>>Russian language: Accent. Stressed and unstressed vowel sounds

Emphasis. Stressed and unstressed vowel sounds.

Accent

Start of the lesson

48. Tell us who is shown in the pictures.

Say the first word, name all the vowel sounds. Listen to see if they are pronounced with equal force. Which vowel sound needs to be pronounced with more force to make the word sound correct?

Do the same work with words - the names of other birds depicted on drawings .

In each word, one vowel sound is pronounced more strongly than the others. This is a stressed vowel sound.
The remaining vowel sounds in the word are unstressed.

49. Look at the pictures.

First name all the fruits depicted, then the vegetables. In each word-name, highlight the stressed vowel sound with your voice.

Write down the words first - the names of fruits, then vegetables. Add an accent mark.

Peas, lemons, cucumbers, apricots, radishes, apples

50. Write down the names of the days of the week in order. Add an accent mark.

Monday, ... .

Wednesday, Saturday, Thursday, Sunday, Friday, Tuesday

51. Name the objects depicted.

Highlight all the sounds in these words.

Are they the same? Name the stressed vowel sound in each spoken word. What does the meaning of these words depend on?

60. Read the poem.

It's time to sleep! The bull fell asleep
He lay down on his side in the box.
The sleepy bear went to bed,
Only the elephant doesn't want to sleep.
(A. Barto)

Which words do not have an accent mark? Why?
Copy the part of the poem that says bear and elephant.

In one difficult words There is no accent mark.

61*. Make sentences from these words.

in, sister, brother, school, leads
Lyosha, gave milk to the little deer
in the evening, the hedgehog came to the barn again
ourselves, class, always, we, our, clean

Write down the sentences.

Explain which words should not have an accent mark.

Start of the lesson

62. Read the sentences so that you get a story.

The owner handed him over to the zoo.
At night he woke up and started a cheerful fuss.
He brought the little fox home.
By autumn the fox cub became big.
It was a nimble and restless animal.
A hunter found a little fox cub in the forest.
How can you title the resulting story?
Write down the title.
Answer the following questions in writing:
Who did the hunter find in the forest? Where did he bring the fox cub?
What kind of animal was it? How did he behave at night?
When writing down your answers, put the accent mark where necessary.

63. Write down first one-syllable, then two-syllable, and then three-syllable words. Place an accent mark where necessary.

country factories bridge herringbone fishermen
brother lawn Katya cranes trumpet

Explain when you don't need to use an accent mark.

furniture duty guys child
student schoolboy classes pencils
sparrow crow bear hare

Write down the words in this order: with a stressed vowel sound in the first syllable, in the second, in the third, in fourth. Name the unwritten words.

Zelenina L.M., Khokhlova T.E., Russian language, 2nd grade
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In other unstressed layers ha x after soft hissing in place A, according to norms m am of Russian orthoepy, pronounced unstressed z woo to, reminiscent of [and], but significantly OS Labeled (indicated by [ь]): watchmaker - [whose] owler, enchanter neither tsa - [whose] rovnitsa, chanovoy - [whose] new, parts s y - [ch]stick, Chartoriysk - [ch]rtoriisk, Chakalarovo - [ch] ka Larovo, Charodinsky district - [ch]ro Di district.

In rare foreign countries strange words on the spot A after [h] save nya there is [a]: teariker - [tea]riker, chaturanga - [cha]turanga, h ah khan - [chay]khana, Changyrtash - [cha]ngyrtash, Cham n eriko-[cha]periko, Chattopadhyaya - [cha]ttopadhyaya.

Orthoepy. Unstressed - e, i, e, and

In place of sounds e And I after soft which consonants in the first pre-stressed syllable are pronounced without shock [ie]: spring - [in "ie]sleep, carry - [n"ee ]sti, cedar forest - [k"ie] woodwood forest, Beshtau-[b"i uh ]shtau, Venice - [vie] netia, Regina - [r "ie] gina, rowan - [r"ee ]bina, frog - [l"ie]gushka, dance - p[l"ie] With at, Vyazovka - [v"ie]zovka, Myaskovsky - [m"ie]s co Vsky. Pronunciation on the spot e And I distinct vowel [i] - [v"i]sna, [r"i]bina, [b"i]shtau, [m"i]skovsky - is not a letter atur nom.

