Scenario for an extracurricular activity “Sweet image of a mother” (based on the works of writers and poets of the 19th-20th centuries) Purpose: - recall the works of writers and poets, where a sweet image of a mother is described; - get acquainted with those works where there is an image of a mother. Educational goal: to develop a caring attitude towards the mother and love for her. Equipment: colored crayons, photographs of mothers, texts of works, drawings by students, wall newspapers. On the board (screen): poster: “A woman – a mother – is life, hope and love.” The prophet said: “There is no god but God!” I say: - There is no mother, except mother...! (R. Gamzatov) In Russian “mama” In Vainakh “nana” And in Avar affectionately “baba” From thousands of words of the earth and ocean This one has a special destiny. (R. Gamzatov, “Mama”) You knew the caresses of your relatives’ mothers But I didn’t know, and only in a dream In my golden childhood dreams, Mother sometimes appeared to me Oh, mom, if only I could find you, My fate would not be so bitter ( from the song from the film “Generals of the Sand Quarries”) Mom! Dear mother! How I love you... (from the song) All kinds of mothers are needed, All kinds of mothers are important. (S. Marshak, verse. “What do you have?”) Teacher’s word: The image of the mother, already in oral folk art, acquired the captivating features of a keeper of the hearth, a hard-working and faithful wife, a defender of her own children and an invariable guardian for all the disadvantaged, insulted and offended. These defining qualities of the mother’s soul are reflected and sung in Russian folk tales and folk songs. Mother... The dearest and closest person. She gave us life, gave us a happy childhood. A mother's heart, like the sun, shines always and everywhere, warming us with its warmth. She is ours best friend, wise advisor. Mother is our guardian angel. That is why the image of the mother becomes one of the main ones in Russian literature already in the 19th century. The theme of the mother sounded truly deeply in the poetry of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. The image of the mother is vividly represented by A.N. Nekrasov in many of his works (“Village suffering is in full swing,” “Orina, the soldier’s mother,” “Hearing the horrors of war,” “Who lives well in Rus'”). Presenter: And today we have an extracurricular event, the theme of which is “The Sweet Image of a Mother” based on the works of poets and writers of the 19th – 20th centuries. And we will begin our lesson with a poem by Nikolai Zabolotsky, dedicated to the sweetest and dearest image - the image of a mother. At night there is a hacking cough. The old woman fell ill. For many years she lived in our apartment as a lonely old woman. There were letters! Only very rarely! And then, not forgetting us, she kept walking and whispering: “Children, you should come to me at least once.” Your mother has become bent and aged. What can you do? Old age has approached. How nice it would be for us to sit side by side at our table. You walked under this table, got ready, sang songs until dawn, and then parted and sailed away. That's it, come and collect it! Mother is sick! And that same night the Telegraph never tired of knocking: “Children, urgently! Children, very urgently, come! Mother is sick! From Kursk, from Minsk, from Tallinn, from Igarka, Putting things aside for the time being, the children gathered, but it was a pity At the bedside, and not at the table. Wrinkled hands pressed her, Stroked her silver strand. Did you really let separation come between you for so long? Was it really only telegrams that led you to fast trains? Listen, there is a shelf, come to them without telegrams. Host: Many prose and lyrical works are dedicated to the image of a sweet mother. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov wrote in his poem “Caucasus”: In my infancy I lost my mother, But I remembered that in the pink hour of the evening That steppe repeated to me a memorable voice. Presenter: And, overcome by pain and suffering, he put words into Mtsyri’s mouth (poem “Mtsyri”): I could not say to anyone the sacred words “father and mother.” Teacher's word: Nekrasov's traditions are reflected in the poetry of the great Russian poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin. Through the creativity of S.A. Yesenina passes through the bright image of the poet’s mother. S.A. Yesenin can be placed next to N.A. Nekrasov, who sang “the tears of poor mothers.” They cannot forget their children, who died in the bloody field, nor can the weeping willow lift up its drooping branches. Leading: Famous poet XX century Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin in the poem “Letter to a Mother” wrote the following words, imbued with love for his mother: Are you still alive, my old lady? I'm alive too. Hello, hello to you! Let that evening unspeakable light flow over your hut. They write to me that you, with your anxiety, are very sad about me, that you often go on the road in an old-fashioned, shabby shushun... Host: Pay attention to the epigraphs written on the board. (Reads statements written on the board.) Different people, different times, but the thought is the same. Now listen to the poem by Rasul Gamzatov, our fellow Avar by nationality, who passed away in 2003.

Mom is the first word

The main word in every destiny.

Mom gave life

She gave the world to you and me.

Song from the film “Mama”

There is probably not a single country where Mother's Day is not celebrated.

In Russia, Mother's Day began to be celebrated relatively recently - since 1998.

