Lesson 10 NATURE, SOCIETY, PEOPLE

28.10.2013 9134 0

Epigraph for the lesson:

Every living creature must get used to the fact that it is an experimental specimen of nature, and not the final version.

Wilhelm Schwoebey - German scientist, publicist, aphorist

Lesson type:learning new material.

Target:continue to form in students an idea of ​​nature as the natural basis for the life of human society.

Students should know that:

1)nature is the natural habitat of humans;

2)noosphere - an area of ​​the planet covered by human activity, his intelligent activity;

3)moral norms began to regulate people's relationships;

4)humanity is gradually rising to a new stage of development.

Students must understand what:

1) nature;

2) biosphere;

3) noosphere;

4) society;

5)moral standards.

Students should be able to:

1)reveal the basic meanings of concepts;

2)determine the role of nature in human life and society;

3)justify your answers;

4)determine the meaning of moral norms and prohibitions in the life of society.

Movelesson

I. Learning new material.

1.Working with a table.

Exercise.Write down in the table what you know about this topic (in the “I know” column), leave the second and third columns blank until the text of the paragraph has been studied.

I know	Found out	I want to know more

2.Work ingroups.

It is best to study this educational material using one of the techniques of critical thinking technology -Zigzag model.

Conditions.Students are grouped into groups of 4. In order for everyone to have their own number, you can either pay with 1, 2, 3, 4, or distribute cards of different colors.

Then the teacher draws attention to the material in the textbook and, together with the students, sets the goal of the lesson and briefly discusses the topic. The teacher says that by the end of the lesson, each member of the group should understand the topic, but the students will interpret it in parts, and then general knowledge is created from the parts.

All material is divided into 4 parts.

First numbersare responsible for the section “What is nature?”

Second- “The connection between man and nature.”

Still others- “Is man the crown of nature?”

Fourth- “Top of the pyramid or link in the chain?”

When everyone has understood, new groups are created, which include only all the first numbers, only all the second numbers, only all the third numbers, only all the fourth numbers.

Their task is to study the material, thoroughly understand it, discuss it, and choose the most appropriate methods and techniques to explain to their comrades. When the material has been learned, the groups return to their original state and begin to teach their friends. The first numbers explain their part, the second, third, fourth - theirs.

And now each student has the entire volume of knowledge in the paragraph.

The second column of the “Learned” table is filled in.

Consolidation can be organized as group work, where students read additional material, analyze it, and answer questions.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALThe Gaia Theory

At the end of the 60s, a theory appeared, which they decided to name after the ancient Greek goddess of the Earth. According to this theory, living beings are not passive victims of their environment, they are capable of influencing it. In other words, our planet behaves like a giant living organism in which all living beings interact with each other, ensuring its stability.

From the perspective of this theory, it is possible to explain some facts related to the origin of life. At that time, the Earth's atmosphere contained 90 percent carbon dioxide. This created a super-greenhouse effect that kept the Earth warm. But the Sun gradually warmed up. Why didn't the Earth overheat? According to the English scientist Lovelock, one of the creators of the “Gaia” theory, this is explained by the presence of living beings on Earth. For example, the first bacteria consumed carbon dioxide, which sucked it out of the atmosphere and thereby limited the gas's ability to create a greenhouse effect. Later, about 3.7 billion years ago, the first forms of blue-green algae appeared and began to use sunlight to produce food. But at the same time they produced oxygen. Over time, a noticeable amount of it accumulated in the atmosphere, which led to the cooling of the planet and laid the foundations of the life that we know today.

In accordance with this theory, the future is also predicted. If global warming begins, plankton will save the Earth. It will release more of a certain gas into the atmosphere, which will result in sulfur particles appearing, which in turn will increase the formation of water droplets, which means clouds. Clouds will shade the Earth's surface more and reflect more sunlight back into space. Thus, according to this theory, the Earth will respond to the heating of the Sun with activities that provide cooling of the habitat.

Over the years of its existence, the theory has attracted a variety of supporters. Thus, industrialists and manufacturers are pleased that it implies the ability of our mother nature to survive even heavy industrial pollution. Lovelock is ready to agree with this, but adds that then, perhaps, humans will be replaced by a species more resistant to pollution.

Life is the highest value

Let us remember the famous fairy tale about the nightingale by Hans Christian Andersen. It was in the face of death that the emperor again wished to see a living nightingale. And this is full of deep meaning: after all, death - the privilege of the living - allows you to feel unity with the natural world. That is why the singing of a living bird drives away death, which began to overcome the emperor as soon as he added an artificial nightingale to the mechanical court ceremony.

