Soviet literature

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky

Biography

TVARDOVSKY, ALEXANDER TRIFONOVICH (1910−1971), Russian poet. Born on June 8 (21), 1910 in the village of Zagorye, Smolensk province. Tvardovsky's father, a peasant blacksmith, was dispossessed and exiled. The tragic fate of his father and other victims of collectivization is described by Tvardovsky in the poem By Right of Memory (1967−1969, published 1987).

Tvardovsky wrote poetry since childhood. In 1931, his first poem, The Path to Socialism, was published. While studying at the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute, and then at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History (MIFLI), which he graduated in 1939, Tvardovsky also wrote articles. He became famous for his poem The Country of Ant (1936, State Prize, 1941), which tells the story of the peasant Nikita Morgunk’s search for a country of universal happiness.

After the release of Ant Country, one after another, collections of Tvardovsky’s poems were published: Poems (1937), The Road (1938), Rural Chronicle (1939), Zagorye (1941). In 1939-1940, Tvardovsky served in the army as a military journalist, participated in the campaign against Poland and in the Finnish campaign. During the Great Patriotic War he was a front-line correspondent for various newspapers. The poet called his lyrics of the war years “front-line chronicles”, defining with this name its content and stylistic features.

In 1941, Tvardovsky began working on the poem Vasily Terkin, to which he gave the subtitle Book about a fighter. The first chapters were published in September 1942 in the newspaper Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda; in the same year, an early version of the poem was published as a separate book. The final version was completed in 1945. In the article How “Vasily Terkin” was written, Tvardovsky wrote that the image of the main character was invented in 1939 for a permanent humorous column in the newspaper of the Leningrad Military District “On Guard of the Motherland.” The accidentally found image, wrote Tvardovsky, “captivated me completely.” The original humorous idea took the form of an epic narrative; the poem became for the author “my lyrics, my journalism, a song and a lesson, an anecdote and a saying, a heart-to-heart conversation and a remark to the occasion.” In the poem “just a guy by himself” Vasily Terkin became the main character people's war. Like all the heroes of the world epic, he was granted immortality (it is no coincidence that in the 1954 poem by Terkin in the next world he ends up in afterlife, reminiscent of Soviet reality in its carrion) and at the same time - living optimism, making him the personification of the people's spirit. The poem was a huge success among readers. Vasily Terkin became a folklore character, about which Tvardovsky remarked: “Where he came from is where he goes.” The book received both official recognition (State Prize, 1946) and high praise from contemporaries. I. Bunin wrote about it: “This is a truly rare book. What freedom, what wonderful prowess, what accuracy, precision in everything and what an extraordinary folk language - not a hitch, not a single false, ready-made, that is literary word! Determining the main direction of his work, Tvardovsky wrote: “Personally, I will probably never be able to move away from the harsh and majestic, infinitely diverse and so little revealed in literature world of events, experiences and impressions of the war period in my entire life.” The poetic embodiment of this thought became his famous lyric poems I was killed near Rzhev... and I know it’s not my fault... The poem about tragic fate soldier Sivtsov and his family House by the Road (1946), which Tvardovsky called a “lyrical chronicle.” In 1950, Tvardovsky was appointed editor-in-chief of the magazine New world”, but in 1954 he was removed from his post for the democratic tendencies that emerged in the magazine immediately after Stalin’s death. In 1958, Tvardovsky again headed the “New World”, inviting into it his like-minded people - critics and editors V. Lakshin, I. Vinogradov, A. Kondratovich, A. Berzer and others. In this post, Tvardovsky, according to the critic I. Rostovtseva, “ published literature and creative people from the dead ends into which History, Time, Circumstances have driven them.” Thanks to his efforts, the works of V. Ovechkin, V. Bykov, F. Abramov, B. Mozhaev, Y. Trifonov, Y. Dombrovsky and others were published in the “New World”, which became the focus and symbol of the “Thaw”. In 1961, Tvardovsky succeeded publish A. Solzhenitsyn's story One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. In 1970, Tvardovsky was removed from his post as editor-in-chief. This aggravated the difficult mental situation in which he was, being, on the one hand, a major figure in the party-Soviet hierarchy, and on the other, an “unofficial oppositionist.” Despite the official recognition of the poem Beyond the Distance (1950−1960, Lenin Prize, 1961), Tvardovsky's poems By Right of Memory and Terkin in the Next World were not published. Tvardovsky died in Krasnaya Pakhra near Moscow on December 18, 1971.

Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich, is a famous Russian poet. He was born on June 8, 1910 in the village of Zagorye, which is located in the Smolensk region. The father of the future poet was a blacksmith, who was dispossessed during the revolution and sent into exile. Tvardovsky wrote about the fate of many victims of collectivization of that time in his work “By the Right of Memory.”