In less common words ah maybe pronunciation. nonreduction rowa data vowels: alegretto - a[l"e]gretto, bestseller - [b"e]stseller, l yeah then - [l"e]gato, Renklod - [r"e]nklod, Cape Town - [k"e]iptown, Medea - [m"e]dea, Nero - [n"e]ron, Vespucci - [v" e]spucci; gyaur - [g"a]ur, kariz - [k"a]riz, Nya asshole in - [n"a]zhlov, Shyashupe - [sh"a]shupe, Lyashko - [l"a]shko.

At the beginning the words are in place e And I in the first in the pre-stressed syllable, an unstressed [ie] is pronounced in combination with the preceding [th]: riding - [yie]zda, Elabuga - [yie]labuga, jarl s k-[yie]rlyk, Japan - [yie]poniya, and also in the middle of a word after a vowel: trains - po[ yee ]zda, to hurt - to [yee] to call. The pronunciation [ya]rlyk, [ya]poniya is incorrect.

In the rest we are pre-struck x syllables, as well as in stressed syllables in place e And I By sl e soft consonants are pronounced unstressed [ъ]: led IR an - [v"b]lykan, generator - [g"b]nerator, ice od ny - [l'y] profitable, laborist - [l'y] borist sk y, endure - vy[n'b]sti, field - po[l'b], Peter op Avlovsk - [p"b]tropavlovsk, Gelendzhik - [g"b]lendzhik, Venezuela - [v"ьн] Suela, Mesopotamia - [m"b]sopotamia, B er stovsky - [v'b]rstovsky, Mendeleev - [m'b]ndeleev, Nest er ov - nes[t"b]rov, Vrubel - vru[b"l"]; piglet [p]tachok, frog - [l"b]gushachiy, Vyazovaya - [v"b]zovaya, Pyatigorsk - [p]t Ig Orsk.

In non-Russian zai ms written words in place of letters e And I after soft consonants va no pronunciations are saved re duced vowels: becquerel - [b" e] Kkerel, Berkeleyanism - [b"e]rkleianism, bersa l er - [b"e]rsalier, Weismanism - [v"ey]man And zm, genocide - [g"e]nocide, cenotaph - [k"e]notaf, Besançon - [b"e]z a nso n, Benvenuto - [b"e]nvenuto, Lekuv re r - [l "e]ku vr er; giardiasis - [l"a]mbliosis, kamancha - [k"a]mancha, ryasophora - [r"a]With orophoric, shamisen - [s "a] misen, Ganj ah ay - [g"a]njachay, Lyalmikar - [l"a]lmikar, Shyash uv is - [sh"a]shuvis, Lyatoshinsky - [l"a]tosh ins cue, Byalynitsky-Birulya - [b "a] Lynitsky-Birulya.

In place of a vowel I, and also A after [h] and [w":] in unstressed endings iyah pronounced [b]: seas, fields - mo[r"b], po[l"b], brothers, branches - bra[t"yy" ], su[chy]; burden, flame - bre[m"b], pla[m"b]; songs, drops - pes[n"mi], drops[l"mi]; sitting, playing - si[d "ъ], game[yъ]; new, red - new [yъ], cr asna[y]; dacha, thicket - yes[ch], cha[sh":b].

After [zh], [w], [ts] in place e in the first prev in a stressed syllable, a sound is pronounced, the middle one between [s] and [e] - [ые]: woolly - [shye]rsty, whisper - [shye]ptat, Sheksna - [shy uh ]ksna, Shelon - [shye]lon, Shevchenko - [shye]vchenko; yolk - [zhye]yolk, yellow Yesi sty - [zhye]leezy, chew - [zhye]vat, Zhelcha-[zhye]lcha, Zhernovsky district - [zhye]rnovsky district, Zhelyab ov - [zhye]lyabov, Zheromsky - [zhye]romsky; price - [tsye]na, cement - [tsye]menty, appreciate - [ tsye ]thread, Tselinny - [tselinny].

In some borrowed words it is possible t be pronunciable. without vowel reduction: masterpiece - [she]devr, sherhebel - [she]erhebel, Cherbourg - [she]rbur, Shetl en children's islands - [she]tland islands, Chenier - [she]nye; ginseng - [zhe]ginseng, geode - [zhe]oda, AND emaite - [zhe]maite, Gervais - [zhe]rve, Gerard - [zhe]rar; time trouble - [tsey]tnot, centuria - [tse]nturia, Cieschanow - [tse]sh en uv, Ceres - [ce]rera.
In some foreign words zmo please pronounce [uh] on the spot e after a vowel And in the first pre-stressed syllable: myelitis - mi[e]lit, piety - pi[e]tet, Pierre and I - pi[e]ria, Tiete - ti[e]te.

