Rigging hooks. Marine dictionary

PENTER-GAK

Huck special type, tied into the sling of the lower block of fish hoists. It is laid behind the arm of the anchor when lifting the latter onto the rustic.

P.-G. there are one-horned And two-horned.

Samoilov K. I. Marine Dictionary. - M.-L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941

See what "PENTER-GAK" is in other dictionaries:

Penter gak, penter gak... Spelling dictionary-reference book

An iron hook of a special shape, used on ships for placing blocks or tackle in butts, rolls, etc. Parts of the hook: butt, toe and back. There are three types of hooks: simple, folding, swivel, cat hook, penter hook and crane hook. Simple G.... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

- (Fish) one of the gears used to remove the anchor on a ship. The f. consists of a fish pendant and hoists. The fish pendant is braided around the thimble of the penter hook and goes into the block on the fish beam and stretches along the deck with the tackle through the rosin block. If F. has... ... Marine Dictionary

Shtert, taken by the penter hook. This pin is used to lay the penter hook behind the anchor. The one-horned penter has one F.Sh., the two-horned one has two. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941 ... Marine Dictionary

Lifting chains and rigging equipment items

Lifting chains. In addition to cables, ships use rigging chains made of round steel, the diameter of which is the main parameter - the gauge that characterizes the size of the chain. Lifting chains are divided into calibrated and uncalibrated.

A calibrated chain has all links of the same size with very slight deviations, therefore it is used in lifting mechanisms to work on special sprocket drums. Significantly larger deviations are allowed in the dimensions of individual uncalibrated chains. These chains can be used for securing and lifting loads, as standing and running rigging and in some other cases. Lifting chains have good strength and significant durability, but they are heavy and have very little elasticity. In addition, during severe frosts, chains easily break from sharp blows.

Chains must be protected from corrosion by systematic lubrication, turning special attention to the points of contact between the links. They should be stored hanging in dry, ventilated areas. The chain folded into coils is subject to intense corrosion

Items of rigging equipment. The main items of rigging equipment on a modern ship are hooks, shackles, thimbles, turnbuckles, blocks, and hoists.

Hooks are steel hooks used on ships for various purposes (Fig. 20).

Rice. 20. Hooks: a - simple, b - rotated, c - swivel, d - double swivel, - d cargo, f - snores, g - penter-hook, z - verb-hack

Depending on the purpose, place of application and design, the following hooks are distinguished:

Simple ones, in which the plane of the butt is perpendicular to the plane of the toe;

Rotated, in which the butt and toe are in the same plane;

Swivel, having a hinged connection with the butt, which ensures rotation of the hook around the axis of the neck;

Double swivels, in which the hook can rotate around the axis of the neck, and the butt swings on the axis of the earring;

Weight hooks, or pendant hooks, have a toe curved inward, covered with a special protrusion, so that the hook does not touch protruding parts during operation;

Hrappers, consisting of two simple hooks, put on the butts on a common ring (eye); when folding the hooks, a closed ring is formed, which securely secures the tackle or sling;

Penter hooks, which have a pad in the lower part of the back for attaching a guy;

Verb-hooks are folding hooks in which the folding toe is held by a special link, knocking it down can easily give away the tackle even when it is pulled tight.

Hooks that work primarily in bending have relatively low strength, and therefore, when working with heavy loads, they should be replaced with rigging shackles.

A bracket (Fig. 21) is a curved rod with eyes at the ends through which a pin is threaded. Most often, the pin is secured with a screw thread, which is located at its end and in one of the eyes. In this case, the head of the pin has a small butt, into which a pile is placed when screwing and unscrewing. In heavy-duty brackets, the pin is not threaded and is secured with a cotter pin.

Figure 21. Rigging shackles. a - straight line for steel cable, b - straight for plant cable, c - round

The shape of the rigging shackles can be straight or round. Straight ones are used for steel and plant cables. In the latter case, with the same rod diameter, the bracket has a larger width. Round brackets are used only for plant cables.

For fastening various parts Using a hook or brackets, round or oblong eyes - butts - are welded to the ship's hull. Rings - eyelets - are often passed through the butts, which simplifies the installation of a hook or staple.

Hooks and brackets must be systematically inspected and, if cracks, bends and significant wear are found, replaced with new ones. Swivel hooks should be periodically “walked around” and the rubbing parts should be lubricated.

