A power source is needed to power household appliances and industrial equipment. There are several ways to generate electricity. But the most promising and cost-effective, today, is the generation of current by electric machines. The easiest to manufacture, cheap and reliable in operation turned out to be an asynchronous generator that generates the lion's share of the electricity we consume.

The use of electric machines of this type is dictated by their advantages. Asynchronous power generators, unlike, provide:

• a higher degree of reliability;
• long service life;
• profitability;
• minimum maintenance costs.

These and other properties of asynchronous generators are inherent in their design.

Device and principle of operation

The main working parts of an asynchronous generator are the rotor (moving part) and the stator (stationary). In Figure 1, the rotor is on the right and the stator is on the left. Pay attention to the rotor device. It does not show windings of copper wire. In fact, windings exist, but they consist of aluminum rods short-circuited into rings located on both sides. In the photo, the rods are visible in the form of oblique lines.

The design of short-circuited windings forms the so-called "squirrel cage". The space inside this cage is filled with steel plates. To be precise, aluminum rods are pressed into grooves made in the rotor core.

Rice. 1. Rotor and stator of an asynchronous generator

The asynchronous machine, the device of which is described above, is called a squirrel-cage generator. Anyone who is familiar with the design of an asynchronous electric motor must have noticed the similarity in the structure of these two machines. In fact, they are no different, since the induction generator and the squirrel-cage motor are almost identical, with the exception of additional excitation capacitors used in generator mode.

The rotor is located on a shaft, which sits on bearings clamped on both sides by covers. The whole structure is protected by a metal case. Generators of medium and high power require cooling, so a fan is additionally installed on the shaft, and the case itself is made ribbed (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Asynchronous generator assembly

Operating principle

By definition, a generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical current. It does not matter what energy is used to rotate the rotor: wind, potential energy of water or internal energy converted by a turbine or internal combustion engine into mechanical energy.

As a result of the rotation of the rotor, the magnetic lines of force formed by the residual magnetization of the steel plates cross the stator windings. EMF is formed in the coils, which, when active loads are connected, leads to the formation of current in their circuits.

At the same time, it is important that the synchronous speed of rotation of the shaft slightly (by about 2 - 10%) exceeds the synchronous frequency of the alternating current (set by the number of stator poles). In other words, it is necessary to ensure the asynchrony (mismatch) of the rotational speed by the amount of rotor slip.

It should be noted that the current thus obtained will be small. To increase the output power, it is necessary to increase the magnetic induction. They achieve an increase in the efficiency of the device by connecting capacitors to the terminals of the stator coils.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of a welding asynchronous alternator with capacitor excitation (left side of the diagram). Please note that the excitation capacitors are connected in delta. The right side of the figure is the actual diagram of the inverter welding machine itself.

Rice. 3. Scheme of welding asynchronous generator

There are other, more complex excitation schemes, for example, using inductors and a capacitor bank. An example of such a circuit is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Diagram of a device with inductors

Difference from synchronous generator

The main difference between a synchronous alternator and an asynchronous generator is in the design of the rotor. In a synchronous machine, the rotor consists of wire windings. To create magnetic induction, an autonomous power source is used (often an additional low-power DC generator located on the same axis as the rotor).

The advantage of a synchronous generator is that it generates a higher quality current and is easily synchronized with other alternators of this type. However, synchronous alternators are more sensitive to overloads and short circuits. They are more expensive than their asynchronous counterparts and more demanding to maintain - you need to monitor the condition of the brushes.

The harmonic distortion or clear factor of induction generators is lower than that of synchronous alternators. That is, they generate almost clean electricity. On such currents they work more stable:

• adjustable chargers;
• modern television receivers.

Asynchronous generators provide reliable start of electric motors that require high starting currents. According to this indicator, they are, in fact, not inferior to synchronous machines. They have less reactive loads, which has a positive effect on the thermal regime, since less energy is spent on reactive power. The asynchronous alternator has better output frequency stability at different rotor speeds.

Classification

Squirrel-cage generators are most widely used due to the simplicity of their design. However, there are other types of asynchronous machines: alternators with a phase rotor and devices using permanent magnets that form an excitation circuit.