Among the many holidays celebrated in our country, Mother's Day ranks special place. This is a holiday to which no one can remain indifferent. On this day I would like to say words of gratitude to all Mothers who give their children love, kindness, tenderness and affection.

Every minute a miracle happens on the planet. This is a miracle - the birth of a child, the birth of a new person. When a little man is born, then, of course, he does not understand anything and knows practically nothing. Why practically? Yes, because the baby knows for sure that his mother, the dearest and closest person, should be somewhere nearby. Yes, yes, mother and child are inextricably linked with each other and this connection begins in the womb. “Mom” is the most sacred word in the world. Love for a mother is inherent in nature itself. This feeling lives in a person until the end of his days. How can you not love your mother if you owe your birth to her? The place of a mother is always special, exceptional in our lives. The most important shrines of our life are named after our mother.

Throughout the history of mankind, the image of the Mother of God has been glorified. Artists and sculptors, poets and composers dedicate their creations to the Mother of God. The image of the mother has been so ancient and organically inherent in Russian literature that it seems possible to consider it as a special literary phenomenon that has deep roots and occupies an important place in both classical and modern literature. Taking its source from the very birth of Russian literature, the image of the mother consistently passes through all stages of its development, but even in the literature of the 20th century it retains its main features that were characteristic of it from the beginning. The Russian image of the mother is a national cultural symbol that has not lost its high value from ancient times to the present day. It is no coincidence that when speaking about the national Russian cosmos, Russian consciousness, the Russian model of the world, philosophers and cultural scientists spoke, first of all, about the “maternal” in the foundation of Russian. Mother Earth, Mother Russia, the Mother of God are the most important and highest aspects of this maternal. The mother's appearance is already verbal folk art acquired the captivating features of a keeper of the hearth, a hard-working and faithful wife, a protector of her own children and an invariable guardian for all the disadvantaged, insulted and offended. These defining qualities of the mother's soul are reflected and sung in Russian folk tales and folk songs.

It is this holiday in Central City Library The exhibition is dedicated to The image of the mother in Russian literature."

The following books are presented at the exhibition:

** Collection of poems “Mother”- a kind of anthology of Russian and Soviet poetry, dedicated to a topic dear and close to every person - the theme of the mother. The collection includes best works poets created over almost three centuries.

** Collection “Mom”, which contains works dedicated to the mother. You will feel the reverent love and boundless gratitude that Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky had for his mother; You will find out what a tender and courageous mother Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya was. The lines of Leo Tolstoy and Maxim Gorky, Nikolai Nekrasov, the heartfelt words of Alexander Fadeev and Alexander Tvardovsky help us better understand and appreciate our mothers.

** Collection of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, in which the image of a woman - mother is clearly presented in many of his works: “The village suffering is in full swing”, “Orina, the soldier’s mother”, “Hearing the horrors of war”, the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”.

** Collection of the great Russian poet S. A. Yesenin, who created surprisingly sincere poems about his peasant mother.

** Poem "Requiem" by A.A. Akhmatova.

** Vasily Grossman's novel “Life and Fate”

** “Mother of Man” by Vitaly Zakrutkin- a heroic poem about the unparalleled courage, perseverance and humanity of a Russian woman - a mother.

At the exhibition, readers will be able to get acquainted with other works of Russian and Soviet writers and poets.

The exhibition is on display in the Central City Hospital's subscription hall until the end of November 2014.

The meaning of the image of the mother in Russian poetry

The image of the mother has long been inherent in Russian poetry and Russian culture as a whole. This theme occupies an important place in both classical and modern poetry. Moreover, the Russian image of the mother is a national cultural symbol that has not lost its high meaning from ancient times to the present day. It is characteristic that the image of a mother, growing from the image of a specific person, the poet’s mother, becomes a symbol of the Motherland.

The history of the development of the image of the mother in Russian poetry

The image of the mother in Russian poetry is continuously connected with folklore tradition. Already in folklore works - in wedding and funeral songs - the image of a mother appears. In spiritual verses, this image appears through the image of the Mother of God, especially revered in Rus'.

IN poetry XIX century, the theme of the mother is primarily associated with the names of M. Yu. Lermontov and N. A. Nekrasov. In the works of these poets, the image of the mother was given great value. It can be argued that it is from the work of M. Yu. Lermontov that the image of the mother begins to enter classical poetry. A. S. Pushkin does not have a single poem dedicated to his mother; in the works of M. Yu. Lermontov there are several of them. For example, “Caucasus”, “Angel”.

The theme of the mother is truly deeply and fully represented in the works of N. A. Nekrasov. Many of the poet’s poems are dedicated to the difficult fate of his own mother. Along with such a specific embodiment of this image in the poetry of N.A. Nekrasov there is also a generalized image - folk image mother.

In the poetry of the twentieth century, the theme of the mother received its further development. In particular, in the works of such poets as N. Klyuev, A. Blok, S. Yesenin, A. Akhmatova, M. Tsvetaeva, A. Tvardovsky and others. It is worth noting that in the poetry of the second half of the twentieth century the theme of the mother is inextricably linked with with a war theme or a village theme.

