How to distinguish between qualitative relative and possessive adjectives. Qualitative and relative adjectives

In a sentence, an adjective is most often a modifier, but can also be a predicate. Has the same case as the noun it refers to.

Classes of adjectives[ | ]

Discharge is the only constant morphological feature this part of speech. There are three category adjectives: qualitative, relative and possessive.

Qualitative adjectives[ | ]

They denote a characteristic that can be present to a greater or lesser extent.

As a rule, they have the following symptoms:

combined with the adverbs “very” (and its synonyms) and “too” ( very big, too handsome, extremely smart).
from qualitative adjectives it is possible to form
- compound adjective by repeating ( delicious-delicious, big-big).
- cognate adjective with prefix Not- (not stupid, ugly).
have an antonym ( stupid - smart), and sometimes a hypernym ( big - huge)

Some qualitative adjectives do not satisfy all the above criteria.

Most qualitative adjectives, and only they, have two forms: full ( smart, delicious) and short ( smart, delicious). The full form changes according to numbers, genders and cases. Short form - only by gender and number. In a sentence, the short form is used as a predicate, and the full form is usually used as a definition. Some qualitative adjectives do not have a short form ( friendly, amiable) . Others, on the contrary, do not have full form (glad, much, must, need)

Possessive adjectives[ | ]

Indicate that an object belongs to a living creature or person ( paternal, sisters, fox). They answer the question “whose?”, “Whose?” Possessive adjectives can become relative or qualitative: hare (possessive) fur, hare (qualitative) soul, hare (relative) trace.

General information [ | ]

The boundaries of the lexico-grammatical categories of adjectives are flexible. Thus, possessive and relative adjectives can acquire a qualitative meaning: dog tail(possessive), dog pack(relative), a dog's life(quality).

Declension of adjectives[ | ]

Adjectives are declined according to cases and inflected according to numbers, in singular also vary by gender. The exception is short adjectives and adjectives in comparative degree: They don't bow. In addition, there are a number of indeclinable adjectives: Komi people, khaki color, gross weight.

The gender, case and number of the inflected adjective depend on the corresponding characteristics of the noun with which it agrees. Indeclinable adjectives are usually found after the noun; their gender, number, and case are determined syntactically by the characteristics of the corresponding noun: beige jackets.

solid: red th, red Wow, red wow
soft: syn th, syn his, syn to him
mixed: great Ouch, more Wow, more them.

Formation of adjectives[ | ]

Adjectives are most often formed in a suffixal way: swamp - swamp. Adjectives can also be formed by prefix: small, and prefix-suffix ways: underwater. Adjectives are also formed in a complex suffix way: flaxseed cleaning. Adjectives can also be formed by combining two stems: pale pink, three-year-old.

Adjective- this is a class of words that denotes a characteristic, and this characteristic is thought of in relation to an object. Moreover, this feature can be permanent, passive or temporary, but to all of them you can ask the question “which?”, which reflects everything common in semantics adjective. Because adjective denotes a dependent feature, it has concordant categories of gender, number and case, which predetermine the corresponding categories of nouns.
In a sentence adjective acts primarily as an agreed upon definition.
Depending on the meaning and grammatical form adjectives are divided into quality And relative. A special place occupy (for more details see translation agency).

Qualitative adjectives

Qualitative adjectives denote a sign that is perceived directly. Qualitative adjectives have a number of grammatical properties:

have a full and short form;

have degrees of comparison;

from qualitative adjectives abstract nouns can be formed: "youth";

from the base qualitative adjectives With the help of subjective assessment suffixes, derivatives can be formed: "little red";

to some qualitative adjective You can choose antonyms: "good" - "evil".

Relative adjectives denote signs, properties, qualities that are formed indirectly, through relationships with objects or phenomena. Relative adjectives can only have derived bases. Relative adjectives, usually denote:

relation to material, substance: "wooden house";

relation to time: "March day";

relation to place: "Indian costume"

Relative adjectives do not have a short form.
Between quality And relative adjectives there is no hard limit. Relative adjectives often appear in meaning quality: "iron will" Meaning adjective with such a transition it is metaphorized. Relative adjectives, moving to quality, do not acquire quality properties, although in literary texts This rule is often broken to create more vibrant and unusual images.
Qualitative adjectives can also act in the meaning of relative, this usually occurs when terminology of phrases: "non-ferrous metallurgy".

Possessive adjectives

Possessive adjectives express a sign of belonging to a person or another living being. Warp possessive adjectives always derivative. Such adjectives using suffixes: -ov- ("grandfathers"), -ev- ("Sergeev"), -in- ("father's"), -iy- ("bird's"). Possessive adjectives do not have short forms or degrees of comparison. Possessive adjectives very often turn into relative And quality, this happens especially often with possessive adjectives concerning animals: “wolf’s lair” (possessive), “wolf skin” (relative), “wolf’s appetite” (qualitative).