In the world of man-made material things, many things are valuable. But the living is more valuable. Various justifications are given for this conclusion. Some believe that living things are God’s creations, which are always superior to those created by human hands. Others argue that the organic is superior to the artificial primarily because the former is characterized by internal expediency, while the latter is only external (to serve the satisfaction of certain human needs).

From this provision follows the conclusion about the need for a very careful attitude towards all living things. Interrupt natural ripo - The process of development and evolution of living things, lasting millions of years, is permissible only if, for example, it contributes to the preservation of human life (for example, the destruction of pathogenic microbes, tsetse flies, etc.).

Questions and tasks:

1.From the Gaia theory, various scientists draw opposite conclusions. Some believe that earthly life consciously (that is, in accordance with a specific purpose) controls its environment. Others are convinced that nature acts in full accordance with Darwin's theory of evolution: unconsciously, without any intelligent plan. The simple fact is that with more than 30 million biological species in the world, life has a tremendous ability for self-preservation. What do you think? Give reasons for your opinion.

2.Do you agree with the statement that it is completely unacceptable, for example, in the name of building a highway that increases human mobility, to fill with concrete those areas in which only certain types of living beings can survive? Give reasons for your position.

3.Discuss the possibilities and prospects for the following forecast. Some scientists believe that it is possible to release the forces of "Gaia" in order to generate life on Mars. According to this proposal, in order to warm up the planet so that rivers flow across its surface again, it is necessary to release enough chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere of Mars, which will give rise to the greenhouse effect. Then it will be necessary to introduce persistent microorganisms from the dry valleys of Antarctica to Mars. These tiny creatures will create oxygen through photosynthesis. And since neither predators nor rivals will interfere with them, they will be able to multiply very quickly and cover the entire surface of the planet. After this, it will be possible to begin populating it with people. And then the seeding, carried out with the help of spaceships, will lead to the appearance of the first descendant of the Earth in space.

ShDictionary

Biosphere- the lower part of the atmosphere, the entire hydrosphere and part of the Earth’s metosphere, inhabited by living organisms; largest ecosystem on Earth.

Noosphere -“thinking shell”, the highest stage of development of the biosphere, associated with the emergence and development of humanity, when intelligent human activity becomes the main determining factor of development.

Natural system- a set of elements of living and (or) inanimate nature that are in a certain connection and relationship with each other and form a relatively stable unity and integrity.

To the sections “Is Man the Crown of Nature?” and “Top of the pyramid or link in the chain?”

Man's understanding of his place and role in nature is historically changeable. Thus, archaic cultures were characterized by an understanding of man as part of a great natural organism, divine and living. The unity of man and nature was reflected in myths. In rituals, man also tries to symbolically express his community with nature.

With the beginning of a sedentary lifestyle, the development of agriculture, the identification of social groups, the emergence of cities and states, the advent of craft technology, and the beginnings of science, man’s relationship with nature changes. Although science has not yet lost touch with myth, quantitative methods are beginning to be used in the study of nature, astronomy and geodesy appear. In Ancient Greece, deductive science emerged, deriving theorems from axioms. Thus, both Greek and Indian sciences have long known the law, which received the name of Pythagoras, but in Indian texts it is only given, while Euclid proves it. At the same time, many ancient Greek thinkers endowed natural phenomena with a soul. For example, Plato and Aristotle even considered the stars to be animate.

During the Middle Ages, the Christian faith dominated in European countries. Nature here is no longer something that exists on its own; its existence is generated by God.

At the same time, man is given a central place in nature.

Gradually, the idea of ​​man's limitless capabilities in understanding and transforming nature arose. Thus, back in the Middle Ages, the idea appeared that man creates mathematical entities.

In modern times, together with the ideas of the French philosopher Descartes, the attitude towards man as the highest value and the only rational and spiritual principle in the world began to be established. Essentially, plants and animals came to be seen as machines with no inner world. This later helped to overcome all doubts about experiments conducted on animals. At the same time, individual thinkers of modern times, although they did not animate nature, still endowed it with dignity. In its existence and development they saw a manifestation of the true, good and beautiful, which a person is obliged to honor and love.