The image of the mother is eternal theme, which will never lose its significance. Attitude towards a mother, love for her is the measure that accurately determines the level of cultural development of a society, its moral values ​​and the spiritual world of each of its members.

The image of a mother in the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov (using the example of the poem “Hearing the horrors of war...”)

In world literature, the image of the mother is one of the most revered. Russian prose writers and poets also repeatedly turned to him, but in XIX literature century, the image of the mother received a more complete and touching embodiment in the works of N. A. Nekrasov.

Until the end of his days, N.A. Nekrasov kept in his memory the bright image of his mother. The poet dedicated the poems “Last Songs”, “Knight for an Hour”, and the poem “Mother” to her. He missed her very much while studying at the Yaroslavl gymnasium, and then in St. Petersburg, during the years of difficult independent life, he was warmed by a feeling of deep affection and love for his mother.

N.A. Nekrasov sympathized with the difficult and difficult life of his mother with her harsh husband, a poorly educated army officer who became the despot of the family, and always remembered her with great warmth and tenderness. Warm memories of his mother appeared in the poet’s work in the form of works about the difficult lot of women in Rus'. The idea of ​​motherhood appeared on a larger scale later in such famous works N. A. Nekrasova, as the chapter “Peasant Woman” from the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, the poem “Orina, the Soldier’s Mother”.

Thus, the image of the mother becomes one of the main goodies creativity of N. A. Nekrasov.

Let us consider in more detail the image of the mother in the works of N. A. Nekrasov using the example of the poem “Hearing the horrors of war...”, dedicated to Crimean War 1853 – 1856 This small poem, just 17 lines, succinctly and deeply conveys the meaninglessness of a bloody and merciless war:

Hearing the horrors of war, With each new casualty of the battle...

The poet reflects on what grief the death of a soldier will cause for loved ones, but he sympathizes first of all with the mother who lost her son in the war:

I don't feel sorry for my friend, not my wife, I don't feel sorry for the hero himself... Alas! the wife will be comforted, And the best friend will forget his friend; But somewhere there is one soul - She will remember until the grave!

For a mother, the death of her son is a real tragedy, because she is the one who loves her child sincerely and selflessly; her whole life is filled with inexhaustible love for him, the meaning of her whole life is made up.

Among our hypocritical deeds And all the vulgarity and prose I saw some holy, sincere tears in the world - Those are the tears of poor mothers!

When, over time, everyone forgets about the deceased “hero” - his friends, his wife, his mother, whom the poet compares to a weeping willow, will forever remember and mourn about him.

They cannot forget their children, who died in the bloody field, nor can the weeping willow lift up its drooping branches...

A lot of time has passed since this poem was written, wars have died down, more than one “hero” has died, but, unfortunately, it has still not lost its relevance. And it will not lose as long as mothers lose their sons in war. The image of the mother presented in this work has become a collective image of all mothers who mourn their sons who did not return from the battlefields.

The image of a mother in the poetry of S. A. Yesenin (using the example of the poem “Letter to a Mother”)

In Russian poetry of the twentieth century, the theme of the mother is continued in the works of S. A. Yesenin.

Let us turn to his poem “Letter to Mother.” It was written in 1924, during the last period of creativity and almost at the very end of the poet’s life. In many of his works of that time, the theme of the irretrievably gone past is heard, but along with it the theme of the mother also arises. One of these works was the poem “Letter to a Mother,” written in the form of an address to her. The entire poetic message is permeated with tenderness and love for the dearest person:

I am still just as gentle and I only dream about, So that out of rebellious melancholy I can quickly return to our low house.

The poet admires the love and care of a mother who worries about her son, worries about his life and fate. Melancholy and sad forebodings make her feel more and more sad rather than happy:

They write to me that you, filled with anxiety, are very sad about me, that you often go on the road in an old-fashioned, shabby shushun.

The lyrical hero fails to reassure his mother in a letter; much is missed, lost or lost. He understands that the past cannot be returned, but for him his mother is the same thread that connects him with the past, carefree, bright and pure. This is where such tender and touching mutual love comes from.

And don’t teach me to pray. No need! There is no going back to the old ways anymore. You alone are my help and joy, You alone are my unspeakable light.

The poetic message addressed to the mother ends with an appeal lyrical hero, which sounds like a heartfelt request, not to be sad, not to worry about your unlucky son. It is noteworthy that in the final lines there is no reassurance, promise, hope that everything will be fine. After all, no matter what, the mother will not stop worrying about her son, loving him sincerely and tenderly.

So forget about your anxiety, Don't be so sad about me. Don't go on the road so often In an old-fashioned, shabby shushun.