Declension of adjectives

Adjectives change by gender, number and case, these categories are concordant with the corresponding nouns. Release solid ("red"), soft ("blue") and mixed (back-lingual: "long") Declension options adjectives depending on the basis.

In a sentence, an adjective is most often a modifier, but can also be a predicate. Has the same case as the noun it refers to.

Classes of adjectives[ | ]

Discharge is the only constant morphological feature of this part of speech. There are three category adjectives: qualitative, relative and possessive.

Qualitative adjectives[ | ]

They denote a characteristic that can be present to a greater or lesser extent.

As a rule, they have the following symptoms:

combined with the adverbs “very” (and its synonyms) and “too” ( very big, too handsome, extremely smart).
from qualitative adjectives it is possible to form
- compound adjective by repetition ( delicious-delicious, big-big).
- cognate adjective with prefix Not- (not stupid, ugly).
have an antonym ( stupid - smart), and sometimes a hypernym ( big - huge)

Some qualitative adjectives do not satisfy all the above criteria.

Possessive adjectives[ | ]

General information [ | ]

Declension of adjectives[ | ]

Adjectives are inflected by case and inflected by number; in the singular, they are also inflected by gender. The exception is short adjectives and comparative adjectives: they are not declined. In addition, there are a number of indeclinable adjectives: Komi people, khaki color, gross weight.

solid: red th, red Wow, red wow
soft: syn th, syn his, syn to him
mixed: great Ouch, more Wow, more them.

Formation of adjectives[ | ]

Adjective - significant part speech, which, unlike, does not mean a process, does not name an object (like a noun). The adjective enters into certain syntactic and morphological connections with the noun, defining their qualitative characteristics.

What are adjectives used for?

No adjectives speech activity, literary creativity is impossible to imagine. Describing an object or phenomenon, adjective gives him full description, reveals quality, highlights distinctive features.

It's hard to describe what a day might be like without using adjectives.

When describing a day, adjectives give it a certain emotionally charged characteristic. The day can be warm, cold, boring, interesting, ordinary, difficult, successful, sad, funny, special, etc.

Let's take the word "morning". Let's consider what morning is like if we describe it using adjectives. It can be gloomy, sunny, summer or winter, autumn, spring, rainy and cloudy, frosty, cold or warm.

Depending on the adjective, subject noun can be personified, look bright, alive, animated.

Attention! Translated from Latin, the term adiectivum means “adjacent”, “adjacent”. The meaning fully characterizes this.

Adjective closely related with a pronoun or noun. Here it is appropriate to recall Mitrofanushka’s explanation from Fonvizin’s famous comedy. "The Minor" argued that the door belongs to the adjective because it is attached "to its place." Despite the grammatical nonsense regarding “fit,” there is a certain logic in Mitrofanushka’s reasoning.

Adjective categories

What type of adjective there is in , you can determine it by its lexical and grammatical features.

How to define a quality adjective?

Quality denote quality, properties, characteristics. They answer the question what? which? which? and point to:

Color - blue, purple;
Shape - oval, square;
Parameters: low, wide;
Temperature - hot, warm;
Weight - heavy, light;
Size – tiny, huge;
The sound is shrill, weak;
Space – left, far;
Physical and intellectual properties – smart, healthy;
Character traits - arrogant, kind;
General characteristics: negative, reliable.

Important! Qualitative adjectives are words that characterize objective features inherent in a particular object, living being, or phenomenon.

Relative answers the same questions as qualitative. Indicates:

Material: iron, wood;
Purpose, properties - folding, mobile;
Status – military, civilian;
Time – morning, evening;
Unit of measurement – one-story, two-meter;

Possessives indicate that an object belongs to another person (animal), answer the question whose? whose? whose?:

Grandma's table;
Fathers jacket;
Squirrel hollow;
Cat bowl.

Sentences with adjectives will help to consider the role of this part of speech in the descriptive characteristics of quality. Let's study examples of combinations with the word “estate”:

Big estate is a qualitative adjective denoting a certain size. Answers the question which?
Landowner estate - possessive adjective indicates ownership. Answers the question whose?
Wooden estate - this relative adjective denotes material and answers the question Which?

Important! The meanings of all types of adjectives are expressed in morphological categories gender (masculine/feminine/neuter), cases, and number (singular/plural)

Borrowed nouns of foreign origin, Having passed into the Russian language, they agree with adjectives in case, gender, number, without changing the form. For example: In the bedroom there were new beautiful blinds.

The concept of what happens jury, give adjectives: the jury can be city, local, school, strict, incorruptible, etc.

Attention! Sentences with adjectives combined with borrowed words show changes.

Foreign words remain static:

I found myself in clean compartment.
There was a cup on the table hot coffee.
There were new riding breeches.