Thimbles (Fig. 22) are round, triangular or teardrop-shaped metal frames that have a groove on the outer surface and serve to seal the ends of the cable in cases where they are attached to the butts or connected to each other with staples and protect the cables from chafing.

Lanyards (Fig. 23) are devices for tightening various gear, as well as for securely fastening various objects and loads while traveling. The most common is a screw lanyard, which consists of a coupling connecting two screws: one with a right-hand thread and the other with a left-hand thread. When the coupling is rotated in one direction or another, the screws will simultaneously be unscrewed or screwed in, increasing or decreasing the length of the lanyard. Depending on the purpose of the lanyards, the screws may end with hooks, staples or butts.

Rice. 23. Lanyards: a - open; b - closed; c - swivel; 1-hook; 2-bracket; 3-screws; 4-clutch; 5-butt

Screw lanyards require constant maintenance. They must always be free of rust and lubricated. In all possible cases, and especially during repairs or long-term lay-up of the vessel, the turnbuckles should be covered with painted canvas covers, having previously lubricated them.

Blocks (Fig. 24) are devices used for lifting weights and changing the direction of traction. The block consists of a housing, inside of which there is one or more pulleys rotating on an axis (pin). The pulleys have a groove around their circumference (keep) that prevents the cable from coming off the pulley. Depending on the number of pulleys, one-, two-, three- and multi-pulley blocks are distinguished.

On ships, metal blocks are mainly used and only when working with plant cables - wooden and plastic ones. To equip the blocks, the cable must be passed between the cheeks. However, threading the cable from the end is inconvenient and sometimes impossible if the cable is taut. Therefore, single-pulley blocks with a folding cheek are used. Such blocks are called rosin blocks. The folding jaw allows you to insert the middle of the cable into the block without threading it from the end.

When working with blocks, it is necessary to ensure that their dimensions correspond to the cables used. Blocks with insufficient pulley diameters cause excessive bending of the cables, which leads to their premature wear. The diameter of the metal block pulley must be at least 10-15 times the diameter of the steel cable. For plant cables, the diameter of the pulley should be twice the circumference of the cable.

Blocks require constant maintenance. They must be periodically disassembled, cleaned of dirt and rust, and lubricated rubbing parts. During disassembly, the block is carefully inspected and, if cracks and significant wear of the dowel or pulley are found, replaced with a new one.

Hoists (Fig. 25) are the simplest lifting mechanisms consisting of blocks. Between the blocks there is a cable called a shovel. The end of the lever, for which traction is performed, is called the running end, and the fixed end is called the root end. One of the blocks, fixed in place, is called stationary, and the second, rising along with the load, is called movable.

Fig. 24. Blocks: a- metal, b- rosin blocks

Rice. 25. Hoists: a - for lifting loads, b - for tightening gear, 1-fixed block; 2-movable block; 3-way end of the lapar

Hoists are usually used to gain strength when lifting heavy objects and only in some cases to change the direction of traction.

When lifting using hoists, the weight of the load is distributed equally across all branches of the lopar. Therefore, to lift a load to the running end of the paddle, it is enough to apply a force N times less than the weight of the load being lifted, i.e.:

Q=P/N

where N is the number of loaded branches of the lapar.

In this case, if the running end of the plow leaves the stationary block, it is not counted in the total number of loaded branches and, therefore, the gain in strength will be equal to total number pulleys in movable and fixed blocks. In maritime practice, especially when pulling gear, rigging is also used in which the running end of the lopar comes off the movable block. In this case, the running end must be taken into account along with other branches of the lapar, so the gain will be equal to the total number of pulleys plus one.

Thus, the gain in strength is various schemes hoist bases equal to the number branches of the lopar going from the movable block to the fixed one, including the running end.

There are hoists various designs and load capacity (Fig. 26). Most simple view The hoist is a gantry - a stationary single-pulley block through which a cable is passed. The use of a gorden does not provide a gain in strength, but it allows you to change the direction of thrust. Therefore, the arbor is used only for lifting small loads.

Widely used on ships are grab hoists, which are mounted between two- and one-pulley blocks, with the root end of the lopar fixed to a single-pulley block. These hoists are used for lifting small loads, cleaning ladders and performing other ship work.

Fig 26 Types of hoists: a - gorden, b - grip of the hoist, gintsy, d - gini

Small hoists, based between blocks with the same number of pulleys and wound behind some kind of tackle to tighten it, are called gintsy. When there are more than three pulleys in each block, such hoists are called gins. Ginis are used when lifting heavy loads.