The image of a mother in the poetry of A. T. Tvardovsky (using the example of the cycle “In Memory of the Mother”)

The theme of the mother is present throughout the entire work of A. T. Tvardovsky. For example, in such poems different years, like “Mothers”, “Song”, “With one beauty you came to your husband’s house...”, etc. Very often the image of a mother in the poet’s works goes beyond the scope of dedication to one to a specific person– his own mother - and becomes the image of the Motherland. Thus, the universal image of a mother-woman is depicted in the poems “Son”, “Mother and Son”, “You timidly lift him up...”, especially in works dedicated to war (the poem “House by the Road”).

In 1965, A. T. Tvardovsky created the cycle “In Memory of the Mother.” The cycle consists of four poems dedicated to the mother, which present memories of the mother’s life, and also reflect the poet’s memory of her. The reason for its appearance was the death in 1965 of the poet’s mother, Maria Mitrofanovna. But in the last poem of this cycle, death gives way to life; the poet sees it as a kind of transition.

Water raker carrier, Young guy, Take me to the other side, Side - home...

The mother's song mentioned in the poem, familiar from childhood, tells her whole life. Farewell to your father's house after marriage, parting with your native land and exile to an inhospitable foreign country and a long-awaited return to your homeland.

Tears from my long-ago youth, There is no time for those girlish tears, Like other transports I have seen in my life. Like from the ground native land It's time to go into the distance. Another river flowed there - Wider than our Dnieper.

In every line of this poem one can feel the depth of experience, the most tender and at the same time sad feelings of the poet. The poem completes the theme of mother in the work of A.T. Tvardovsky, but it paints an ever-living image of a mother - both the poet’s own mother and a generalized image of motherhood.

Love

mothers...

Russian poetry is great and diverse, and during its development and existence it has managed to absorb and accommodate all the storms of social upheavals and transformations. Its civil and social resonance and significance are undeniable. At the same time, she always knew how to capture and express the subtlest and most intimate movements of the human soul; and in harsh times, rising to the alarm thunder, poetry did not break off its pure and subtle melody of a loving heart; it revealed and strengthened global philosophical truths and shook hitherto existing ideas about the world order.

From this great sea, which seems to reflect all the abysses, you can draw endlessly - and it will not become shallow forever. It is no coincidence that we publish voluminous collections and entire volumes of poems about camaraderie and friendship, love and nature, soldier’s courage and the Motherland. Any of these themes deserved and received their full and worthy embodiment in the deep and original works of masters of poetry.

But there is another holy page in our poetry, dear and close to any unhardened heart, any unlost soul that has not forgotten or renounced its origins - this is poetry about the mother.

The poet R. Gamzanov wrote, bowing to his mother:

Everyone stand up and listen while standing,

Preserved in all its glory

This word is ancient, holy!

Straighten up! Get up! Stand up everyone!

This word will never deceive you,

There is a life hidden in it,

It is the source of everything. There is no end to it.

Stand up, I say it: mom!..

Mother! How capacious, how beautiful this word is! Maxim Gorky wrote: “Without the sun, flowers do not bloom, without love there is no happiness, without a woman there is no love, without a mother there is neither a poet nor a hero, all the pride of the world comes from Mothers!”

What could be more sacred in the world than a mother!..

From the first day of a child’s life, the mother lives by his breath, his tears and smiles. A man who has not yet taken a single step on the earth and is just beginning to babble, hesitantly and diligently puts together “ma-ma” syllable by syllable and, feeling his luck, seeing a joyful mother, laughs, happy...

The sun warms all living things, and mother's love warms the baby's life. Mom has the kindest and most affectionate heart. I recall lines from a poem by L. Nikolaenko:

I love you, mom, for what, I don’t know

Probably because I live and dream,

And I rejoice in the sun and the bright day.

This is why I love you, dear...

All the most precious shrines are named and illuminated by the name of the mother, because the very concept of life is associated with this name.

Happy is the one who has known maternal affection since childhood and grew up under the caring warmth and light of a mother’s gaze; and to death he suffers and is tormented, having lost in his early years the most precious being in the world - his mother; and even when he ends his seemingly well-lived life, he cannot, without tears and bitterness, remember this unhealed pain, this terrible damage that his merciless fate has burdened him with.

It is no coincidence that we respond with all our hearts to the poetry of G. Lysenko, a poet from Vladivostok, whose biography is easily discernible behind the lines of his poems: homeless post-war childhood, cloudless youth... The poet wrote a poem dedicated to the memory of his mother:

Hand casting a fresh throne:

It's still warm. Another one I remember is copper.

Before her death, the mother throws the icon into the oven -

Then I wouldn’t dare to do this either.

Then the night seemed long to me too.

Mother died.

I am naive with audacity

He blamed everything not on God, but on the doctors.