In the remaining unstressed syllables sl e [sh], [zh], in place of the letter e pronounced - [b]: silkworm - [sh']lkopryad, woolen - [sh']wool, shelu shi to be - [sh']obey, to ours - to [sh']mu, Shevardino - [sh']vardino, Shepetovka - [sh']petovka, She ba lin - [sh']balin, Shelgunov - [sh']lgunov, iron ore - [zh'] leznyak, tin - [zh']styanoy, gesticulate -[and ъ]sticulate, also - so[zh], Zheleznovodsk - [zhа]leznovodsk, Zhelnino - [zhа]lnino, Zhemch yy ova - [zh']mchugova, cellophane - [ts']llophane, entirely - [ts'] face, cement - [ts']ment, tree - tree [ts], Whole in fence - [ts]linograd, Celebes Sea - [ts]lebes sea.

In some foreign words in order to accurately convey the sound appearance of the word, the pronunciation of the vowel can be preserved: “Chevrolet” - [she]vrole, sh ate interdek - [she]lterdek, shenapan - [she]napan, Shentala - [she]ntala, Sheridan - [she]ridan, " Shek pendekh" - [she]kpendekh; Germinal - [zhe]germinal, Zhetykol - [zhe]tykdol, Zhenisya - [zhe]nisya, Gerardin - [zhe]r ar den, Gericault - [zhe]riko, tsevadin - [tse]vadin, celibate - [tse]libate, cerapadus - [tse]rapadus, Tse denb al - [tse]denbal.

At the beginning of foreign words, as well as in position ii after the vowel in place of the letter uh pronounced [e]: screen - [e]kran, ether - [e]fir, eucalyptus - [e]vcalyptus, Eif e l - [e]yfel, Eurydice - [e]vrydice, Echmiadzin - [e]chmiadzin, dielectric - di[e]lekt ri k, coefficient - coefficient, muezzin - mu[e]dzin, Buenaventura - bu[e]naventura, Joinville - ju[e]nville, Lohengrin - lo[e]n green.

Incorrect pronunciation in place of a letter uh sound [and] - it is and gives a reduced stylistic coloring speech. Moreover, such a sound [e] can sue az to understand the meaning of the speaker’s statement: the pronunciation [i]kran instead of [e]kran evokes an association with the word no aniyam and crane, [and] world instead of [e] world - s and world, [and] mission instead of [e] mission - s and mission.

Pronunciation [and], [u], [s] in unstressed rn y syllables occur somewhat weakened compared to stressed syllables, but they do not change qualitatively: fox - [l "i] sits A, chipmunk - [bur]nduk, Kyzyl-[ky]zyl.

On the spot And, if in the flow of speech it merges I with the preceding word on a hard consonant, according to the rules of orthoepy, is pronounced [s]: light and shadow - light-[ y]- shadow, cat and cook - cat-[s]-cook, in Italy - [in-s]talia, from Spain - [from-s]spain.

If the speaker needs to give a clear presentation talking about the sound of the unfamiliar foreign word, resort to a backlash pause between it and the previous word, more often a sentence O homo. Then in the second word starting with a vowel And, will be pronounced [i]: so about The story was published in "Ibaraki Shimbun" (not [in-s] baraki shibun), we arrived at Ikwe (not: [k-y]kwe), our journey no began with Isakly (not: [s-s] sakly).

In compound words, the first part of which x ends with a hard consonant, and the second begins with a vowel [i], in place And according to the norms of orthoepy oi pronounced unstressed [s]: Gosizdat - gos[y]zdat, city executive committee - city [s]polkbm, pedin st itut - pedagogical institute, Sovinformburo - sov[y]informburo. But the distinct vowel [i] is pronounced in the word Kom in turn - com[i]ntern.

After [sh], [zh], [ts] in place of a vowel And in no beat in the arny position it is pronounced [s]: rosehip - [shy]povnik, gaiters - gama[shy], Gramsci - gram[shy]; giraffe - [fы]р af, beaches - beaches [zhy], Zhiguli-[zhy]guli, Gilardi - [zhy]lyardi; mat - [tsy]novka, cyclonic esk ii - [tsy]clonic, Civil - [tsy]ville, Cincinnati - [tsyntsy]nnati.

