What does Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms, Dr mean before a name?

In a nutshell:

• Mr: male, a man of any age and in any status, if he does not have an academic degree;
• Dr: a representative of any gender with a scientific degree (in the Russian Federation: candidate or doctor of certain sciences);
• Miss: unmarried woman;
• Ms: woman, completely independent of her marital status;
• Mrs: married woman.

• These are all forms of address in English, they are placed before the surname. Depending on the status of the addressee and his position, various addresses are used:

  Mr. - Mister - mister, master; an address to a man, placed before the surname or position;

  Mrs. - Misses - mistress, mistress; appeal to married woman, which uses her husband's last name;

  Miss - address to an unmarried woman;

  Ms. - Mizz - an appeal to both married and unmarried women; generally accepted in business;

  Dr. - Doctor - doctor; characterizes an academic degree.

  As a rule, a number of well-known English words that are especially often in circulation are usually abbreviated for greater convenience.

  For example, the abbreviations that are given in the question are often used when booking tickets.

  Below I suggest you familiarize yourself with the decoding of these values.

  So, the data you provided in the reduction question can be revealed like this:

  1) Miss stands for unmarried woman.

  2) Mr stands for exactly what a man is.

  3) Ms stands for just a woman (whether married or not).

  4) Mrs stands for a married woman, or it can also be called a mistress.

  5) Dr stands for a person with a scientific degree.

  These are abbreviations in English. They mean the following:

  • Mr - Mister - man;
  • Mrs - married woman;
  • Miss - girl, unmarried woman;
  • Ms - woman;
  • Dr - Doctor - doctor (scientific degree).

  Read more about all these abbreviations and their correct use read here.

  Explanations of these abbreviations that appear before names:

  Miss is an unmarried woman.

  Mr is a man.

  Ms is just a woman (she may or may not be married).

  Mrs is a married woman, mistress.

  Dr is a person who has an academic degree.

  Such designations, which appear before names and which can often be found in books on English, have the following meanings:

  • Mr is a shortened version of Mister - means Mister: Mr Zemdegs
  • Mrs - this is Mrs - this is what married women are called
  • Miss - also an address to female, but to an unmarried woman
  • Ms - this is how you can address both married and unmarried people, especially when you don’t know for sure
  • Dr - shortened version of Doctor - this is a doctor.

  So these abbreviations are a kind of reversal.

  Sometimes contractions are confusing. And to prevent this from happening, sometimes it’s better to look at the dictionary to fill out the documents correctly. If we look at the abbreviations given by the author, it will look like this:

  Mr: the most common meaning is male, male (no age restrictions). But, there are several more accepted abbreviations of this word:

  1) will be translated as a master

  2) if there is a dot in front, that is, like this .mr, then this will be a domain in Mauritania.

  So the correct understanding must be sought in the context.

  Dr: without gender, and sometimes without age, it means a scientific degree. Placed before the name. May occur with indication of sciences, for example Dr. rer. nat (natural sciences).

  Miss: Regardless of the age of an unmarried lady, sometimes you can see an older woman correcting herself from Mrs. to Miss;

  Ms: the most general abbreviation, which indicates the female gender, is used in cases where it is not known whether the lady is married and you do not want to offend her;

  Mrs: just the opposite, a woman of marital status, that is, married.

  Mr - mister, i.e. man

  Ms - woman without definition, married or not

  Miss - miss, means an unmarried woman

  Mrs - from the word Mistress, i.e. mistress, mistress, woman with family (married)

  Dr means doctor, i.e. have an academic degree. Well, they got used to it, apparently English scientists have achieved respect)))

  In English, it is customary to address people depending on gender and social status. Addresses to women: Miss - an unmarried woman; Mrs. (Mrs) - a married woman; miz (Ms) - a lady whose matrimonial status is unknown to the person applying. Men are addressed as Mister. The address doctor (Dr) does not depend on gender - if the person has scientific degree or medical practice, they will address him this way.

The English language has long had its own speech etiquette. As you probably already know, there is no difference between the pronouns “you” and “you”, therefore, when addressing your interlocutor, it is important to choose not only intonation, but also correct form; use the appropriate words and constructions correctly.

In a conversation, it is necessary to take into account the style of communication - for example, the official language requires strict adherence to all formulas of greeting and address, and a neutral style of communication (for example, with strangers, work colleagues, neighbors, etc.) may be simpler in expression.

With friends and relatives, a familiar style of communication can also be tolerated; in it, the forms of addressing the interlocutor will be completely different. Let's look at each style in more detail. Shall we?

How to address your interlocutor

We'll start with the safest option - ask how the recipient prefers to be addressed.