The poet V. Kazin showed his incomprehensible bitterness and loss in the final lines of the poem “On the Mother’s Grave”:

Both grief and bewilderment are oppressive,

It stuck like a nail in my being,

I’m standing - your living continuation,

A beginning that has lost its own.

We look at a person with respect and gratitude, gray hair reverently pronouncing the name of the mother and respectfully protecting her old age; and with contempt - who forgot about the woman who gave birth and raised him, and in the bitter time of old age turned away from her, denied her a good memory, a piece or shelter. The poem by the poet A. Remizova about feelings for her mother “Take care of mothers” will be very relevant for such people:

Please, take care of your mothers,

Protect with warmth from the blizzard of life,

Their love is a hundred times hotter,

Than friends and beloved girlfriend.

Mother will take your pain upon herself,

All the torment, confusion and torment,

Mother will put bread and salt on the road

And he will stretch out his hands towards you...

In printed literature, which was initially the domain of only representatives of the upper classes, the image of the mother remained in the shadows for a long time. Perhaps the reason for this phenomenon is simple and natural: after all, then, noble children, as a rule, were not only given tutors for their education, but also fed, and the children of the noble class, unlike the children of the peasant class, were artificially removed from their mother and were fed with the milk of other women; therefore, there was a dulling of filial feelings, albeit not fully conscious, which could not, ultimately, not affect the work of future poets.

It is no coincidence that he did not write a single poem about his parent and so many lovely poetic dedications to his nanny Arina Rodionovna, whom the poet often affectionately and carefully called “mummy.”

We all know Pushkin’s favorite lines:

Friend of my harsh days,

My decrepit dove!

Alone in the wilderness of pine forests

For a long, long time you have been waiting for me...

And indeed, nothing human was alien to Alexander Sergeevich. In these lines we hear his living voice, the overflow of the poet’s living feelings.

The theme of the mother sounded truly deeply and powerfully in democratic poetry. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov created a surprisingly complete and capacious image of a peasant woman-mother. Suffice it to recall his poems “...There are women in Russian villages”, “The village suffering is in full swing”, “Orina, the soldier’s mother”, “A Knight for an Hour”, the epic poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”.

The image of a mother, already in oral folk poetry, acquired the captivating features of a keeper of the hearth, a hard-working and faithful wife, a protector of her own children and an invariable caretaker for all the disadvantaged, insulted and offended. He continued this theme in his work. In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the poet described the love for the children of the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna. Demushka's death was a terrible tragedy for her mother. All the hardships of a hard peasant life and the death of a child still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year, and she continues to live, raise her children, and do hard work. Matryona Timofeevna is ready to do anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by the episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for an offense. Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner so that he can help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner ordered:

Helping a minor

Out of youth, out of stupidity

Forgive... but the woman is impudent

Approximately punish!

Why did Matryona Timofeevna suffer punishment? For his boundless love for children, for his willingness to sacrifice himself for them.

Nekrasov's traditions were promptly picked up and widely and fully developed not only by such poets as I. Surikov, I. Nikitin, but in the course of the further literary process by later authors. Of these, first of all, the name of Sergei Yesenin should be mentioned, who created surprisingly sincere and emotional poems about his mother, a peasant woman by birth and occupation, therefore in some ways continuing a gallery of Nekrasov’s images.

One of S. Yesenin’s poems “Letter to Mother” is addressed to himself to a loved one on Earth and begins with the address:

Are you still alive, my old lady?

I'm alive too. Hello, hello!

Let it flow over your hut

That evening unspeakable light...

... That you often go on the road

In an old-fashioned, shabby shushun.

The image of the poem expresses the motive of the meeting. From Yesenin’s lines:

They write to me that you, harboring anxiety,

She was very sad about me,

you can find out that Yesenin’s mother is alive and anxiously awaiting a meeting with her son.

In difficult moments of his life, his heart reached out to his parents' hearth. Many Russian poets have written about mothers more than once, but it seems to me that Yesenin’s poems can be called the most touching confessions in love to “a dear, dear old lady.” His lines are full of piercing cordiality.

Peaceful labor, procreation, the unity of man with nature - these are the ideals by which history should be oriented. Any deviation from this life that has been established for centuries threatens with unpredictable consequences, leads to tragedy, and misfortune.

The name of this misfortune is war. The joy of life is darkened by memories of those killed and not returned. And no matter how many simple-haired mothers run out into the alleys and look from under their palms, they won’t wait for those dear to their hearts! No matter how many tears stream from swollen and faded eyes, it will not wash away the melancholy! It is about such aged people, bent to the ground from the constant maternal grief, that many poems have been written by the poets A. Tvardovsky, Y. Smelyakov, D. Blynsky, O. Berggolts, M. Maksimov, A. Dementiev...

It is impossible without inner awe and deep complicity to read the lines filled with high meaning from Nekrasov’s poem “Hearing the Horrors of War” about the holy, sincere tears of mothers:

...Holy, sincere tears -

Those are the tears of poor mothers!