But it was not these views that determined the social consciousness of people of the industrial era. The idea of ​​the primacy of an active, creative person, standing above a hostile and inert nature, which had to be completely transformed taking into account the needs of people, became more and more established. Such ideas will become one of the sources of environmental danger in the future.

Belonging to two worlds

The essence of man is dual. On the one hand, it is generated by nature and therefore, of course, is part of it. But on the other hand, he is the only creature capable of comprehending the principles of the existence of himself and nature. Thus, man is different from the entire kingdom of nature. In addition to the natural, man is also included in the world of society. As a social being, a person belongs to certain social groups and communities, lives and acts in a system of certain social relations, creates an artificial habitat - a “second nature”. As a living being, a person obeys the general laws of development of the biosphere and has a certain set of species characteristics; The gender differences of people, the duration of childhood, adulthood and old age are biologically determined. The talent of different people in various types of activities, for example, in music, mathematics, etc., is inherited, that is, biologically determined. p.

A number of scientists believe that from distant ancestors people also adopted some instinctive behavior programs that are passed on from generation to generation with genes. Thus, according to the famous Austrian doctor and researcher Z. Freud, wars are based on ancient instincts of aggression and destruction.

The question of which of the two principles - biological (natural) or social (public) - is decisive in the formation of human abilities, feelings, and behavior remains a subject of heated debate today. Some researchers and philosophers believe that biological factors play a decisive role. It was thanks to them that the formation and development of the biological species took place. Others highlight the influence of society and social relations on a person. Only with their help does a person master language, consciousness, culture, social behavior skills, and the ability to work.

A controversial theory

There are types of living creatures whose weapons are crushing, and the methods of their use are lightning fast (poisonous insects, snakes). A skirmish between rivals in this case would inevitably end in the death of one of them, or even both. In such species, natural selection develops a ban on the use of weapons in internal skirmishes. Biologists called this system of instinctive prohibitions natural morality. The stronger the animal is naturally armed, the stronger it is.

Man and his immediate ancestors were weakly armed animals; they couldn’t even bite. Therefore, his instinctive prohibitions are initially weak, his natural morality is weak. But subsequently, man began to create and improve artificial weapons and became the most armed species on Earth. Morality hasn't changed much. In other words, a person’s trouble is not in his high aggressiveness, but in his lack of morality.

Questions and tasks:

1.Science claims that increasing the complexity of a system leads to its instability. For example, when the transport network, gas, water and electricity supplies are destroyed, the city dies. And the farm will survive under the same influence (everyone has their own garden, well). It follows that protozoa, capable of feeding on a variety of substances that are not edible for higher creatures, will survive any shocks. Man is the most vulnerable.

Do you agree with this point of view? Justify your position.

2.Which of the listed characteristics and properties of a person and the features of his life can be attributed to biologically determined, and which to socially given:

-ability to master speech;

Ability to use cutlery when eating;

-diseases suffered in life;

-articulate speech;

-ability to think.

3.There is a point of view according to which many animals, the closer they are genetically to each other, the more disgusted they are with each other, the more, so to speak, caricatures of each other. The same mechanism works in people. This can be illustrated by the attitude towards languages. If a foreign language is very far from our native one (for Russian it is Estonian or Chinese), then it is simply incomprehensible to us. A closer language (for example, German, Lithuanian) already causes rejection in the use of familiar roots and words, and, finally, similar languages ​​(Bulgarian, Ukrainian) are perceived simply as funny, as a parody of Russian (remember the works of Gogol, Sholokhov).

Do you share this point of view? Does it follow from the above statement that peoples who are close in culture and spirit can be most hostile towards each other?

ShDictionary

Natural habitathuman - that part of nature with which society interacts in the process of its development and life. At the first stages of the development of humanity, its natural habitat covered only a small part of the earth's surface. Now it includes not only the entire surface of the Earth, but also its interior, the World Ocean, the near-Earth airspace, as well as part of our solar system.

Artificial habitathuman - this is that part of the environment that was created by man in the process of historical development, is a product of the life activity of man and society and does not exist on its own as nature. The artificial environment includes man-made dwellings, cities, villages, roads, vehicles, tools and much more.

Homework: § 8.

Social studies test Man, society, nature for 8th grade students. The test is designed to test knowledge on the topic Personality and Society. The test consists of 3 parts. In part 1 - 10 tasks, in part 2 - 4 tasks and in part 3 - 1 task (4 questions).