Variety of quality

A real polyphony of characteristics can be expressed by evaluative adjectives.

Let's take the word "forest". What is it like if we use adjectives to characterize it?

The forest can be green, deaf, young, old, mysterious, dense, dense, fabulous, mysterious, distant, etc.

Evaluative adjectives are able to interpret a characteristic by generalizing it. Examples of evaluative interpretations:

Rationality (harmful, beneficial);
Quality (good, bad);
Emotionality (satisfaction, pleasure);
Communicativeness (agreement, disagreement, approval, etc.).

Important! Evaluative adjectives are qualitative adjectives that carry a special, generalized semantics of quality.

Useful class, "live" food (rationality);
Fiery speech, fabulous landscape (emotionality);
Filthy sidewalk, spoiled product (quality);
Friendly meeting, closed person (communication skills).

Evaluative adjectives play a big role in language. Depending on the meanings, they are used in everyday speech, business, literary, and the media.

Qualitative or relative?

Having found out what adjectives are, you can consider their differences.

How to determine which adjective is qualitative and which is relative or possessive? What kind of adjective happens will help determine the meaning of the word and its grammatical properties.

Let's look at what morning is like, describing it using adjectives.

Morning has appeared cold.(quality)
Morning autumn brought coolness. (relative)
Petino the morning started poorly. (possessive)

In the first example, a quality indicator (temperature). Qualitative adjectives capable of giving comparative characteristics: yesterday morning colder; With the coldest morning this week. They give shades of quality: they reduce properties or enhance them. For example: the water seemed coldish. In addition, adverbs are formed from them: Cold, Beautiful etc.

In the second case - relative adjective. It carries constant sign. Different from quality topics, which does not provide a comparison. It cannot be said that tomorrow morning will be more autumnal. In addition, these adjectives can be replaced with phrases: autumn leaves- autumn leaves, autumn signs - signs of autumn.

In the third example possessive adjective Petino means belonging. Answers the question whose?

Adjectives are qualitative, relative and possessive

Russian 6 Places of adjectives Qualitative adjectives

Conclusion

The specific nature of adjectives is especially clearly manifested in the Russian language, revealing the richest variety of its semantic properties.

In the section on the question People Urgent:. HOW TO DETERMINE QUALITATIVE, RELATIVE AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE??? given by the author European the best answer is

Qualitative adjectives denote the quality, property of an object: its size (large), shape (round), color (blue), physical characteristics(cold), as well as the tendency of the subject to perform an action (chatty).
Relative adjectives denote the attribute of an object through the relationship of this object to another object (book), action (reading) or another attribute (yesterday). Relative adjectives are formed from nouns, verbs and adverbs; the most common suffixes of relative adjectives are the suffixes -n- (forest-n-oy), -ov- (ezh-ov-y), -in- (topol-in-y), -sk- (warehouse-sk-oh) , -l- (run-l-y).
Possessive adjectives denote that an object belongs to a person or an animal and is formed from nouns with the suffixes -in- (mam-in), -ov- (otts-ov), -ii- (fox-ii). These suffixes appear at the end of the adjective stem (cf. the possessive adjective fathers-ov and the relative adjective fathers-ov-sk-ii).

Reply from $ALьGa [email protected] [active]

Reply from Beken Batyrgireev[newbie]
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Reply from Ask[newbie]

1) have cr. shape;

4) there is a degree of comparison;

denoting
1) place, time
2) action
3) purpose
4)material

or
husband. the genus has no ending.

Reply from Adapted[newbie]
you take your head and textbook, read the sentence, hit the wall with all your might, and so on..

Reply from ? ? ? [active]
1. Quality - handsome, thin, tall, cute, etc.
Relative - brick, red, urban, etc.
Possessive - mother's, fox's, grandmother's, sisters, etc.

Reply from Dashulya Demenkova[newbie]
The qualitative adjective denotes the quality of an object, i.e., a feature that an object may have to a greater or lesser extent: strong - stronger, very strong; tasty – more tasty, very tasty; beautiful - more beautiful, very beautiful.
Relative adjective The adjective indicates the connection of an object with another object, from the name of which this adjective is derived. In particular, the relative adjective indicates the material from which the object is made: china, iron bed; for the purpose of the subject: merchant fleet, receipt and expenditure book; on the relationship of an object to place, time: morning exercises, winter day, local climate. Relative adjectives are mostly formed from the roots of nouns: iron - iron, book - book, morning - morning.
A special case of relative adjectives are possessive adjectives.
Possessive adjectives indicate that a given object belongs to another object (person): uncle’s table, sister’s book, bear’s den.

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Reply from Danil Mikheev[newbie]

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Reply from Maria Isaeva[newbie]
Classes of adjectives by meaning
There are three categories of adjectives according to their meaning: qualitative, relative, possessive.