Alexander wrote poems since childhood. His first work was published in 1931. This poem was called "The Path to Socialism." During his studies at the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute and the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, he did not forget to write articles. Tvardovsky became famous after the publication of his poem “The Country of Ant” among a wide range of readers.

From 1939 to 1940 he served in the army as a war journalist. He took part in campaigns against Poland and in the Finnish war. During World War II he was a front-line correspondent. Wrote articles for many newspapers. In addition, he was engaged in creativity, writing his “chronicles of the front-line years.” This title determines the content of this work. Thanks to the fact that he was the director of Novy Mir, it was possible to publish the works of many Soviet writers. And in 1961, Tvardovsky was able to publish Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.” By the will of senior officials, in 1970, Tvardovsky was removed from the post of editor-in-chief. This greatly influenced state of mind a poet who was both a big man in the party and an “unofficial oppositionist.” Despite the fact that his poem “Beyond the Distance” was recognized by Soviet critics and awarded the Lenin Prize in 1961, his other works were never published.

- Soviet writer and poet, winner of many awards, editor-in-chief magazine "New World".

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born June 8 (21), 1910 in the Smolensk province on the Zagorye farm in peasant family. Alexander began writing poetry quite early. At the age of 14, he was already leaving his notes in newspapers. M. V. Isakovsky liked his works, who became good friend and mentor to the young poet.

In 1931, his first poem entitled “The Path to Socialism” appeared in print. He married M.I. Gorelova, they had two daughters. By that time, the writer’s entire family was dispossessed, and his native farm was burned. Despite this, he supported collectivization and Stalin's ideas. Since 1938, he became a member of the CPSU (b).

In 1939 he received a diploma from the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History. Then he was drafted into the Red Army, and also participated in the Finnish War as a war correspondent. During the Great Patriotic War The writer’s most famous poem, “Vasily Terkin,” was published. This poem became the embodiment of Russian character and national patriotism.

In 1946, Tvardovsky completed work on the poem “House by the Road.” In the 1960s, the writer wrote the poem “By Right of Memory,” where he told the whole truth about the life of his father and the consequences of collectivization. This poem was banned from publication by censorship until 1987. Along with poetry, the writer was also fond of prose. So, in 1947, his book about the past war, “Motherland and Foreign Land,” was published. In the 1960s, the poet showed himself as a professional critic and wrote articles about the works of S. Marshak, M. Isakovsky, I. Bunin.

A short message about the life and work of Alexander Tvardovsky for children 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 classes

The Zagorye farmstead, Smolensk province, is considered the birthplace of A. T. Tvardovsky. In short, Tvardovsky was the son of a blacksmith, who, in turn, was extremely well-read and quite literate. Even as a child, little Sasha was familiar with such great literary figures as Gogol, Pushkin, Lermontov - all these books were in his father’s library.

However, soon, Trifon Tvardovsky was dispossessed and exiled to the north.

Already at the age of 14, Tvardovsky began sending his notes to many Smolensk magazines.

The Soviet-Russian poet Isakovsky, at that time editor of the magazine “Working Way,” supported the young talent and helped Alexander Tvardovsky publish his notes.

After graduating from school, a difficult period began for the writer. It turned out that it is not so easy to get a job and find income without a decent education. Tvardovsky wandered around the editorial offices for a long time with his articles, but almost everywhere he was refused publication. The same thing happened in Moscow.

Tvardovsky, short biography upon returning to Smolensk.

In 1930, A. T. Tvardovsky returned to his native land and entered the pedagogical specialty at the institute, however, he did not complete his studies, he quit studying at this institute from the 3rd year and received a diploma, but still received it in Moscow.

1931 - publication of Tvardovsky’s earliest poem, “The Path to Socialism.” However, Tvardovsky became famous only after his poem “The Country of Ant” was published, in which the main the hero Morgunok is looking for a country for eternal happiness.

For this unusual work, A. Tvardovsky was awarded the State Prize.

After the publication of the poem, several collections of Tvardovsky were published -

"Road",

"Rural Chronicle"

"Zagorye"

In 1941, Tvardovsky began large-scale work on his greatest poem, “Vasily Terkin,” which has not yet lost its popularity. The poem was published in chapters. The first chapters were published in the magazine “Krasnoarmeyskaya Zvezda” (1942). The last version of the poem that Tvardovsky finished writing in 1945, and Vasily Terkin truly became a folk hero. The book became popular in famous literary circles, Tvardovsky was awarded the State Prize.