1. Select the incorrect statement.

1) nature is the natural habitat of humans
2) nature is everything that arose together with man
3) by nature we mean the biosphere of planet Earth
4) nature is the defining properties of an object that express its essence

2. The shell of the Earth, populated by living organisms and under their influence, is called

1) biosphere
2) atmosphere
3) noosphere
4) hydrosphere

3. The area of ​​planet Earth covered by intelligent human activity is

1) biosphere
2) lithosphere
3) hydrosphere
4) noosphere

4. The highest type of mental activity

1) understanding
2) behavior
3) mind
4) genius

5. Most researchers believe that the mind is the result of work

1) hearts
2) endocrine system
3) brain
4) nervous system

6. Choose the wrong expression.

1) civilization as a stage of development of society is characterized by its separation from nature
2) in the primitive era, society lived according to strict rules of behavior, which researchers call mononorms
3) in primitive society people were guided by moral standards
4) the emergence of the state meant the transition of humanity from the primitive herd to the social organization of people

7. Choose the wrong expression.

1) morality was developed during human evolution to curb excessive individualism
2) morality expresses personal or social values
3) morality is one of the social regulators of human behavior
4) morality is established by the state and supported by its coercive force

8. Anthropologists call modern man

1) a skilled person
2) homo erectus
3) a working person
4) a reasonable person

9. Most researchers believe that the biological species of modern humans first appeared in

1) Africa
2) Europe
3) Asia
4) Australia

10. Developed a biological theory of human origins

1) V.I. Vernadsky
2) C. Darwin
3) Voltaire
4) E. Fromm

1. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, characterize the concept social regulators of human behavior in society .
Morality, religion, abilities, traditions, customs.
Find and indicate a term that refers to another concept.

2. Establish a correspondence between Latin terms meaning stages of human evolution as a biological species and similar terms in Russian: for each element given in the first column, select an element from the second column.

Latin terms

A) Homo hablis
B) Homo erectus
B) Homo neanderthalensis
D) Homo sapiens

Terms in Russian

1) homo erectus
2) Neanderthal
3) a reasonable person
4) a skillful person

3. Establish a correspondence between the biosphere, noosphere and their elements.

A) morality
B) ecosystem
B) the lower part of the atmosphere
D) mind

1) biosphere
2) noosphere

4. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing.

“The first __________ (1) of man were a stone and a stick. People earned their livelihood by hunting and __________ (2). The most important stage in human development was the appearance of __________ (3). People have learned to express abstract __________ (4) water in general , beast in general . This led to the opportunity to teach offspring ___ (5), and not just by example, to plan actions before the hunt, and not during it, etc.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

A) gathering
B) tools
B) agriculture
D) language
D) cattle breeding
E) concepts
G) words

Under each number, write down the letter corresponding to the word you chose.

1. Read an excerpt from Jack London's story "Love of Life" and complete the tasks.

“He heard some snoring behind him—either a sigh or a cough. Very slowly, overcoming extreme weakness and numbness, he turned over to the other side. He saw nothing nearby and began to wait patiently. Again he heard sniffling and coughing, and between two pointed stones, no more than twenty steps away, he saw the gray head of a wolf. The ears did not stick up, as he had seen in other wolves, the eyes were clouded and bloodshot, the head hung helplessly. The wolf was probably sick: he was sneezing and coughing all the time.
At least it doesn’t seem like it, he thought and again turned on the other side to see the real world, not now obscured by the haze of visions. But the sea still sparkled in the distance, and the ship was clearly visible. Perhaps this is real after all? He closed his eyes and began to think - and in the end he realized what was the matter. He walked northeast, away from the Dease River, and ended up in the Coppermine River valley. This wide, slow river was the Coppermine. This shining sea is the Arctic Ocean. This ship is
a whaling ship sailing far east of the mouth of the Mackenzie River, it is anchored in Coronation Bay. He remembered the map of the Hudson's Bay Company that he had seen once, and everything became clear and understandable.
He sat down and began to think about the most urgent matters. The wrappings of the blanket were completely worn out, and his legs were stripped to living flesh. The last blanket was used up. He lost his gun and knife. The hat was also missing, but the matches in the pouch behind his bosom, wrapped in parchment, remained intact and not damp. He looked at his watch. They were still walking and showed eleven o'clock. He must have remembered to wind them up.
He was calm and fully conscious. Despite the terrible weakness, he did not feel any pain. He didn't want to eat. The thought of food was even unpleasant to him, and everything he did was done at the behest of his reason. He tore off his trouser legs to his knees and tied them around his feet. For some reason he didn’t throw the bucket: he would have to drink boiling water before starting the journey to the ship - a very difficult one, as he foresaw.”