In Figure 5, for comparison, two types of generators are shown: on the left, on the base, and on the right, an asynchronous machine based on IM with a phase rotor. Even a cursory glance at the schematic images shows the complicated design of the phase rotor. Attention is drawn to the presence of slip rings (4) and the brush holder mechanism (5). The number 3 indicates the grooves for the wire winding, to which it is necessary to apply current to excite it.

Rice. 5. Types of asynchronous generators

The presence of excitation windings in the rotor of an asynchronous generator improves the quality of the generated electric current, but at the same time such advantages as simplicity and reliability are lost. Therefore, such devices are used as an autonomous power source only in those areas where it is difficult to do without them. Permanent magnets in rotors are used mainly for the production of low-power generators.

Application area

The most common use of generator sets with a squirrel-cage rotor. They are inexpensive and require virtually no maintenance. Devices equipped with starting capacitors have decent efficiency indicators.

Asynchronous alternators are often used as an independent or backup power source. They work with them, they are used for powerful mobile and.

Alternators with a three-phase winding confidently start a three-phase electric motor, therefore they are often used in industrial power plants. They can also power equipment in single-phase networks. The two-phase mode allows you to save ICE fuel, since the unused windings are in idle mode.

The scope of application is quite extensive:

• transport industry;
• Agriculture;
• domestic sphere;
• medical institutions;

Asynchronous alternators are convenient for the construction of local wind and hydraulic power plants.

DIY asynchronous generator

Let's make a reservation right away: we are not talking about making a generator from scratch, but about converting an asynchronous motor into an alternator. Some craftsmen use a ready-made stator from a motor and experiment with a rotor. The idea is to use neodymium magnets to make the rotor poles. A blank with glued magnets may look something like this (see Fig. 6):

Rice. 6. Blank with glued magnets

You stick magnets on a specially machined workpiece, planted on the motor shaft, observing their polarity and shift angle. This will require at least 128 magnets.

The finished structure must be adjusted to the stator and at the same time ensure a minimum gap between the teeth and the magnetic poles of the manufactured rotor. Since the magnets are flat, they will have to be ground or turned, while constantly cooling the structure, since neodymium loses its magnetic properties at high temperatures. If you do everything right, the generator will work.

The problem is that in artisanal conditions it is very difficult to make an ideal rotor. But if you have a lathe and are willing to spend a few weeks tweaking and tweaking, you can experiment.

I propose a more practical option - turning an induction motor into a generator (see the video below). To do this, you need an electric motor with suitable power and an acceptable rotor speed. Engine power must be at least 50% higher than the required alternator power. If such an electric motor is at your disposal, proceed to processing. Otherwise, it is better to buy a ready-made generator.

For processing, you will need 3 capacitors of the brand KBG-MN, MBGO, MBGT (you can take other brands, but not electrolytic). Select capacitors for a voltage of at least 600 V (for a three-phase motor). The reactive power of the generator Q is related to the capacitance of the capacitor by the following relationship: Q = 0.314·U 2 ·C·10 -6 .

With an increase in load, reactive power increases, which means that in order to maintain a stable voltage U, it is necessary to increase the capacitance of the capacitors by adding new capacitances by switching.

Video: making an asynchronous generator from a single-phase motor - Part 1

Part 2

In practice, the average value is usually chosen, assuming that the load will not be maximum.

Having selected the parameters of the capacitors, connect them to the terminals of the stator windings as shown in the diagram (Fig. 7). The generator is ready.

Rice. 7. Capacitor connection diagram

Asynchronous generator does not require special care. Its maintenance consists in monitoring the condition of the bearings. At nominal modes, the device is able to work for years without operator intervention.

The weak link is the capacitors. They can fail, especially when their ratings are incorrectly selected.

The generator heats up during operation. If you often connect high loads, monitor the temperature of the device or take care of additional cooling.

The majority of people are convinced that energy for existence can only be obtained from gas, coal or oil. The atom is quite dangerous, the construction of hydroelectric power plants is a very laborious and costly process. Scientists around the world say that natural fuel reserves may soon run out. What to do, where is the way out? Are humanity's days numbered?