They will not forget their children,

Those who died in the bloody field,

How not to pick up a weeping willow

Its drooping branches...

This theme is continued by A. Nedogonov in the poem “Mother’s Tears”, despite the fact that his son returned from the war:

...The fifth snow began to swirl and covered the road

Over the bones of the enemy near the Mozhaisk birch.

The gray-haired son returned to his native threshold...

Mother's tears, mother's tears!..

A different era dictated its motives. The image of the mother began to look even more tragic against the backdrop of the great and terrible in its cruelty of the past war. Who suffered more than a mother at this time? She lost her sons at the front, survived the occupation and was left with small children in her arms without bread and shelter, she worked until exhaustion in the workshops and fields and, helping the Fatherland with all her might to survive, shared the last piece with the front. She endured and overcame everything, and therefore, in our minds, the concepts of “homeland” and “mother” have long merged together.

The beautiful, brave image of the mother-heroine is described in the poem “Mother”:

... And herself, like a mother bird, towards -

Withdraw the enemy for a short period of time.

And one grabbed her by the shoulders,

And the other one tore off her scarf.

But what fire was still hidden?

In this weak, dried-out chest!

She grinned, looking at the soldier:

Did you deal with the old woman? Lead! –

They led me, dragged me to torment

For love and honor to answer.

They twisted her, tied her hands -

Hands that have worked for so many years.

That they cooked food, cut rye,

What miles of cloth have been woven,

That they raised sons-heroes, -

Far away sons. There is war all around...

They beat me, but they didn’t kill me. Like a dog

They left. I woke up from the dew.

That's okay. You can at least cry

So that the dogs don't see your tears...

The image of the mother has always carried the features of drama and even tragedy and almost always, and above all, sounded social: if the mother, the most sacred creature on earth, feels bad, then can we talk about the justice of the world?

It is impossible to remain indifferent to the poem "Requiem".

An unfamiliar woman, just like someone standing in prison lines in Leningrad, asked her to describe all the horrors of the Yezhovshchina. And Anna Andreevna responded. And it couldn’t be otherwise, because as she herself says:

I was then with my people,

Where my people, unfortunately, were...

Repression fell not only on friends, but also on Akhmatova’s family: her son, Lev Gumilyov, was arrested and exiled, and then her husband, and earlier, in 1921, her first husband, Yev, was shot.

Husband in the grave, son in prison,

Pray for me... -

she writes in “Requiem”, and in these lines one can hear the prayer of an unfortunate woman who has lost her loved ones.

Before us passes the fate of a mother and son, whose images are correlated with gospel symbolism. We see either a simple woman whose husband is arrested at night, or a biblical Mother whose Son was crucified. Here before us is a simple Russian woman, in whose memory the crying of children, the melted candle at the shrine, the deathly sweat on the face of a loved one who is being taken away at dawn will forever remain. She will cry for him just as the Streltsy wives once cried under the walls of the Kremlin. Then suddenly we see the image of a mother, so similar to Anna Akhmatova herself, who cannot believe that everything is happening to her - the “mockery”, “darling”... Could she ever have thought that she would be three hundredth in line at Kresty . And now her whole life is in these queues:

I've been screaming for seventeen months,

I'm calling you home

I threw myself at the feet of the executioner,

You are my son and my horror...

It’s impossible to make out who is the “beast” and who is the “man,” because innocent people are being arrested, and all the mother’s thoughts involuntarily turn to death.

And then the sentence sounds - “the stone word”, and you have to kill the memory, petrify the soul and learn to live again. And the mother thinks about death again, only now - her own. It seems to her like salvation, and it doesn’t matter what form it takes: “a poisoned shell”, “a weight”, “a typhoid child” - the main thing is that it will relieve suffering and spiritual emptiness. These sufferings are comparable only to the suffering of the Mother of Jesus, who also lost her son.

But the mother understands that this is only madness, because death will not allow you to take with you:

Nor the son's terrible eyes -

Petrified suffering

Not the day when the storm came,

Not an hour of prison visiting...

This means that we must live in order to name those who died in Stalin’s dungeons, to remember always and everywhere who stood “both in the bitter cold and in the July heat under the blinding red wall.”

There is a poem in the poem called "The Crucifixion". It describes the last minutes of Jesus' life, his appeal to his mother and father. There is a misunderstanding of what is happening, and the realization comes that everything that is happening is senseless and unfair, because there is nothing worse than the death of an innocent person and the grief of a mother who has lost her son.

In the poem, A. Akhmatova showed her involvement in the fate of the country. The famous prose writer B. Zaitsev, after reading “Requiem,” said: “Could it be imagined that this fragile and thin woman would utter such a cry - feminine, maternal, a cry not only for herself, but also for all those who suffer - wives, mothers, brides , in general, about all those crucified?” And it is impossible for the lyrical heroine to forget the mothers who suddenly turned gray, the howl of the old woman who lost her son and not embody their images in the poem. And the poem “Requiem” sounds like a memorial prayer for all those who died in the terrible time of repression.