1) Define the concept nature . Make up two sentences with this concept that reveal its meaning.

2) Jack London's story "Love of Life" tells the story of human survival in the wild. Abandoned by a friend, the hero of the story walks across the Canadian tundra. Along the way, he overcomes various difficulties, and at the end of the story he is forced to enter into a fight with an old and sick wolf, from which he emerges victorious. Based on the above passage, write at least three qualities of a traveler that helped him survive in wildlife without the help of other people.

3) Write three examples of the positive influence of society on nature.

4) Select one from the statements proposed below, reveal its meaning by identifying the problem posed by the author (the topic raised); formulate your attitude towards the position taken by the author; justify this relationship. When expressing your thoughts on various aspects of the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge received while studying a social studies course, corresponding concepts, and also facts public life and one's own life experience.

1. “Everything that is against nature is also against reason, and everything that is against reason is absurd, and therefore must be rejected” ( B. Spinoza).
2. “Nature surrounds man with darkness and forces him to eternally strive for light” ( I.V. Goethe).
3. “Nature created its creations in pursuit of its goals, but its goals are bonds and chains for man” ( M. Gorky).

Answers to the social studies test Man society nature
Part 1
1-2, 2-1, 3-4, 4-3, 5-3, 6-3, 7-4, 8-4, 9-1, 10-2.
Part 2
1-ability
2-4123
3-2112
4-BAGAGE

Nature plays an important role in human life. Man cannot exist without society as well as without nature. Man, nature, society are interconnected parts, components of one chain, components of the life of the planet.

The meaning of nature

8th grade social studies suggests studying the concept "nature" in several meanings .

• Nature is the surrounding world in all its manifestations. Nature in this sense is everything except what is created by human consciousness: thoughts, images and ideas.
• Nature is everything that develops and appears not in the course of human activity. According to this concept, nature is divided into 2 components: living and nonliving. Both groups existed before the advent of man.
• Nature is the biosphere of planet Earth, the shell in which living processes occur.

The latter meaning is contrasted with the concept of “society”. People's lives, the “human factor” change nature, interfere with its development, and change the structure of the biosphere.

Unity of nature and man

What connects man, nature and society? Scientists have found plenty of evidence of close interaction. A person is an element of the system, a particle, but many processes depend on him. Man cannot exist outside of nature. This is his place of life. How can one justify such a statement? Nature gives people food. Plants, animals, and fish appeared even before man; he found useful nutritional elements in them, without which he could not exist. The same can be said about water. Rivers, lakes, natural reservoirs, and inland waters give a person the opportunity to provide himself with drink. A person cannot last even 3 minutes without air. Where does he get it from?

From the atmosphere. This is what allows us to conclude: man and nature are inseparable.

Some scientists predict the advent of the noosphere era, when harmony between human society and nature will triumph. This period has not yet arrived, but scientists believe in its imminent and obligatory arrival.

Man is part of nature

Man is the highest stage of the development of nature. His mind allows him to control what is nearby. In ancient China, scientists arranged all living beings in stages: at the initial stage there were plants, then fish. Everyone else was promoted based on perfection and breadth of intellect. There was a man on the top step. Why? Man is not just a king, a deity. He is the one who is responsible for evolutionary processes. It preserves history and what appeared many millions of years before it. Humanity is constantly engaged in improving the intelligence that it acquired from nature. A person should direct the power of reason not towards destruction, but towards the preservation of all living things.

For part of his historical development, man went through a path similar to all living beings, but gradually chose another: he begins to work. Work transforms personality. Work requires knowledge; a person, by working, acquires skills and experience.

Source of scientific discoveries

The nature that surrounds man gives him a lot of knowledge. By understanding its secrets, people have become wiser and more practical. Many laws were discovered during the study of the relationship between the components of the planet. Man comprehended nature and created new things.

TOP 4 articleswho are reading along with this

• Having understood the essence of the force of gravity, he took off into the air, constructing airplanes.
• Ventilation systems of multi-story buildings are similar in principle to air access inside termite mounds.
• Scuba gear appeared after observing the absorption of air by an aquatic bug.

There are many ideas that man has received from nature. Researchers discovered the structure of plants and transferred them to technical devices. Biologists observed the lives of animals and discovered medicinal herbs and new ways of domesticating wild forest inhabitants.