Everything from nothing

Research on the types of "green energy" has recently been conducted more and more intensively, as this is the way to the future. Our planet initially has everything for the life of mankind. You just need to be able to take it and use it for good. Many scientists and just amateurs create such devices? as a generator of free energy. With their own hands, following the laws of physics and their own logic, they do what will benefit all of humanity.

So what are the phenomena? Here are a few of them:

• static or radiant natural electricity;
• use of permanent and neodymium magnets;
• receiving heat from mechanical heaters;
• transformation of earth energy and;
• implosion vortex engines;
• thermal solar pumps.

Each of these technologies uses a minimal initial impulse to release more energy.

Free energy with your own hands? To do this, you need to have a strong desire to change your life, a lot of patience, diligence, a little knowledge and, of course, the necessary tools and components.

Water instead of gasoline? What nonsense!

An engine running on alcohol will probably find more understanding than the idea of ​​decomposing water into oxygen and hydrogen molecules. After all, even in school textbooks it is said that this is a completely unprofitable way of obtaining energy. However, there are already installations for the extraction of hydrogen by ultra-efficient electrolysis. Moreover, the cost of the resulting gas is equal to the cost of cubic meters of water used in this process. Equally important, the cost of electricity is also minimal.

Most likely, in the near future, along with electric vehicles, cars powered by hydrogen fuel will drive around the world's roads. An ultra-efficient electrolysis plant is not exactly a free energy generator. It is quite difficult to assemble it with your own hands. However, the method of continuous production of hydrogen using this technology can be combined with methods for obtaining green energy, which will increase the overall efficiency of the process.

One of the undeservedly forgotten

Devices such as completely maintenance-free. They are absolutely silent and do not pollute the atmosphere. One of the most famous developments in the field of eco-technologies is the principle of obtaining current from the ether according to the theory of N. Tesla. A device consisting of two resonantly tuned transformer coils is a grounded oscillatory circuit. Initially, Tesla made a free energy generator with his own hands in order to transmit a radio signal over long distances.

If we consider the surface layers of the Earth as a huge capacitor, then we can imagine them as a single conductive plate. The second element in this system is the ionosphere (atmosphere) of the planet, saturated with cosmic rays (the so-called ether). Through both of these "plates" are constantly flowing electric charges of different poles. To "collect" currents from near space, you need to make a free energy generator with your own hands. 2013 was one of the most productive years in this area. Everyone wants free electricity.

How to make a free energy generator with your own hands

The scheme of a single-phase resonant device N. Tesla consists of the following blocks:

1. Two conventional 12 V batteries.
2. with electrolytic capacitors.
3. Generator that sets the standard frequency of the current (50 Hz).
4. Current amplifier block directed to the output transformer.
5. Converter of low-voltage (12 V) voltage to high-voltage (up to 3000 V).
6. A conventional transformer with a winding ratio of 1:100.
7. Voltage step-up transformer with high-voltage winding and tape core, power up to 30 W.
8. Main transformer without core, with double winding.
9. A step-down transformer.
10. Ferrite rod for system grounding.

All units of the installation are connected according to the laws of physics. The system is set up experimentally.

Is it all true?

It may seem that this is absurd, because another year when they tried to create a free energy generator with their own hands is 2014. The circuit described above simply uses battery power, according to many experimenters. To this the following may be objected. Energy enters the closed circuit of the system from the electric field of the output coils, which receive it from a high-voltage transformer due to the mutual arrangement. And the charge of the battery creates and maintains the strength of the electric field. All other energy comes from the environment.

Fuel-free device for receiving free electricity

It is known that the occurrence of a magnetic field in any engine is facilitated by ordinary ones made of copper or aluminum wire. To compensate for the inevitable losses due to the resistance of these materials, the engine must run continuously, using part of the generated energy to maintain its own field. This significantly reduces the efficiency of the device.

In a transformer powered by neodymium magnets, there are no self-induction coils, and, accordingly, there are no losses associated with resistance. When using a constant, they are generated by a rotor rotating in this field.

How to make a small DIY free energy generator

The schema used is:

• take a cooler (fan) from the computer;
• remove 4 transformer coils from it;
• replace with small neodymium magnets;
• orient them in the original directions of the coils;
• by changing the position of the magnets, you can control the speed of rotation of the motor, which works completely without electricity.