The founding of hoists (Fig. 27), i.e., insertion of the cable into the block system, is usually done with blocks laid on the cheek; The hooks or staples must be located outward. The root end of the lopar is passed sequentially through all the pulleys, starting with the lower pulley that block, which should be the top one. The lapar should be passed clockwise, since with such a base the hoists will spin and get tangled less. When the shovel passes through all the pulleys, its root end is secured to a special bracket located on one of the blocks. When founding multi-pulley hoists (guineas), the root end is first passed through the middle pulley. In this case, the running end will also move off the middle pulley of the upper block, which prevents the blocks from skewing during traction.

Rice. 27. Base of hoists: agintsy; b - gini (diagram), 1 - upper block; 2- root end; 3-bottom block, 4-way end; I-VII - sequence of guiding the Lapp

When working with hoists, sharp jerks should be avoided, which can lead to breakage of the paddle or damage to the blocks. When lifting a load, do not allow the lower block to be pulled close to the upper one.

Rice. 28. Rigging equipment used for securing containers

All rubbing parts of the blocks should be well lubricated. After completing the work, the hoists must be carefully laid out, avoiding tangling of the lopar. To properly lay the hoists, they are carried on the deck and the running end is laid with hoists or rolled into a round coil. Then the lopars of the hoists are intercepted in several places with a pile heel and the hoists are laid in a coil.

The hoists should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated area, hanging. If they are stored long time, then they must be taken out periodically to dry.

All items of rigging equipment must bear the mark of the Register or the manufacturer.

Rigging equipment used for securing containers. Reliable fastening of containers, especially those transported on deck, required the introduction of special devices and parts. Their remarkable feature is clear standardization and typification, which allows these devices to be used for almost all types of containers transported by sea vessels.

In Fig. 28 shows the most common parts and assemblies of container fastenings.

Conical grips (conlocks) (Fig. 28, a) are designed for connecting containers to each other or to the deck. Locking grips (twist locks) (Fig. 28, b, c) are equipped with automatic or manual locking device. Screw clamp fittings (breeches) (Fig. 28, d) usually press rows of containers one against the other or against the side of the ship. In Fig. 28, d shows recessed fittings (steps), which include conical or locking grips. Supporting plates for containers are shown in Fig. 28, f. The butts or fittings recessed into the deck shown in Fig. 28 are intended for fastening lashings or chains that tighten rows of containers. Fastening chains equipped with hooks or quick-release fasteners are shown in Fig. 28, h, and cable lashings - in Fig. 28, i.

PENTER-GAK -

PENTER-GAK

P.-G. there are one-horned And two-horned.

Samoilov K. I., 1941

Hook in maritime affairs

Gak (mor.)

PENTER-GAK

- a special type of hook, tied into the sling of the lower block of fish hoists. It is laid behind the arm of the anchor when lifting the latter onto the rustic.

P.-G. there are one-horned And two-horned.

Samoilov K. I. Marine Dictionary. - M.-L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941

Hook in maritime affairs Hook in maritime affairs is an iron hook of a special shape, used on ships for placing blocks or tackle in butts, rolls, etc. Parts of the hook: butt, toe and back. There are three types of hooks: simple, folding, swivel, cat-hook, pen-hook and crane hook. Simple G. is used almost everywhere in armament

Hook (nautical) Hook (nautical) an iron hook of a special shape, used on ships for placing blocks or tackle in butts, rolls, etc. Parts of the hook: butt, toe and back. There are three types of hooks: simple, folding, swivel, cat-hook, pen-hook and crane hook. Simple guns are used almost everywhere in a ship's armament. Skla

In addition to cables, ships use rigging chains made of round steel, the diameter of which is the main parameter - the gauge that characterizes the dimensions of the chain. Rigging chains are divided into calibrated and uncalibrated.

A calibrated chain has all links of the same size with very slight deviations, which is why it is used in lifting mechanisms for working on special sprocket drums.

Significantly larger deviations are allowed in the dimensions of individual uncalibrated circuits. These chains can be used for securing and lifting loads, as standing and running rigging and in some other cases. Rice. 1 Hooks: a - simple, b - rotated, c - swivel, d - double swivel, d - cargo, f - snores, g - penter-hack, z - verb-hack

Lifting chains have good strength and significant durability, but they have a large mass and very little elasticity. In addition, during severe frosts, chains easily break from sharp blows.