To learn to speak beautifully and competently, study what learning the orthoepy of the Russian language, as well as consolidating the studied material in practice.After you have figured out the vowel sounds, look at how they are pronounced

How to identify vowel sounds?
What letters represent vowel sounds in writing?

Differences between a vowel and a consonant:

• the vowel sound consists only of the voice;

• when pronouncing a vowel sound, air passes through the mouth freely, without obstructions;

• a vowel sound forms a syllable: u | cha | ta .

Pay attention! The word vowel is formed from the obsolete word glas (voice). Therefore, we can say that a vowel sound means “vocal”.

Spelling words with an unstressed vowel sound at the root.

Remember! A vowel sound in a stressed syllable (under stress) is called stressed. A vowel sound in an unstressed syllable (without stress) is called unstressed.

Pay attention! Words tiger and tigers, birch and birches are forms of the same word. The words tiger and tiger cubs, birch and birch are words with the same root.

Pay attention! The same vowel sound in an unstressed syllable can be represented by different letters.

[a] [a] [a] [a]
Shafts, rooks, tables, dew.

Pay attention! An unstressed vowel sound in the root of words with the same root and forms of the same word is denoted by the same letter that denotes a stressed vowel sound in the same root: snow - snow - snowman - Snow Maiden.

Word being checked - this is a word in which the spelling of the letter denoting an unstressed vowel sound is checked: To oh ver , page e la , n and smo .
Test word - this is a word in which the letter being tested indicates a stressed vowel sound: To o scream , arrows , arrow , letters .

To choose a test word to indicate by letter unstressed vowel sound at the root, you need:

a) or replace the form of the word (m o rya - sea, by the sea) ;
b) or choose a single root word (tr and vá - grass, green - green) - so that the unstressed vowel sound becomes root percussion.

In the test and test words, vowels in the stressed and unstressed syllables of the root spelled the same.

Pay attention! If the letter e is written under stress at the root of a word, then the letter e is written without stress in the forms of the same word and in words with the same root: tears - tears, bee - bee, sisters - sister.

When do you need to remember the spelling of letters denoting unstressed vowel sounds at the roots of words?

Remember! There are words in the Russian language in which the spelling of the letter denoting the unstressed vowel sound in the root is can't be verified: l O pata, k A artina, p A lto, O hope The spelling of such words is necessary either remember, or check according to the spelling dictionary.
At school such words are sometimes called vocabulary. But this is not a scientific name. In each class you will be introduced to new vocabulary words.

Pay attention! We have already talked about words in which letters are highlighted or missing. These are spelling letters. Their writing follows the rules that you learn in Russian lessons.
Spelling we will call letter, which needs to be written check or remember.

The letter denoting the unstressed vowel sound at the root of a word is an orthogram. Its spelling must be checked or memorized.

Repetition

To remember the topics we have already covered in the Russian language, let’s solve a crossword puzzle. To do this, we will write words vertically in empty cells, guessing them by meaning.

Rice. 1.Crossword

1. I hear sounds, but will I hear letters?...
2. Emphasizing a syllable in a word by using stronger voice or raising the tone.
3. Sounds that form a syllable.
4. Icons for recording sounds.
5. We write and read letters, and we pronounce and hear...?
6. The smallest pronunciation unit.
7. A collection of words located in alphabetical order, with explanations, references, interpretations, translations into other languages.

Let's check ourselves.

Rice. 2. Completed crossword puzzle with code word

In the selected horizontal cells we have the word RULE.

Let us repeat: speech consists of sounds. The sounds are vowels and consonants. They help each other. Vowel sounds combine consonants into syllables. And words are built from syllables, like bricks. In every word one brick is the most important. This stressed syllable. If the emphasis is placed incorrectly, the word will be difficult to understand.

Stressed and unstressed vowels

Let's complete the task: look at the photos and name what is shown on them.

Rice. 3()

Flowers, pine, balls. Let's put stress in the words and show the vowels that are in an unstressed position by emphasizing them. Flowers, from sleep, ball. Let's read these words not syllable by syllable, but quickly. It is noticeable that unstressed vowels were pronounced less clearly.

Vowels under stress - stressed vowels - are in strong position. Vowels without stress, they are called unstressed - in weak position . Letters that represent sounds in weak positions are called spellings. Spelling - (from the Greek orthos - correct and gramma - writing) - writing words according to some spelling rules.