This almost retains its performance until one of the magnets is removed from the circuit. By attaching a light bulb to the device, you can illuminate the room for free. If you take a more powerful engine and magnets, you can power not only a light bulb, but also other household electrical appliances from the system.

On the principle of operation of Tariel Kapanadze's installation

This famous do-it-yourself free energy generator (25kW, 100kW) is assembled according to the principle described by Nikolo Tesla back in the last century. This resonant system is capable of producing a voltage many times greater than the initial impulse. It is important to understand that this is not a "perpetual motion machine", but a machine for generating electricity from freely available natural sources.

To obtain a current of 50 Hz, 2 square-wave generators and power diodes are used. For grounding, a ferrite rod is used, which, in fact, closes the Earth's surface to the charge of the atmosphere (ether, according to N. Tesla). Coaxial cable is used to supply a powerful output voltage to the load.

In simple words, a do-it-yourself free energy generator (2014, scheme by T. Kapanadze) receives only an initial impulse from a 12 V source. The device is capable of constantly supplying standard electrical appliances, heaters, lighting, and so on with normal voltage current.

The assembled do-it-yourself self-powered free energy generator is designed to complete the circuit. Some craftsmen use this method to recharge the battery, which gives the initial impulse to the system. For your own safety, it is important to consider the fact that the output voltage of the system is high. If you forget about caution, you can get a severe electric shock. Since a 25kW do-it-yourself free energy generator can bring both benefits and dangers.

Who needs all this?

Almost anyone who is familiar with the basics of the laws of physics from the school curriculum can make a free energy generator with their own hands. The power supply of your own home can be completely transferred to the ecological and affordable energy of the ether. With the use of such technologies, transportation and production costs will be reduced. The atmosphere of our planet will become cleaner, the process of the "greenhouse effect" will stop.

An electric generator is a device designed to generate electricity for a specific purpose. A home-made apparatus is capable of performing the function of a source only under certain conditions. It is unlikely that it will be possible to assemble it completely "from scratch" at home. The only way to make an electric generator with your own hands is to use other mechanisms that work on the same principle for these purposes. An old engine from a walk-behind tractor or a wind turbine is most suitable. Assembly work will require a lot of effort and money, as well as some experience. If there is no complete confidence in luck, it is best to purchase an expensive, but effectively working branded product.

Device and principle of operation

DC generator

Before you make an electric generator with your own hands at home, you will need to familiarize yourself with its design and figure out how it works. The basis of such a device is a multi-section winding located on a fixed stator. A movable anchor (rotor) is placed inside, in the design of which a permanent magnet is provided. This part of the generator is connected by means of a special drive mechanism to a propeller driven by a windmill or a gasoline engine. It is allowed to use alternative energy resources as a drive (water or heat generated during the combustion of firewood, for example).

Operating procedure:

• when the rotor rotates, its magnetic lines cross the e / m field of the stator coils;
• due to this, according to Faraday's law of induction, an EMF of the appropriate magnitude is induced in them;
• a load is connected to the stator coils, the alternating current in which varies along a sinusoid.

Depending on the number of stator windings and the switching circuit, you can get a single-phase 220 Volt or three-phase (380 Volt) home-made generator.

This principle of operation applies to all models of electrical machines without exception (regardless of the type of drive).

An efficiently operating electric current generator, made with your own hands from auxiliary parts, is able to solve a number of everyday problems. Homemade products are traditionally used to generate enough electrical energy to power a home's electrical grid. In addition, not very powerful welding equipment or a water pump for watering beds in the country can work from the unit. The product made in the form of a wind generator is allowed to be used in the country and on a hike.

Do-it-yourself generator assembly

Instructions for assembling current generators with your own hands involves the implementation of work in several stages. They begin with the preparatory stage, at which it is necessary to stock up on the initial blanks and the required material.

Preparatory stage

Motoblock engine Mole

For assembly you will need:

• An old electric motor from a walk-behind tractor or a windmill with a working stator winding. Also popular are options for using engines from an old washing machine or water pump.
• To equalize the output current, it is desirable to manufacture a rectifier (converter) in advance.
• To facilitate the launch of the future device and self-excitation of its 220 Volt windings, a high-voltage (at least 400-500 Volt) capacitor with a capacity of 3-7 microfarads will be required. Its exact value is selected depending on the planned power of the generator.