Chains must be protected from corrosion by systematic lubrication, paying special attention to the contact points of the links. They should be stored hanging in dry, ventilated areas. A chain folded into coils is subject to intense corrosion.

Items of rigging equipment

The main items of rigging equipment on a modern ship are hooks, shackles, thimbles, turnbuckles, blocks, and hoists.

Gakami are steel hooks used on ships for various purposes (Fig. 1).

Depending on the purpose, place of application and design, the following hooks are distinguished:

Simple ones, in which the plane of the butt is perpendicular to the plane of the toe;
Rotated, in which the butt and toe are in the same plane;
Swivels, having a hinged connection with the butt, which ensures rotation of the hook around the axis of the neck;
Double swivels, in which the hook can rotate around the axis of the neck, and the butt swings on the axis of the earring;
Weight hooks, or pendant hooks, have a toe curved inward, covered with a special protrusion, so the hook does not touch protruding parts during operation;
Hrappers, consisting of two simple hooks, put on the butts on a common ring (eye); when folding the hooks, a closed ring is formed, which reliably secures the tackle or sling;
Penter hooks, which have a pad in the lower part of the back for attaching a guy;
Verb-hooks are folding hooks in which the folding toe is held in place by a special link, knocking down which can easily give away the tackle even when it is pulled tight.

Hooks that work primarily in bending have relatively low strength, and therefore, when working with heavy loads, they should be replaced with rigging shackles.

Bracket(Fig. 2) - a curved rod with eyes at the ends into which the pin is threaded; most often the pin is secured with a screw thread, which is available at its end and in one of the eyes. In this case, the head of the pin has a small butt, into which a pile is placed when screwing and unscrewing. In heavy-duty brackets, the pin is not threaded and is secured with a cotter pin.

The shape of the rigging brackets can be straight or round. Straight ones are used for steel and plant cables. In the latter case, with the same diameter of the rod, the bracket has a larger width. Round brackets are used only for plant cables.

Rice. 2 Rigging shackles a - straight for steel cable, b - straight for plant cable, c - round

To fasten various parts using a hook or brackets, round or oblong eyes - butts - are welded to the ship's hull. Rings - eyelets - are often passed through the butts, which simplifies the installation of a hook or staple.

Hooks and staples must be systematically inspected and, if cracks, bends and significant wear are found, replaced with new ones. Swivel hooks should be periodically “walked around” and the rubbing parts should be lubricated.

(Fig. 3) - round, triangular or drop-shaped frames made of metal, having a groove on the outer surface and serving to seal the ends of the cable in cases where they are attached to the butts or connected to each other with staples and protect the cables from chafing.

Rice. 3 Throats: a—heart-shaped, b—round

(Fig. 4) - devices for tightening various gear, as well as for securely fastening various objects and loads while traveling. The most common is a screw lanyard, which consists of a coupling that connects two screws: one with a right-hand thread and the other with a left-hand thread. When the coupling is rotated in one direction or another, the screws will simultaneously be unscrewed or screwed in, increasing or decreasing the length of the lanyard. Depending on the purpose of the lanyards, the screws may end with hooks, staples or butts.

Rice. 4 Lanyards: a - open; b - closed; c - swivel; 1 - hook; 2 - bracket; 3 - screws; 4 - coupling; 5 - butt

(Fig. 5)—devices used for lifting heavy objects and changing the direction of thrust. The block consists of a housing, inside of which there is one or more pulleys rotating on an axis (pin). The pulleys have a groove (keep) around their circumference that prevents the cable from coming off the pulley. Depending on the number of pulleys, there are one, two, three and multi-pulley blocks.

On ships, metal blocks are mainly used, and only when working with plant cables - wooden and plastic ones. To equip blocks, the cable must be passed between the cheeks. However, threading the cable from the end is inconvenient and sometimes impossible if the cable is taut. Therefore, single-pulley blocks with a folding cheek are used. Such blocks are called rosin blocks. The folding jaw allows you to insert the middle of the cable into the block without threading it from the end.

Rice. 5 Blocks: a - metal, b - rosin blocks

(Fig. 6) - the simplest lifting mechanisms consisting of blocks. Between the blocks there is a cable called a shovel. The end of the lever, for which traction is performed, is called the running end, and the fixed end is called the root end. One of the blocks, fixed in place, is called stationary, and the second, rising along with the load, is called movable.