Rattlesnakes “gave” night vision devices to people, and the frog “revealed” the principle of separate vision of images, which became the basis for the design of electronic machines.

What have we learned?

From an article on social studies, we learned what the role of nature is in the life of a person and society, what nature means for a person, how to treat the planet. Answers to questions help to cultivate the traits of a caring owner of the Earth.

Test on the topic

Evaluation of the report

Average rating: 4.4. Total ratings received: 659.

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Lesson topic: Man, society, nature

1. Prove that man is a biosocial being?

2. What are the main differences between humans and animals?

3. How does a person realize himself in society?

Practical task: write down in two columns from the list below the signs characteristic of a person

Inherited traits Traits acquired by a person throughout life

Ability to defend; the ability to treat others as oneself; ability to stock up for future use; the ability to distinguish good from bad; ability to build housing; a certain oval face; ability to move; ability to think; ability to satisfy hunger, ability to hear, ability to paint

Plan for studying a new topic: Nature and its significance in human life; Is man the top of the pyramid or a link in the chain?

Nature is the world around us in all its endless manifestations

Nature is the biosphere of our planet, i.e. the earth's shell, engulfed in life

Nature is the natural habitat of humans

“Suppose we accidentally killed a mouse. This means that all future descendants of the mouse will not exist... If 10 mice are not enough, one fox will die. Ten foxes less...insects and vultures will die, and countless forms of life will perish.”

Is man the crown of nature?

1. Man is endowed with reason

2. The ability to accumulate information, generalize it and create something that does not exist in nature

3.Creating your own laws, among which moral requirements came first

Or is a person a link in a chain?

1. Man has intelligence, but can he take advantage of this?

Man treats nature as a workshop in which he is allowed to manage uncontrollably

Essay topic: Is man the crown of nature or a link in the chain?

Homework: §2, creative assignments on the topic: “Global environmental problems of our time”, “Organizations created to protect nature”

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Presentation "Man, society, nature" 6th grade

This presentation is intended for a social studies lesson in 6th grade (textbook by Kravchenko A.I., Pevtsova E.A.) Presentation objectives: 1. lead students to an understanding of the relationship between man and nature.2. capable...

Social studies, 8th grade

Lesson No. 02

Man, society, nature

D.Z.: § 2, ?? (p. 18), tasks (p. 18-19), “Remember” to § 3, fill out the table “Man is the crown of nature”

© A.I. Kolmakov

Lesson objectives:

• To bring students to the understanding that the well-being and prosperity of the country depends on their choice of activities and awareness of personal responsibility for the environment.
• To create a basis for the formation of environmental culture in schoolchildren, knowledge about the importance of nature in human life and society, the impact of human economic activity on the environment, the mechanisms and regulators of this activity.
• To promote the development of the following universal educational actions in students: predicting the result; putting forward hypotheses and their substantiation; search and evaluation of alternative ways to solve the problem.

Know and be able to (KUD)

• Disclose the meaning of the concept “noosphere”.
• Evaluate statement about the connection between nature and society and argue your assessment.
• Characterize capabilities of the human mind.
• Disclose the meaning of moral standards.
• Concretize using examples of the influence of natural conditions on people.
• Analyze And evaluate text from given positions.
• Analyze facts and justify conclusions drawn

Concepts, terms

• biosphere;
• noosphere;
• nature;
• man is the crown of nature;

Testing students' knowledge

1. What do the words mean: “Man is a biosocial being”?

2. What human qualities are of a social nature (that is, they arise only in society)?

3. How is the creative nature of human activity manifested?

4. What is the relationship between thinking and speech?

5. How are human abilities manifested?

6. What is human self-realization?

7. Why is human self-realization possible only through activity?

Learning new material

• What is nature?
• .
• Man's place in the natural world .

Let's remember. Let's think about it.

• LET'S REMEMBER. What is an environmental crisis? What natural resources do you know? What use does a person find for them? What natural resources are considered exhaustible? What should be the relationship of man to nature? Do you share the opinion that people have a responsibility to take care of nature? If yes, then why and how should concern be shown?
• LET'S THINK. Will the natural properties of humans change in the distant future?

What is nature?

Three meanings of the term “nature” in the philosophical understanding:

• in a wide - everything that exists , the whole world in all the diversity of its forms and infinity of manifestations;
• in a narrow - biosphere , i.e. “area of ​​life”, the earth's shell, engulfed in life ;
• nature like everything that arose and is capable of developing outside of human activity ( living and inanimate nature existed long before the appearance of man ).