How stingy and tragic this sounds, how simple and close everything is to our time. And again, the crimson reflections of recent fires instantly come to life in the blood, deadly shells howl and rumble, screams of horror and powerless groans are heard. And above all this torn and torn world, the bent figure of the mother rises in silent grief.

In 2005, Mila Lysenko wrote another “Requiem for the boys of the 131st Maikop brigade” for the sad date of January 2, 1995, when our lives exploded along with the explosions of the first shells in Grozny. Her son fought in this war. The mother recalls: “Yes, these shells not only tore apart the lives of our boys who served in the Maikop 131st motorized rifle brigade, they tore apart the lives of hundreds, thousands of families. Those who died and those who are alive - we must always remember this...” This is how Mila describes the image of her mother, love for her son, memory for children in “Requiem for the boys of the 131st Maikop brigade”:

...The asphalt is covered in blood, huge rubble...

The cars are burning, the flames are like daylight!

And at home mothers watch TV,

Praying to fate: “If only not about him!”

I read a telegram at the post office,

She suddenly lost consciousness

And this is the son, preserving the health of his mother -

He didn’t tell her where he went then.

And this mother, not believing her dreams,

She waited, and mentally shielded herself from the bullet,

Losing strength, she wove an alu shawl,

As if she were protecting her son.

And she protected him and found him,

When your strength is running out,

In a distant city, he lay shell-shocked,

And yet he’s alive, thin, but he walks and walks!

But how many of them are there who, having waited,

Let's go look for our own boys!

How many months we walked around the yards,

As they asked questions, they cried more and more quietly.

Then we recognized them with great difficulty

Out of thousands of the same burnt,

Then they were buried by the whole regiment,

Playing music on raw nerves.

And coming here for the tenth time

We want to say, shedding tears:

Dear ones, you are all alive for us,

And you will be alive for years, years!..

Even in the most seemingly quiet times an ominous fate hung over the mother and worried, so the Russian mother from distant centuries bears the mark of an eternal sufferer. Prosperous people, carefreely basking in their happiness, rarely rise to the level of understanding the suffering of their neighbor; Maybe that’s why the mother in our literature, who has had her share of dashing, is most often a compassionate person, capable of understanding and comforting the neglected and neglected, supporting the weak and instilling faith in the disillusioned. The power of maternal feeling is clearly and succinctly said in L. Tatyanicheva’s poem “Sons”:

They tell me it's too much

I give love to children

What maternal anxiety

Aging my life before its time.

Well, what can I answer them -

As impassive as armor?

The love I gave to my children

Makes me stronger...

But, acquiring the features of a symbol and fulfilling a huge social mission, the mother never lost her usual human features, remaining a hospitable hostess and an intelligent interlocutor, a diligent worker and a natural singer, broad in the feast and courageous in grief, open in joy and restrained in sadness, and always kind, understanding and feminine.

Motherhood itself is a whole world.

Summarizing all of the above, bowing to the poets who skillfully, sincerely, lovingly described the image of the mother, I will try to create a literary portrait in a few lines of a prose poem of my own composition: “You are like this in my thoughts! Heavenly blue is light and clear. In the transparency of deep colors of inexplicable purity, with eyes of blue dreams, you stopped, raising your child so that it could look at the path leading to the grove in the radiant fog. And on your face there is peace and grace - your two companions and every mother who is ready to suffer and wait for the child - to her, the first to her, to pronounce her word that is about to be born.

How can one not be proud of her, one of the mothers, of the initial seed of a huge life that she allowed to be born - like every mother in the world who gives childhood to the world, neglecting her torment. So the sun gives the world at dawn its first ray, the baby of a new earthly day. And anyone who can weigh a grain of sand on his hand, invisible in the sand, is able to feel the entire weight of the planet. So a mother, lifting her child, holds the whole Earth. And that’s the only reason why we can call her a saint.”

Essentially, the image of a mother in Russian poetry has become a kind of standard of female virtues. The generous imagination of the poets depicts us an almost flawless creature, but the tongue does not dare to say that such a predilection sometimes inevitably leads to idealization: after all, the mother really was and remains an extraordinary person!

Mother!.. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most profound and harmonious creations of Russian poetry!