What should I call you?- What should I call you?
What should I call your sister / mother / the manager?- What should I call your sister/mother/manager?
Can I call you?- Can I call you [name]?
Is it okay if I call you?- Is it okay if I call you [friendly name]?
What's your name?- What is your name?

If you heard one of these questions addressed to you, then you can answer as follows:

Please call me.- Please call me [name].
You can call me.- You can call me [nickname or short name].

To attract the recipient's attention, use the following expressions:

Excuse me, Sir/Madam.- Excuse me, sir/madam.
"Pardon me, Sir/Madam."- I'm sorry, sir/madam.

We've sorted out the general points, now let's look at other forms of address.

To a woman

• Madam- a polite way of addressing a woman by a man. Women usually do not address each other this way, unless, of course, you are a maid or servant and want to address the mistress of the house. In this case, this appeal will be appropriate.
• Mrs(an abbreviation for the word “Missus”) is a form of polite address to a woman. After the word "Mrs" you need to give the woman's husband's last name. It is worth remembering that the words "Mr" and "Mrs" are not used without surnames in spoken English, as this will sound vulgar.
• Miss- a form of address to an unmarried woman or girl. After the word, be sure to give your first or last name. “Miss” - no first name, no last name - is a form of address to the teacher, and it has also become a commonly used form of address to service personnel.

To a man

• Sir- this form of address does not require naming the interlocutor’s first or last name after itself. This is how they address strangers, to men equal or older in age, social status or positions.
• Mr(an abbreviation for the word Mister) - after this word you need to say the first or last name of the interlocutor.
• Son! Sonny! Boy!- a form of address by older people to unfamiliar young people.
• Young man, youth- this is how older people address young men.

To a group of people

When speaking orally to several addressees, the most suitable form the appeal will be " Ladies and gentlemen n!” - “Ladies and Gentlemen!” In a less formal atmosphere you may hear expressions such as “ Dear friends!» - « Dear friends! or " Dear colleagues! - “Dear colleagues!”, “ Esteemed colleagues! - “Dear colleagues!”

If you suddenly have the honor of meeting someone from the royal family or a high-ranking person, then you should definitely know the correct form of address.

• Your Majesty- a form of address to the king or queen.
• Your Highness- to a prince or duke.
• Your Lordship- to a lord or judge of the Supreme Court.
• Your Honor- to the lower court judge.
• General/colonel/captain etc. - to a military man by rank: with or without last name.
• Officer, constable, inspector- to the policeman.
• Professor- with or without a surname, in the UK this is how a person with the title of professor is addressed. But in the United States, the address “Professor” is appropriate for any university teacher.

Speaking of informal communication, let's look at how you can approach friends and family members.

To friends

Of course, everyone knows the appeal “My dear friend!” - “My dear friend!” or “My friend” - “My friend!”, but not everyone knows that there are many synonyms for the word “friend”. For example:

In British English :

• Сhap: “Dear old chap, I’ve missed you!” - “Old man, I missed you!”
• Mate(also Australia, New Zealand): “Hey, mate, do you want to hit the pub?” - “Dude, would you like to visit the pub?”
• Pal(also popular in the US): “My most useful acting tip came from my pal John Wayne. Talk low, talk slow, and don't say too much." (c) Michael Caine - “The Most useful advice in acting was given to me by my friend John Wayne. Speak in a low voice, speak slowly and say little. (c) Michael Caine."
• Crony: “I'm going to the pub with me cronies.” - “I went to the pub with my mates.”
• Mucker(Ireland): “What about ye, mucker? Are you in or out? - “Well, buddy? Are you in?

In American English:

• Homie: “Time to go, homie.” - “It’s time to set sail, buddy.”
• Home slice: “You’re coming with us tonight, home slice? - Sure thing! - “Are you coming with us tonight, buddy? “The stump is clear!”
• Amigo: “Hey, amigo, long time no see!” - “Hey, amigo, how many years, how many winters!”
• Buddy: “I’m going to have some beer with my buddy tonight.” - “My friend and I are going to drink a couple of foam drinks this evening.”
• Bestie: “You and I - we are besties for life!” - “You and I - you and I best friends for life!”
• Dawg: "Waddup, dawg? “Nothing, jus’ chillin.” - “What-how, buddy? “Nothing, I’m resting.”
• Fella: “Good to see you, fella!” - “Glad to see you, guy!” Most often used in the meaning of “guy, person (male)”: “ Who are these fellas? -Who are these guys?
• Dude: “Dude, where’s my car?” - “Where’s my car, dude?”
• Girlfriend: “Hey, girlfriend!” - “Hello, queen!” This is how long-time close friends often address each other.