Qualitative adjectives differ from relative and possessive adjectives at all linguistic levels:
1) only qualitative adjectives denote a characteristic that can manifest itself to a greater or lesser extent;
2) qualitative adjectives can have antonyms (deep - shallow);
3) only qualitative adjectives can be non-derivative, relative and possessive are always derived from nouns, adjectives, verbs;
4) qualitative adjectives form nouns with the meaning of an abstract attribute (strictness) and adverbs ending in -o (strictly), as well as adjectives with a suffix of subjective assessment (sin-enk-y, evil-yush-y);
5) only qualitative adjectives have a full/short form and degrees of comparison;
6) qualitative adjectives are combined with adverbs of measure and degree (very large, but not *very reading).

Reply from Mishanya Strausov[newbie]
Classes of adjectives by meaning
There are three categories of adjectives according to their meaning: qualitative, relative, possessive.
Qualitative adjectives denote the quality, property of an object: its size (large), shape (round), color (blue), physical characteristics (cold), as well as the tendency of the object to perform an action (chatty).
Relative adjectives denote the attribute of an object through the relationship of this object to another object (book), action (reading) or another attribute (yesterday). Relative adjectives are formed from nouns, verbs and adverbs; the most common suffixes of relative adjectives are the suffixes -n- (forest-n-oy), -ov- (ezh-ov-y), -in- (topol-in-y), -sk- (warehouse-sk-oh) , -l- (run-l-y).
Possessive adjectives denote that an object belongs to a person or an animal and is formed from nouns with the suffixes -in- (mam-in), -ov- (otts-ov), -ii- (fox-ii). These suffixes appear at the end of the adjective stem (cf. the possessive adjective fathers-ov and the relative adjective fathers-ov-sk-ii).
Qualitative adjectives differ from relative and possessive adjectives at all linguistic levels:
1) only qualitative adjectives denote a characteristic that can manifest itself to a greater or lesser extent;
2) qualitative adjectives can have antonyms (deep - shallow);
3) only qualitative adjectives can be non-derivative, relative and possessive are always derived from nouns, adjectives, verbs;
4) qualitative adjectives form nouns with the meaning of an abstract attribute (strictness) and adverbs ending in -o (strictly), as well as adjectives with a suffix of subjective assessment (sin-enk-y, evil-yush-y);
5) only qualitative adjectives have a full/short form and degrees of comparison;
6) qualitative adjectives are combined with adverbs of measure and degree (very large, but not *very reading).

Reply from Marina Saf[guru]
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Reply from ***Love** *[newbie]
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Reply from Danil Milyaev[newbie]

evil-evil-evil--the most evil

Reply from Denis Banquetov[active]
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Reply from Sandra Hasvik[active]
open the textbook and teach yourself. Then we will remember it for the rest of our lives. this is useful not only in the field of the native language))

Reply from Oleksandr Khersonyuk[newbie]
hard endless fruitless work

Reply from Oberto Travaltan[newbie]
Need to learn

Reply from Ruslana Chudakova[newbie]
Qualitative denotes the characteristics of an object: color, taste, height, etc. BEAUTIFUL, SMALL, GREEN, SOFT, THIN...
Relative ones indicate a characteristic based on the material from which the object is made, and also indicate characteristics based on time, place, and purpose. BRICK building, MOSCOW streets, BOOK closet, AUTUMN DAY.. .
The possessive denotes the attribute of an object by its belonging to a person or animal. FATHERS' house, NATASHA'S doll, DOG HOUSE...
There are three moods: indicative, imperative, conditional.
I read, read, would read.
quality adjectives are those that (at least 3 out of 5)
1) have cr. shape;
2) can form a complex adjective through repetition;
3) can be used with the prefix -NOT-;
4) there is a degree of comparison;
5) can be combined with the words VERY, EXTREMELY, TOO.
Relative adjectives are
denoting
1) place, time
2) action
3) purpose
4)material
Possessive adjectives are
adj. +suffix ov, ev, in, yn, ii
or
husband. the genus has no ending.
I am writing briefly, BUT understandably.
Qualitative adjectives: beautiful - more beautiful
smart - smarter - smartest - smartest
evil-evil-evil--the most evil
kind-kinder-the kindest-the kindest
cold-colder--coldest-coldest
----These adjectives are called. QUALITATIVE, because degrees of comparison can be formed from them
Lunar, golden, wooden, steel, cosmic, etc. - degrees of comparison cannot be formed from them (it cannot be “goldier”, “woodier”, “steelier”, “cosmic”) - such adjectives are called. RELATIVE.
3rd category - possessive adjectives, they denote belonging and answer the questions: whose? whose? whose? whose? : mother’s (whose?) bag, bear’s (whose?) den, bird’s (whose?) nest, father’s (whose?) briefcase.
whatever you want to ask - write, I will answer

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