Rice. 6 Hoists: a - for lifting loads, b - for tightening gear, 1 - fixed block; 2 - movable block; 3 — running end of the lapar

Hoists are usually used to gain strength when lifting heavy objects and only in some cases to change the direction of the pull.

When lifting using hoists, the weight of the load is distributed equally across all branches of the lopar. Therefore, to lift the load to the running end of the paddle, it is enough to apply a force, in n times less than the weight of the load being lifted, i.e.

where n is the number of loaded branches of the lapar.

Moreover, if the running end of the lopar comes off the fixed block, it is not counted in the total number of loaded branches and, therefore, the gain in force will be equal to the total number of pulleys in the moving and fixed blocks. In maritime practice, especially when pulling gear, rigging is also used in which the running end of the lopar comes off the movable block. In this case, the running end must be taken into account along with other branches of the lapar, so the gain will be equal to the total number of pulleys plus one.

Rice. 7 Types of hoists: a - gorden, b - grip hoist, c - gintsy, d - gini

Thus, the gain in strength for different hoist base schemes is equal to the number of branches of the lopar going from the movable block to the non-movable one, including the running end.

Hoists come in different designs and load capacities (Fig. 7). The simplest type of hoist is a hoist - a fixed single-pulley block through which a cable is passed. The use of a gorden does not provide a gain in strength, but it allows you to change the direction of thrust. Therefore, the arbor is used only for lifting small loads.

Widely used on ships are grabs, which are based between two and one-pulley blocks, and the root end of the shovel is fixed to a single-pulley block. These hoists are used for lifting small loads, cleaning ladders and performing other ship work.

The base of the hoists (Fig. 8), i.e. inserting the cable into the block system is usually done with blocks laid on the cheek; hooks or staples must be located outwards. The root end of the lopar is passed sequentially through all the pulleys, starting with the lower pulley of the block that should be the upper one.

The lapar should be passed clockwise, since with such a base the hoists will spin and get tangled less. When the shovel passes through all the pulleys, its root end is secured to a special bracket located on one of the blocks. When founding high-noise hoists (guineas), the root end is first passed through the middle pulley. In this case, the running end will also move off the middle pulley of the upper block, which prevents the blocks from skewing during traction.

Rice. 8 Foundation of hoists: a - gnits; b - tini (diagram), 1 - upper block; 2 - root end; 3 - lower block; 4 — running end; I - VII - sequence of piloting the Lapp

All rubbing parts of the blocks should be well lubricated. After completing the work, the hoists must be carefully laid out, avoiding tangling of the hoist. To properly lay the hoists, they are carried on the deck and the running end is laid with hoists or rolled into a round coil. Then the hoists are intercepted in several places with a pile heel and the hoists are laid in a coil.

The hoists should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated area, hanging. If they are stored for a long time, they must be periodically taken out to dry.

All items of rigging equipment must bear the mark of the Register or the manufacturer.

Rigging equipment used when securing containers

Reliable fastening of containers, especially those transported on deck, required the introduction of special devices and parts. Their remarkable feature is their clear standardization and typification, which makes it possible to use these devices for almost all types of containers transported by sea vessels.

In Fig. Figure 9 shows the most common parts and assemblies of container fastenings.

Rice. 9 Rigging equipment used for securing containers

Conical grippers (conlocks) (Fig. 9, A) designed for connecting containers to each other or to the deck. Locking grips (twist locks) (Fig. 9, b, c) equipped with an automatic or manual locking device. Screw clamps - fittings (breeches) (Fig. 9, G) Usually rows of containers are pressed against each other or against the side of the ship. In Fig. 9, d shown are recessed fittings (steps) that include cone or locking jaws.

Support plates for containers are shown in Fig. 9, e. Shown in Fig. 9, and cleats or fittings recessed into the deck are designed to attach lashings or chains that tighten rows of containers. Fastening chains equipped with hooks or quick-acting fastenings are shown in Fig. 9, h, and the cable lashings are shown in Fig. 9, And.

Penter-huck

Together or separately? Spelling dictionary-reference book. - M.: Russian language. B. Z. Bukchina, L. P. Kakalutskaya. 1998 .

See what "penter-gak" is in other dictionaries:

A special type of hook, tied into the sling of the lower block of fish hoists. It is laid behind the arm of the anchor when lifting the latter onto the rustic. Penter like that. P.G. are one-horned and two-horned. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Naval... ... Naval Dictionary