To family members and loved one

Affectionate addresses to loved ones are also very varied. In most cases, they are used regardless of gender. Here are some of them:

• Sweetheart- beloved, beloved.
• Dear/dearest- dear, dear / most dear, dear.
• Darling- dear, beloved; dear, beloved.
• Honey(abbreviated as " hon") - darling; darling/darling; Darling.
• Muffin- cupcake/bun/pie/favorite/dear.
• Sugar(Also sugarplum, sugar pie, sugar cake etc.) - sweet.
• Love- beloved / beloved / my love.
• Buttercup- buttercup
• Sunshine- Sun.
• Baby (babe, bae) - baby, baby.

To the guy

• Handsome- Handsome.
• Sweetie pie- darling, darling, lovely, sweetie, sunshine.
• Tiger- tiger (a person in whom it is easy to ignite passion).
• Hot stuff- sex bomb, hot thing.
• Cuddle Cat- weasel. (cuddles - hugs in a lying position)
• Prince Charming- a prince on a white horse, a handsome prince.
• Mr. Perfect (Mr. Amazing etc.) - Mr. Perfect.
• Honey bear(teddy bear) - bear cub.
• Captain- captain, commander.
• Lady-killer- Don Juan, womanizer, heartthrob.
• Marshmallow- marshmallow.
• Superman- superman.

To a girl

• Sweetie- Expensive.
• Baby doll (baby girl) - baby, doll.
• Gorgeous- beauty, beauty.
• Honey bun- bun.
• Biscuit- cookie.
• Cherry- cherry.
• Cupcake- beauty, cutie.
• Kitten- kitty.
• Precious- dear, lovely.
• Peanut- baby, baby.
• Pumpkin- my good, lovely, cutie.
• Sugar plum (sweet cheeks) - my sweet (the second phrase is said to emphasize the beauty of the girl’s figure, or rather her butt).
• Dumpling- short (to an attractive girl of short stature and a seductive figure).

Punctuation rules when addressing

In English, just like in Russian, addresses are separated by commas. This is taught in schools in both countries. But, in fact, all English people completely ignore the comma in address if the name is at the end of the phrase. And they honestly observe it if the phrase begins with an address. For example:

Alice, I think you"ve had enough!

I think you"ve had enough Alice!

Conclusion

Now you have a whole set in your arsenal for addressing English-speaking comrades. By the way, the word " comrade"(comrade) you will only find in communist/socialist parties, as well as in Soviet textbooks in English. In other cases, “comrad Ivanov” is not used. Be well-mannered and friendly in your communication, and the necessary forms of address will serve you well. Absorb English and be polite!

Big and friendly EnglishDom family

It was impossible in social network or on someone's personal page. Men could only guess whether the girl was married or not, or maybe they could only ask directly. IN different countries unmarried girls differed from their counterparts in their outfits, and in particular their hats. In Western European countries, girls did not differ from each other in any way, so the only way to find out whether she was Miss or Mrs. was to ask her herself.

Differences

Let's try to figure it out. What is the difference between Miss and Mrs? And the fact that the address “Miss” plus the girl’s name indicated that the girl was not married. Sometimes, when meeting, the ladies introduced themselves, thereby showing their unmarried status. Unlike “Mrs,” this was used exclusively to address married ladies. This was customary and considered very polite. In Russia this was not the case; the female gender was addressed as “young lady,” but it was unclear, because it could refer to a married maiden or not.

When in a foreign country, your attitude towards strangers is very important. The main thing here is to choose the right politeness formula, of course, if you want to get answers to your questions and not offend the person. And so as not to be showered with sidelong glances, try to remember how to correctly address the delicate English female sex, Miss or Mrs. By the way, in England it became an exception that teachers and lecturers were called only “Miss”. This situation was adopted only in order to preserve traditions, since previously only unmarried girls.

Miss or Mrs.

Etiquette required adherence to clear rules for addressing women. "Miss" and "Mrs" are expressions of respect for a lady. As a rule, the address “Mrs.” was used in combination with the woman’s name and the surname of her husband. According to some scientists who study English language, such a division of concepts occurred only in the seventeenth century.

When a woman becomes a widow or divorces her husband, she retains the right to be called Mrs. and bear only her husband's surname. But today these rules have become softer. And a divorced woman can take her maiden name but remain Mrs.

Lady

Well, now we have dealt with “Mrs” and “Miss”. “Lady” is also a kind of address. But it is applied to women who have a title and a high position in society, and also have elegant look. This address is also used in combination with the lady’s name. The lady always behaves tactfully, correctly, she is not too talkative. Will never insult or humiliate the dignity of another person. Lady drives men crazy without special effort, and when she refuses courtship, the gentlemen remain her slaves forever. This address corresponds to the titles of men "sir", "lord" and "gentleman".