For assembly, you will need long pieces of wire in reliable insulation, adhesive protective tape and mounting tools (side cutters, pliers and a set of screwdrivers). You should also stock up on a powerful soldering iron, which is necessary to restore contacts in the broken windings of the old engine.

You should take care in advance about grounding the case of the future product, which generates a voltage that is dangerous to humans.

Upon completion of the preparation, they proceed to the assembly, the order of which depends on the selected initial sample.

Windmill - the simplest option

Do-it-yourself wind generator diagram

The easiest way to perform is to manufacture a wind generator assembled from improvised parts and ready-made modules. Very simple electrical loads can work from it, the power of which does not exceed 100 watts (a light bulb, for example). For its manufacture you will need:

• (it will work as a generator).
• The bottom bracket and main sprocket are from an adult bike.
• Roller chain from an old motorcycle.
• Bicycle frame.

A good craftsman will surely find all these improvised blanks in the garage; an electric generator is easily assembled from them with his own hands.

To familiarize yourself with this procedure, it is advisable to watch a video that details the procedure for manufacturing a windmill.

An asterisk is installed on the shaft of such an electric motor, which is driven by means of a roller chain from home-made wind blades mounted on a bicycle frame. With their help, the forward motion of the wind is converted into rotational moment. This design is capable of generating a current in the load up to 6 amperes at a voltage of 14 volts.

Power plant based on a generator from a walk-behind tractor

The structure of the generator from the walk-behind tractor

A more complex version involves the use of an old walk-behind tractor used as a drive. The function of the generator in this system is performed by an asynchronous motor with a speed of up to 1600 rpm and an effective power of up to 15 kW. During the assembly process, its drive mechanism is connected to the axis of the walk-behind tractor by means of pulleys and a belt. The diameter of the pulleys is chosen so that the rotational speed of the electric motor converted into a generator is 15% higher than the passport value.

Advantages and disadvantages

Unlike factory homemade home-made gasoline generators, they usually have large dimensions and weight.

The advantages of a hand-assembled product include:

• The ability not to depend on interruptions in the operation of supply substations, receiving the necessary minimum of electricity on their own.
• The homemade generator is configured for operating parameters that correspond to specific user requests.
• Its manufacture instead of a purchased product will save significant amounts (especially in the situation with 380 volt asynchronous machines).

The disadvantage of self-manufacturing is the possible difficulties with assembling a specific type of product and the need to spend money on energy carriers (fuel, for example).

Before you make a household electricity generator, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for its operation. Their essence is as follows:

1. Before starting the device, all loads are turned off so that it runs idle.
2. The presence of oil in the working compartment of the generator is checked - its level must be above the set mark;
3. The device remains on for about 5 minutes, after which it is allowed to connect the load.

In accordance with the rules for the operation and maintenance of such generators, the most suitable mode of operation is considered to be the use of its power at 70% of the limit value. Subject to this requirement, the equipment will not overheat and will easily cope with the calculated load.

In this article, you will learn how to make a 220 V generator with your own hands using a 2-stroke engine. This generator can be used for various purposes, at home for lighting and connecting small loads, in nature, for lighting a tent or find other applications. It does not have large dimensions, and the parts used are not very scarce.

We collect the necessary components, tools

This unit consists of the following parts:

Of the tools we need:

• Drill or screwdriver + drills and a cross nozzle for self-tapping screws;
• Circular saw or jigsaw (for lovers of manual labor, a hacksaw is suitable);
• Voltmeter;
• Screwdrivers, pliers, paint knife or scissors;
• Angle, tape measure.

The principle of operation of the dynamo generator

The basis of our generator is a DC motor, which is able to operate in the generator mode by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. The rotation of the armature in the magnetic field of the primary winding of the DC motor provides the motor from the scythe. When rotating in a DC motor in the generator mode, an alternating EMF is formed, which is converted into a constant voltage through the brush collector.