What is nature?

exercise

meaning of the term "nature"

in biology

in geography

in social studies

Thus man emerged from nature; culture and material production shaped the social essence of man and society.

What is nature?

The human environment and its components

We read about the irresistible craving for the colors of the earth, for the warmth of the sun among children taken by their parents to rainy Venus and forced to spend almost all their time in shelters in the story of the American writer R. Bradbury “All Summer in One Day.”

On p. 14, read an excerpt from R. Bradbury’s story “All Summer in One Day.”

What does the author teach? What natural resources do people use and for what purposes? What do you know about the problem of their depletion? What's the danger in this? What to do to avoid this danger? Give examples of a careful and humane attitude towards nature.

Human-environment interaction

Since ancient times there has been two approaches to the surrounding world - theoretical and mythopoetic . The latter is most clearly expressed in art, but it is not at all a monopoly of art.

The mythopoetic perception of the world was dominant in archaic and ancient cultures and is becoming less and less accessible to people of modern technical civilization.

You can see the world around us, the earth as a warehouse of minerals, as a storehouse of energy, and this will be theoretically completely justified, but not a cultural attitude.

But you can see in nature not just dead matter, not just the earth as a source of crops, but also the earth as a mother.

Gubin V.D., Russian philosopher

Human-environment interaction

• Read in the textbook (p.15) excerpt from the story R. Bradbury “And Thunder Rolled” and answer the questions:
• What problem is stated in the story?
• Is the author's position visible in this story? If yes, which one?
• Do you share it? Why? Explain your answer.
• What is our personal responsibility to the world around us?

Human-environment interaction

• IN great Russian scientist V. I. Vernadsky believed that the time would come when the further development of the planet, and therefore of human society, would be directed intelligence ohm Biosphere will gradually turn into the sphere of reason. Later a new term was coined - noosphere (from lat. - mind). The noosphere is understood as the area of ​​the planet covered by intelligent human activity.
• IN entering this era presupposes, first of all, a change in man’s relationship to nature, such an organization of social life and production in which it is possible ensure harmony between nature and society .

• Let's work in pairs!
• Exercise: For a long time, the prevailing opinion in society was that man stands at the last stage of evolutionary development.

• What arguments did the supporters of this position refer to? (see pp. 16-17 of the textbook) and what is the essence of each argument? Which position did you choose? Or maybe you have your own, special point of view on the place of man on the “ladder of living beings”, on the problem of evolution, its progressive orientation?

Man's place in the natural world. Is man the crown of nature?

• Firstly, Human endowed with intelligence .
• Secondly, He knows how to accumulate information about many specific phenomena, generalize it, create something that does not exist in nature .
• Thirdly, emergent human society began to obey its own laws , among which the requirements came first morality .

Humanity has risen to a new stage of development - from the primitive herd to the social organization of people.

First point of view

The power of the human mind, getting rid of the laws of the wild, and the creation of a grandiose cultural building have led many to the conclusion that man is a higher being and lives according to his own laws, and nature is the source of resources for human life.

Second point of view

Man is only a link in a long chain of development of nature, which does not have a directional movement from simple to complex, and other organisms can replace man.

Firstly, itself concept of progress (movements from simple to complex) people came up with. Nature does not know any purposeful movement, otherwise it must be endowed with reason.

Secondly, enough relatively divided into simple and complex organisms.

Thirdly, The fossil record of the planet contains stories of how many groups of animals disappeared , how giant amphibians were replaced by lizards, and then they died out. Life goes on!!!

Is the earth possible without humans?

Fourthly, a person is endowed with reason, but does not always perform reasonable actions . Today a person has to pay for a thoughtless attitude.

Man's place in the natural world. Is man the crown of nature?

Man, you are part of nature! Take care of the environment in which you live!

Test yourself

1. What are the main meanings of the concept “nature”?

2. How is the natural unity of the world expressed?

3. What is the role of nature in human life and society?

4. How, according to Vernadsky, are the biosphere and noosphere connected?

5. What possibilities has the mind opened up for humanity?

6. Is progress inherent in the development of nature?

7. What is the unreasonable attitude of man towards nature?

reflection

• What did you learn?
• In what way?
• What have you learned?
• What difficulties did you experience?
• Was the lesson interesting?