Conclusion

This means that the addresses “Miss” and “Mrs.” are an expression of feelings of respect for the fair sex. Because a woman remains beautiful and attractive to men, regardless of whether she is married or not.

Now you know how to address this or that girl. You can use either Miss or Mrs, depending on her status.

MRS, or MISTRESS is the same as the French “madame” when addressing a married English woman, i.e. mistress, madam. Complete dictionary foreign words, which have come into use in the Russian language. Popov M., 1907. Mrs. (English mistress) in English-speaking ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

MRS.- MRS., uncl., female. (English mistress, pronounced Mrs.). The name of an untitled married woman and the form of address to her in England and America; same as mistress Tsarist Russia. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Mrs.- madam, appeal Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Mrs. noun, number of synonyms: 3 Mrs. (27) Mrs. ... Dictionary of synonyms

MRS.- MRS., uncl., female. In English-speaking countries: a polite way of addressing a married woman (usually before her first or last name). Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Mrs.- Mrs. - [A.S. Goldberg. English-Russian energy dictionary. 2006] Topics energy in general Synonyms Mrs. EN MistressMrs ... Technical Translator's Guide

Mrs.- noun, f., used often In English-speaking countries, the word Mrs. is a form of polite address for a married woman, which is used before the first or last name. Mrs Higgins. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Dmitriev. D. V. Dmitriev. 2003 ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

Mrs.- uncl., w. In England and America: an address to or polite reference to a married woman, usually used before the surname. Mrs Stewart. Etymology: From English missis ‘Mrs.’, ‘Mrs.’ (← mistress ‘Mistress’, ‘Mistress’) ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language

Mrs.- (English), 1) in English-speaking countries, a polite address to a married woman; 2) wife, mistress. (Source: Dictionary of Sexual Terms) ... Sexological encyclopedia

Mrs.- several and.; = Mrs. Used as an address or form of polite reference to a married woman in English-speaking countries, usually attached to the surname or given name. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language Efremova

Mrs.- m issis, uncl., w... Russian spelling dictionary

Mrs.- uncl., w... Spelling dictionary Russian language

Books

• Mrs. Poe, Cullen Lynn. A piquant love story in a gothic setting. The great American writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe, his young wife Virginia and poetess Frances Osgood - love triangle, born... Buy for 303 RUR
• Mrs. Poe, Cullen L.. A piquant love story in a gothic setting. The great American writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe, his young wife Virginia and poetess Frances Osgood are a love triangle born…

English words are increasingly used by Russian speakers. Often we also have to communicate with foreigners. And here the question arises about what is the most appropriate name for a particular woman. After all, in English-speaking countries there are two options: “Miss” and “Mrs.” There really is a difference between these calls, let's try to understand it in detail.

A little history

In English-speaking countries, married ladies were previously addressed as mistress ("mistress") - literally translated as "housewife", "owner of the house." In this case, the husband’s surname and name were initially added to the address. A little later, women were allowed to add their initials after the word “Mister” in official documents. The husband's surname was retained. Later, around the 17th century, the familiar “Miss” and “Mrs.” came into use today. The difference between them was that the first appeal was intended for unmarried girls, and the second for married women. They are still used today, and many representatives of the fair sex are proud of their social status and can be seriously offended by an accidental mistake during a conversation. It turns out that the difference between Miss and Mrs. is whether the woman has a spouse. Accordingly, a “girl” can also be a lady of advanced age, provided that she has not married or is divorced.

Exceptions to the rule

The title “Miss” can only be used with a maiden name. Let's assume that if a woman is divorced, she decides how she will introduce herself and sign official documents. There are two options: or “Mrs.” with a surname ex-husband, or "miss" with a girl. In the event of the death of a spouse, the widow should be treated in the same way as during her marriage. Interesting fact: to teachers in educational institutions should always be addressed as "Miss", regardless of their social status. These standard words can be avoided if the woman has a special title, such as “lady” or “doctor”. In this case, "Miss" and "Mrs." are inappropriate. The difference between family status pales in comparison to professional definition or high title.

Who is Ms.

In the middle of the 20th century, a neutral address for women, “miz,” appeared in America, which did not allow one to determine their marital status. It is believed that it was invented by feminists in the fight for gender equality. Today it is officially used to refer to secretaries and some other office workers. In a business environment, the words "Miss" and "Mrs." are rarely used. The difference between these concepts can be important for the woman herself, and then she uses the correct respectful address to herself when introducing herself when meeting. But today, more and more often, you can meet representatives of the fair sex who quite like the universal “miz”.