Let's start assembling the unit

Stage one: we fix the engine from the lawn mower

To begin with, we take a piece of the board and cut it preliminarily to the size of our frame. It is advisable to take heavy material so that our equipment has a solid and reliable foundation.

We mark the position of the engine from the lawn mower. Using a paper template, we mark the holes exactly, drilling them with a drill or screwdriver.

We try on both engines on the bed. We disconnect the fuel tank, and we fix the engine from the lawn mower to the seats.

Stage two: we fix the DC motor

We mark the position of the engine. The distance from both motor shafts must be a few centimeters to avoid friction between them.

We center the shafts of our engines. The divergence in the centers is easiest to correct with some kind of spacers, or simply correct the seat on the wooden frame. You can do this with an ordinary chisel. The less backlash between the shafts, the less vibration from the unit and the wear of the moving part.

We mark the pipes. Most often, motor shafts differ in size diameters. This is also fixable if PVC hoses of different diameters are used as connecting pipes. Their flexibility will help to smooth out the smallest inaccuracy in the alignment of the shafts. In our case, the author used two hoses of different diameters, inserting one into the other.

Having cut off the pipes of the length we need, we put three clamps on both sides, pressing them with a screwdriver.

We fix the DC motor on the self-tapping screws, having previously laid them with washers. We connect the shafts by hand and tighten the clamps with a screwdriver.

Now you can fix the fuel tank. It is not difficult to cope with this task using a long self-tapping screw and a cropped cap from a dowel-nail. Don't forget to connect the fuel lines.

Having started the fuel engine with a starter, we measure the voltage at the output with a voltmeter. With a screwdriver, we adjust the fuel supply, and the number of revolutions, on which the voltage depends. Focusing on the rating of the inverter, we set the output voltage with a small margin.

Stage three: connect the inverter

We fix the previously stripped ends of the cables from the DC motor to the inverter terminals. The power indicator will immediately show the activity of the device.

With a simple control (a light bulb with a piece of cable and a plug at the end), we check the operation of our miracle generator.

To connect the electric motor to the inverter, use the terminals.

Step Four: Engine Stop Button

Since we have a driving motor that creates mechanical rotation, it needs a switch. The off button comes with the device, so it only needs to find a convenient place.

Stage five: we make a casing-frame

We make a protective frame from polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 25-32mm, making holes in the frame with a pen drill.

At the corners we connect it with polypropylene fittings.

If there is no plumbing welding machine, the structure can be connected to a specialized glue for PP pipes.

This frame will also help in carrying the device.

Well, to eliminate noise from the vibration of our device, you can fix 4 thrust bearings on the back side of the bed, making them, as shown in the photo, from segments of an old bicycle camera.

Step Six: Starter Battery

In order not to pull the starter of the fuel engine once again, the author of the video used a lithium polymer battery (LiPo) to briefly start the DC motor. This comparative new device can indeed be powerful, and can withstand a large number of duty cycles with minimal loss of capacitive power. Thus, the fuel engine is started electrically, while its starter remains as a backup option.

We connect the outgoing contacts of the battery to the inverter terminals through the starting toggle switch, tying the loop of wires with nylon ties. The charging socket can be pulled out on the side for convenient connection for charging.

We also fix the fuel engine shutdown button

Stage seven: test run of the unit

After checking all contact groups and fasteners of prefabricated elements, we start the unit. Engine start and stop buttons must work flawlessly. It is worth noting that the starter battery is used for only a few seconds and then turns off.

For continuous and safe operation of the DC motor and inverter, no special conditions are required, except perhaps protection from moisture and power surges.

As for the lithium-polymer battery, it is unacceptable to deeply discharge it (less than 3.3 V) and in no case allow it to overheat above 60 degrees Celsius. Charging of such devices is also carried out by specialized devices that do not allow overcharging, and before using it in the cold, be sure to warm it up at room temperature.

Fuel engines also need to follow the rules of operation: the correct selection of a combustible mixture, cleaning of air and fuel filters, preventing engine overheating, etc. In a closed room, the exhaust gases from such an engine must be ventilated.

And the rest, such equipment, assembled by oneself, can last for a long time, supplying precious electricity in the country, fishing or just relaxing outside the city!