish, mushrooms, offal: liver, kidneys, lungs. When these products are cooked, most of these substances are digested and remain in the broth. Therefore, any meat broths are categorically contraindicated. And meat is allowed only in boiled form or steamed.

1. Soak the meat in the salt solution for about three hours before cooking.
2. Cook the first courses on a vegetable broth, the meat can be cooked separately and put on a plate when serving.
3. Place meat immediately into boiling water.

The main folk remedies in the fight against urates

It is very useful for a person suffering from kidney stones to eat foods such as freshly squeezed carrot juices and radishes with honey. They accompany the removal of a stone from the kidney.

The correct menu for a diet against urates.

Which doctor should be consulted?

If you want to consult about the necessary medications, then you should go to a nephrologist. If you decide to consult a specialist about a diet that you should follow, discuss allowed foods, go to a nutritionist.

According to the US National Institutes of Health, every 10th person in the world faces a serious problem called urolithiasis. More often, men suffer from the formation of kidney stones than women, but in any case, an exacerbation of the disease causes an acute attack of pain that requires urgent hospitalization, and often surgery.

Symptoms of urolithiasis

Kidney stones, scientifically called stones, develop when various types of chemicals, such as phosphorus, calcium, uric or oxalic acid, exceed the acceptable levels in the body. Fine sand that forms in the renal pelvis or bladder usually leaves the body without causing much trouble. Another thing is large stones that provoke dagger pain that radiates to the groin or genitals. Other symptoms that accompany this painful condition include pain during urination, blood in the urine, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever, and anxiety.

Causes of urolithiasis

Factors that increase the risk of developing kidney stones include: "bad" heredity, overweight, dehydration, diseases of the digestive system, pathologies of the urinary tract, as well as food addictions, including the abuse of foods high in sugars, salt and proteins. In persons who have already encountered urolithiasis, the likelihood of a recurrence of this disease is high.

Diet is a key factor in the fight against urolithiasis. In this regard, the exclusion of some harmful foods from your diet will prevent the formation of kidney stones and support this paired organ. Let's take a closer look at these harmful products.

10 foods that cause kidney stones

1. Sorrel, spinach and rhubarb

Kidney stones are formed due to the accumulation of oxalic acid salts in the urine, i.e. oxalates, which means that those who consume foods rich in oxalates are at risk of this problem. To protect yourself, urologists recommend minimizing the use of sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, beets, cabbage and celery, milk and strawberries. In addition, you should control the consumption of foods rich in vitamin C, since in case of excess this vitamin can turn into oxalates. The formation of calculi in the kidneys contributes to the low content of vitamin B6 and magnesium, which means it is important to regularly replenish the level of these substances through food.

People who are at risk of developing urolithiasis should be aware that the disease is provoked by foods high in purines, such as sardines. An excess of purines in the body increases the uric acid content, which leads to sedimentation in the bladder or kidneys of uric acid stones.

According to the American Association of Urology, a high intake of purines, combined with animal proteins, can provoke the development of hyperuricosuria or hyperuricemia even in a perfectly healthy person who has not previously encountered kidney stones. It is for this reason that every person should limit their consumption of sardines to once a week and consume them in small quantities. In addition to sardines, purine bases are found in foods such as dried porcini mushrooms, veal liver, smoked sprat, tuna in oil, trout, anchovies, and beer.

3. Red meat

Eating large amounts of red meat can also cause kidney stones. The fact is that meat is rich in animal proteins, which, with an excess in the body, provoke an increase in uric acid and calcium in the urine. In addition, in the process of protein digestion, a by-product, nitrogen, appears, which is the main participant in the formation of toxins. These toxic substances can cause damage to the kidneys by triggering the mechanism for the formation of stones. To prevent this from happening, eliminate red meat from your daily diet. It is enough to use it twice a week.

4. Carbonated drinks

Regular consumption of soda, energy drinks and even juices in packages and bottles increases the risk of developing urolithiasis. A 2007 study by the Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology found that drinks such as Pepsi and Coca-Cola contain phosphoric acid, which causes changes in the urinary tract, contributing to chronic kidney disease and stone formation. .

In addition, a study published in 2013 in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology suggests that people who regularly consume sugar and sweetened water are at a much higher risk of developing kidney stones than those who do not consume sugar and its substitutes. Switch to plain water with lemon juice instead of soda.

5. Soy products

Soybeans, as well as genetically modified soy products, are dangerous for the body and can affect kidney health. This is due to the high level of oxalates, which cause the formation of sand, and then stones in the kidneys and urea.