Spelling - (from the Greek word: “orthos” - correct, and “grapho” - “write”) - rules of written speech (i.e. writing words). In Russian they say "spelling".

Pronunciation of unstressed vowels

Let's look at the words:

mushrooms, flowers- I hear And what should I write? I or E?

water, grass- I hear A, what should I write? A or O?

balls, rows- I hear an unclear sound. And what should I write? I? E? AND?

Conclusion - in the unstressed position we do not hear a clear sound and can make a mistake when writing.

In the modern Russian language there is a law - in unstressed syllables the sound O is not pronounced. The sound A works instead. And it will return to its place only when it becomes percussive. This is how sounds work in turn. Compare : sea - seas, table - tables, elephant - elephants. Other vowel sounds behave the same way: in unstressed syllables, each of them is replaced by some other one.

Unstressed syllables do not have the vowel sound E. Say the word floors. It is not pronounced as it is written. It is not difficult to notice that the sound U in words is not dangerous; it is pronounced well and clearly even in an unstressed position.

For competent writing, it is very important to learn to identify unstressed vowels by ear without errors in order to anticipate the place in the word where a mistake can be made. Sometimes they say - find a dangerous place in a word. Let's write down the proposals.

The squirrel was on a twig. We hear unstressed sounds clearly and understand all words.

Children play with a ball. It is not clear what the children are playing with: a ball or a sword.

Checking an unstressed vowel

To understand written speech, it is important to learn how to write words without errors. There is a law in the Russian language: check a weak position with a strong one.

Let's read the sentences and find a clue in them.

The cat - to? Daddy. Cat - Oh, that means kittens are also Oh.

The tiger has t? dirty. Tiger - And, that means the cubs are also I.

Here's an elephant. Does he have sl? Nyata. Elephant - Oh, that means baby elephants are also Oh.

Remember the rule: To check the spelling of a weak position, you need to change the word. How to do this?

Step 1: Say the word being tested.

Does it have vowels in unstressed syllables?

If there are, what are they?

Step 2: Choose a test word, change the word so that the sound being tested is stressed.

Step 3: Write the vowel letter in accordance with the sound that is heard under the stress.

Step 4: Check what you have written, read the word syllable by syllable.

Now we will go to the zoo. All animals are listed here so visitors know what they are looking at. Here different birds. Let's sign their names.

This owl. Impact sound A. How to write without error - owl or sava ? How will we proceed? Let's select a test word, change the word owl on With O You, Now under the accent O, that means we’ll write owl. Then we proceed in the same way.

Rice. 11. Crane ()

Crossbills? Blackbirds? Cranes? Rooks?

What to do with words sparrow, nightingale, crow, magpie?

Using a spelling dictionary

Worth taking advantage spelling dictionary , with which you can check spelling.

Rice. 17. Spelling dictionary ()

You just need to know the secrets of the dictionary and remember the alphabet well. Very often, short spelling dictionaries can be found at the end of Russian language textbooks. If you don’t have a dictionary at hand, ask an adult or a teacher for the spelling. Remember, the main thing is not to write with an error. It is better to leave space for the letter, marking it with a dot, and enter the letter when there is no doubt at all.

Let's draw a conclusion. The position of an unstressed vowel sound in a word is a danger that requires proof. Unstressed vowels cannot be trusted. Today in class we learned how to check them in different ways: by strong position, i.e., by selecting a test word, and by the dictionary, if there is no test word. Remember this:

Unstressed vowel sound
Causes a lot of pain.
So that there is no doubt,
We put emphasis on the sound. Or check it using a spelling dictionary.).

Tutrus.com ().

1. Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. M.: Astrel, 2011. Pp. 26, ex. 2; Page 28, ex. 3.
2. Finish the word. Which letter will you insert? Fur hat - what kind of hat? (m.khovaya- E). Here is the garden, what kind of strawberries grow there? ( garden- A). Here is the forest, what kind of strawberries are there? ( forest- E).
3. Read words with unstressed vowels. Select test words, name the vowel: s.va, star, sh.ry, b.ly, ts.kidney. (Sl.va - word- Oh, the stars - the stars- E, sh.ry - ball- A, b.ly - pain- Oh, c.kidney - chain- E.)
4. * Using the knowledge acquired in the lesson, compose 5 sentences with missing unstressed vowels in words, explain the spelling.