In addition to “Vasily Terkin”, the poem “House by the Road” was also written, completed at the end of the war.
In parallel with his poetic activity, A. Tvardovsky wrote prose - “Motherland and Foreign Land,” a book about the war.

The magazine “New World”, of which he was the editor, can briefly speak about Tvardovsky.
On December 18, 1971, A. Tvardovsky passed away; he died as a result of a serious illness.

Brief biography of Alexander Tvardovsky

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky is a Soviet writer and poet, winner of many awards, editor-in-chief of the New World magazine. Tvardovsky was born on June 8 (21), 1910 in the Smolensk province on the Zagorye farm. The writer's family, although peasant, always had a lot of books. Therefore, Alexander became addicted to them quite early and began writing poetry. At the age of 14, he was already leaving his notes in newspapers. M. V. Isakovsky liked his works, who became a good friend and mentor of the young poet.

In 1931, his first poem entitled “The Path to Socialism” appeared in print. By that time, the writer’s entire family was dispossessed, and his native farm was burned. Despite this, he supported collectivization and Stalin's ideas. Since 1938, he became a member of the CPSU (b). A year later he was drafted into the Red Army, and also participated in the Finnish War as a war correspondent. During the Great Patriotic War, the writer’s most famous poem, “Vasily Terkin,” was published. This poem became the embodiment of Russian character and national patriotism.

In 1946, Tvardovsky completed work on the poem “House by the Road.” In the 1960s, the writer wrote the poem “By Right of Memory,” where he told the whole truth about the life of his father and the consequences of collectivization. This poem was banned from publication by censorship until 1987. Along with poetry, the writer was also fond of prose. So, in 1947, his book about the past war, “Motherland and Foreign Land,” was published. In the 1960s, the poet showed himself as a professional critic and wrote articles about the works of S. Marshak, M. Isakovsky, I. Bunin.

For many years, Tvardovsky was the editor-in-chief of the New World magazine. He boldly defended the rights of talented writers and their works. With his help, the works of such writers as Aitmatov, Solzhenitsyn, Abramov and others were allowed to be published. In 1970, the writer was forced to resign as editor. Most of the team left with him. A. T. Tvardovsky died on December 18, 1971 from lung cancer. The poet was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

The great Russian writer and poet Alexander Tvardovsky was born in the small village of Zagorye on one of the quiet summer days - June 8, 1910. According to the new calendar, his birthday falls on June 21. The village was no different from other similar villages for which the Smolensk province was famous. The population is small, everyone knows each other by sight. Despite the fact that Sasha’s father was a blacksmith, he loved to read, and there were many different books in the Tvardovskys’ house. It was while reading these books that Alexander met such significant people in his life as Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov and others. Reading their poems and works aloud, Sasha absorbed the spirit that the poets put into their lines. Inspired by the poems of great poets, he began writing his own poems early. First small, then larger and more serious. And already at the age of fourteen he began his career as a poet. Sending poems to different printed publications, he hoped that it would be appreciated and published. And his expectations were justified. Some publications actually began to publish his poems. The editor of one of the newspapers (Mikhail Isakovsky, “Working Path”) even invited him to a meeting, and so their collaboration in the poetic field began. One gave advice, the other wrote and became more popular.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky
Writer

Alexander studied at a local school. The village school gave him primary education, but he failed to master any profession. After graduating from school, the poet went to the city of Smolensk and tried to improve his life there. Unfortunately, the lack vocational education did not give him the opportunity to gain a foothold in the city. After living there for some time and earning some money from poetry, Sasha decided to try his luck in Moscow. But failure awaited him there too. Then he returned to Smolensk again and decided to become a student pedagogical institute. But after studying for three years, he dropped out and entered the Institute of Philosophy, History and Literature in Moscow.

If we talk about the poet’s work, then his real fame as a poet began from the time when his poem “The Country of Ant” was published. At this time, Sasha was already 26 years old, and three years later he had already graduated from college and received higher education. But he failed to apply theoretical knowledge in practice, since immediately after graduation he joined the army and became a participant in the liberation battles in Belarus. Having officer rank, Alexander fought as a war correspondent.

After the end of the war, Tvardovsky continued his literary activity and wrote not only poetry, but also prose. Among his works:

• "Vasily Terkin"
• "Front Chronicle"
• "House by the Road"
• "Beyond the distance - the distance"
• "By right of memory"
• “Motherland and Foreign Land” and others.

Also, for a long time, Alexander headed the team of editors of the New World publication. At the age of 60, Tvardovsky was diagnosed with lung cancer. And a year later, on December 18, 1971, he died and was buried in the cemetery near the Novodevichy Convent.

Biography of A.T. Tvardovsky (briefly).