A 2009 study published in the International Journal of Biosciences focuses on the effects of eating GMO foods. The report refers to experiments on mammals, as a result of which it turned out that genetically modified foods primarily affect the liver and kidneys. Oxalate-rich and non-fermented soy products such as soy milk and tofu cheese. To protect yourself from kidney problems when choosing soybeans, scientists say, preference should be given to organically grown varieties. In addition, only fermented soy products such as miso or tempeh should be included in the diet.

6. Refined carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates such as sugar, white rice, premium flour and other foods cause insulin levels to spike, causing calcium to be washed out of the bones and deposited in the bladder. A study conducted in 1986 and published in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology confirmed that it is the excess of refined sugar and sugary drinks that leads to kidney problems and provokes urolithiasis. If you are at risk for kidney stones, avoid starchy and sugary foods.

Excessive consumption of caffeine in food and, especially, in drinks, can cause calcium to be removed from the bones and deposited in the bladder or ureter. And this is an alarming bell, talking about the imminent appearance of kidney stones. Researchers from France in 2004 did a series of analyzes and concluded that excessive consumption of caffeine, which is rich in black tea and coffee, increases the risk of oxalate formation in the urine. In addition, caffeine has a mild diuretic effect, which contributes to dehydration of the body, which means it creates the prerequisites for the formation of stones.

Add to this the fact that caffeine causes a number of health problems, causing insomnia and high blood pressure. To maintain your health, it will be right to reduce the consumption of black tea and coffee to two cups a day, as well as to minimize the use of "energy drinks", carbonated drinks, chocolate and cocoa.

8. Artificial sweeteners

Many of us add artificial sweeteners to tea and coffee instead of sugar in an attempt to reduce our calorie intake. However, such products are not safe for the body and can lead to impaired kidney function if consumed continuously.

According to a 2009 study published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, people who eat artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin or sucralose have an increased risk of kidney dysfunction. In addition, artificial sweeteners do not have the best effect on the blood, contributing to the removal of calcium salts from it and their sedimentation in the kidneys or urea. What to do in such a situation? Nutritionists advise using only natural sweeteners, namely honey or stevia extract.

Separately, it should be said about alcohol - the worst enemy of the body, which causes irreparable damage to the liver and kidneys. In addition to severe toxic damage, alcohol acts as a diuretic, increasing the risk of dehydration. And this process leads to disruption of the functioning of the kidneys, with all the ensuing consequences. In addition, the effects of alcoholic beverages on the body can disrupt the ability to remove uric acid from the body, which causes the formation of kidney stones. In this regard, experts advise to stop drinking alcohol or reduce it to a minimum, which means up to 1-2 glasses of dry wine per week.

10. Salt

Excessive salt intake is a key factor in the formation of kidney stones. Salt retains fluid in the body, as a result of which the normal excretion of urine is disturbed, and its stagnation provokes the deposition of calcium salts and the formation of stones. In addition, the abuse of salt contributes to an increase in blood pressure, which leads to vascular and heart pathologies, which means heart failure, stroke and kidney disease. To protect yourself from such harmful effects, limit your salt intake to 3 grams per day, or rather replace table salt with Himalayan salt. In addition, you can use a variety of spices and herbs to enhance the flavor of your meals and eliminate salt entirely from your diet. Health to you!

Russian doctors told which foods lead to the formation of kidney stones. Among the most dangerous are food additives.

Experts in the field of medicine have found out, due to the use of which foods, kidney stones begin to form. It turned out that the most dangerous are nutritional supplements, and this list is headed by calcium, which many use to maintain bone strength. Informs about it

It turned out that excessive calcium intake can cause pair organ disease, osteoporosis and bone loss. In second place in terms of harmfulness is salt. Yes, the same cookbook that all people use daily. It tends to linger in the body, which disrupts the normal process of urine excretion. As a result, the kidneys feel an additional load during work. It is possible to fight this. It is necessary to limit salt intake to 3 grams per day. But, as experts say, it is difficult to control the amount of the “insidious” mineral eaten, because salt is contained in many finished products.

Nutrition experts believe that you can protect your body from unnecessary and dangerous ailments by excluding semi-finished products, sausages, pastries, instant soups and bouillon cubes from the diet. In addition, products containing calcium, milk, cottage cheese, sour cream should also be limited in use. It is also necessary to know the measure in the use of eggs, cabbage, legumes and black bread. Their daily norm in the aggregate should be no more than 1200 grams. But a more accurate calculation is done based on the mass of the human body.