Literature

1. Gamzanov R. “Everyone stand up and listen while standing...” //Vekshegonova I. Mom. Poems by Russian poets about mother. – M.: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 39

2. Gorky about Italy. – M.: Fiction, 1973.- p.59

3. Nikolaenko L. “I love you, mom...” // Vekshegonova I. Mom. Poems by Russian poets about mother. – M.: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 39

4. Lysenko G. Casting a fresh throne by hand // Lysenko G. A roof over your head. - V.: Far Eastern Book Publishing House, 1979. - p. 10

5. Kazin V. At the mother’s grave // ​​Vekshegonova I. Mom. Poems by Russian poets about mother. – M.: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 107

6. Remizova A. Take care of mothers // Scientific and methodological journal " Homeroom teacher", 2004 No. 3.- p. 110

7. Pushkin // Pushkin. – M.: Children's literature, 1978. – p. 174

8. Nekrasov, life is good in Rus' // Nekrasov. – T.3.- M.: Pravda, 1954. – p. 83-96

9. Yesenin’s mother // Yesenin. – M.: Fiction, 1985.- p. 76

10. “Hearing the horrors of war...” // Nekrasov’s works. In 2 volumes. T. 1.- M.: Fiction, 1966. – p.110

11. Nedogonov A. Mother’s tears // Vekshegonova I. Mom. Poems by Russian poets about mother. – M.: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 53

12. Tvardovsky // Tvardovsky. – M.: Children's literature, 1985. – p.18

13. Akhmatova // Akhmatova and poems.- M.: Young Guard, 1989.- p. 147-157

14. Tatyanicheva L. Sons // Vekshegonova I. Mom. Poems by Russian poets about mother. – M.: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 39

15. Kolesnikova O. You are like that in my thoughts. Poem in prose // Kolesnikova O. The image of a mother in poetry. - D.: 2008

Appendix to the work “The Image of the Mother in Poetry”

Creative work of a second year student of group No. 82

by profession "Cook, confectioner"

Valuyskaya Anastasia Sergeevna

“Image of the mother” (6 drawings)

Mom... Close your eyes, listen. And you will hear your mother's voice. He lives in you, so familiar, dear. You can't confuse him with any other! Even when you become an adult, you will always remember her gentle voice, gentle hands, gentle eyes.
Mom gave us a gift, taught us to speak and lit the eternal light of song in our hearts. Therefore, everything dear to our soul is connected with this image. This is the parental house, apple and cherry trees in the garden, a sad river, a fragrant meadow - everything that is called the Motherland.

Love for a mother has inspired many writers to write. T.G. saw the highest and purest beauty of the world in a woman, in a mother. a woman-beloved, a woman-mother is often represented by the poet in the form of a star. When a woman is humiliated and mocked, a decent person cannot remain silent. He was not silent either.
The fate of the serf in Shevchenko’s works is always tragic, since this is what it was like for the women in the poet’s life. This and his birth mother, whom “need and work put into a premature grave,” these are his sisters: Ekaterina, Irina and Maria, those “young doves” whose “tears turned white as a farm laborer.” So, the woman’s unfortunate fate was not only a national, but also a personal tragedy for the Great Kobzar.

For Shevchenko, mother and child have always been the brightest image, the aesthetic personification of beauty, tenderness and nobility. Anna's maternal love from the work "The Maid" is so powerful that this woman endures the greatest torment for a mother all her life - she lives near her son and does not dare admit to him that she is his own mother.

From Shevchenko, the Ukrainian for centuries sang the majestic song of the mother. Since the mother is the embodiment of the beauty of the world, its sunshine, infinity, life-giving, incomprehensibility. Mother taught and teaches us! For every person, it is the beginning of life’s journey, the beginning of kindness and conscience.

Malyshko dedicated “The Song of the Towel” to maternal love and devotion, maternal sadness and greatness. A mother accompanies her son on a long journey. In her gaze there is anxiety and sadness, hope for a happy future for her son, wishing him well in an unknown land. The mother “didn’t get enough sleep at night,” and “fortunately, she gave the towel to her son for fate.”
The mother is sad when parting with her son, but believes in his bright destiny, and the poet embodies this faith in the image of an embroidered towel, which symbolizes life path human and maternal blessing.

Baby loved his mother, and in her - his origin, family, gift, homeland. This love was probably the main source of his creativity, it provided him with inspiration and reminded him of what he was working for, it was the essence of his thinking.
No matter who we become in life, no matter what height we rise to, we always remember our mother’s fair science, her heart given to her child.

In the poem “Swans of Motherhood” V. depicts the image of a mother. Eternally absorbed in worries, always concerned about her children, for whom her care seems like a magical vision:

Looks in window glass gray eyes,
A mother's kind affection is behind her.
We see how swans dance in the house on the wall, how they babble “with their wings and a pink feather,” we hear a prayer for quiet stars to descend on our son’s eyelashes. The whole world in the eyes of the mother is fantastic. We feel maternal affection and care for little son. Years will pass, life will set new demands, new troubles will arise for a person. But behind the son “the mother’s eyes and the blond house will always wander.” And wherever you are, your mother’s love will always accompany you.

I am grateful to my mother for all the best that is in my soul. She taught me to value bread and salt, to pick up accidentally dropped crumbs from the floor, to be honest and hard-working.
Man does not live by bread alone.