Perhaps not a single work by Tyutchev has been given so many contradictory interpretations as the poem “Silentium”.
Leo Tolstoy marked this poem with the letter “G” - “depth” - in the margins of the 1886 edition, meaning not only the depth of universal human content, but also the depth of Tyutchev’s lyricism, expressed in “Silentium!” Tolstoy noted this poem in the “Reading Circle” on September 30 as an epigraph to the reflections offered to readers that day: “The more secluded a person is, the more he hears the voice of God always calling him.” “In the important matters of life we ​​are always alone, and our real story can almost never be understood by others. The best part of this drama is the monologue, or rather the intimate discussion between God, our conscience and us. Amiel”, “Pascal says: a man must die alone. This is how a person should live. The main thing in life is that a person is always alone, that is, not with people, but with God” - these are quotes from Amiel and Pascal, given right there in the “Reading Circle”. There is no end to the variety of deep, hidden meanings of Tyutchev’s poem.
Here is the point of view of K. D. Balmont: “Tyutchev understood the need for that great silence, from the depths of which, as from an enchanted cave, illuminated by an inner light, transformed beautiful ghosts emerge.” According to K. Balmont, the poem “Silentium!”: about the essence of the creative process, about the act of creativity, interpreted from the standpoint of idealism.
V. Ivanov: “the word has ceased to be equivalent to the content of internal experience.” Following Vyacheslav Ivanov, a modern researcher of symbolism and modernism, I. Angere: “Tyutchev suggests that the world, especially the invisible one, is so diverse and complex that to express the real phenomena of life, the generally accepted human language is too poor and that is the reason for the falsity of our speech: “How express yourself to your heart? The thought expressed is a lie.”
Proceeding to the direct analysis of the construction and expressive means poem “Silentium!”, which has remained forever in the history of Russian and world lyric poetry as one of the deepest insights into the inner life of the human soul, I will make a reservation that, just as each era creates its own Hamlet, each generation reads and will read “Silentium” in its own way !”.
The text of “Contemporary” of 1836, recognized as the main one in most editions of Tyutchev’s poems, was chosen as the main text for analysis:

Silentium!
Be silent, hide and hide
And your feelings and dreams -
Let it be in the depths of your soul
They get up and go in

Admire them - and be silent.

How can the heart express itself?
How can someone else understand you?
Will he understand what you live for?
A spoken thought is a lie.
Exploding, you will disturb the keys,
Feed on them - and be silent.

Just know how to live within yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysteriously magical thoughts;
They will be deafened by the outside noise,
Daylight rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing - and be silent!...

“Each of his poems began with a thought, but a thought that, like a fiery point, flared up under the influence of a deep feeling or strong impression; As a result of this... its origin, Mr. Tyutchev’s thought never appears naked and abstract to the reader, but always merges with an image taken from the world of the soul or nature, is imbued with it and itself penetrates it inseparably and inextricably,” wrote Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.
In the title itself one senses solemnity, consisting in the fact that Tyutchev called the poem not with the Russian word “Silence”, but with the Latin “Silentium!”
Among the best Tyutchev poems “Silentium!” has a very special destiny. The poet did not keep drafts; in the editions of his poems, the section “Other editions and variants” is extremely poor; “Silentium!” - the only work that has come down to us in three editions. These editions testify not to a thorough search for the word, but to the incomplete negligence of the author, either vaguely, from memory, reproducing a forgotten text, or not at all in need of an accurate recording of his brilliant creation.
“Be silent, hide and conceal / And your thoughts and dreams,” Tyutchev writes in “Rumor” of 1833. “And your feelings and dreams” - Sovremennik, 1836. “Let it be in the depths of your soul/
They get up and disappear...” - “Rumour”. “They get up and come in” - “Contemporary”. “And they rise and set” - “Contemporary” 1854. “Like peaceful stars in the night” - “Rumour”. “Silent as stars in the night” – “Contemporary”. “Like clear stars in the night” - “Contemporary” 1854. It is easy to explain the first of the changes, “And thoughts and dreams” to “And feelings and dreams.” The number of sonorants in the first two lines may seem excessive, especially the syllables: “mo”, “we”, “me”, and the abrupt “h” sets the tone for the first stanza. Other changes are more difficult to explain.
Such freedom of handling his own text was not characteristic of Tyutchev either in the early period of his work, when he translated Horace, imitated Zhukovsky and Batyushkov, and was carried away by Derzhavin, nor in the late period of the 1850-1860s, when Tyutchev’s lyrics can be considered one of the remarkable achievements of Russian realism in lyric poetry.
Eighteen lines are divided into three sextins. Each of the three parts is closed in itself – in meaning, intonation, syntactically and musically. The connection of parts is only in the development of thought. The only formal detail with which the poet allows himself to reinforce and emphasize the unity of the three parts is the last lines of the sextin:

Silently, like stars in the night, -
Admire them - and be silent.
Exploding, you will disturb the keys, -
Feed on them - and be silent.
Daylight rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing - and be silent!...

Persistent repetition - this technique prevails in the poem, structured as a call, as a conviction, as a desire to explain.
Re-reading the poem again and again, oversaturated with imperative intonation, we are convinced that it does not have the nature of an argument and it does not have an addressee - a person with whom one is arguing. In the poem “Silentium!” no controversy. Rather, it consoles the despairing, explains to the confused, to another or to oneself how to live in the world. “Just as human thought is powerless, so is the human word. It is not surprising that in one of the most sincere poems Tyutchev left us such stern advice,” writes Valery Bryusov.
The first stanza is an energetic conviction, a strong-willed pressure, addressed either to oneself or to another, but to the dear and weak, in need of help with a word from a more experienced person or simply oneself, but matured: “Be silent, hide and conceal...” . And then there is calm: your feelings will not die from this, but will live the same life, rise and fall in the depths of your soul, “like stars in the night,” “admire them.” The older friend carefully protects the younger; a matured person teaches a young romantic, in whose soul the beautiful stars of feelings and dreams rise and set. This is the first stanza.
In the second stanza, energetic pressure and perseverance give way to conviction with the help of logical thinking and evidence. Three extremely pressing questions:

How can the heart express itself?
How can someone else understand you?
Will he understand what you live for?

follows aphoristically succinctly: “A thought expressed is a lie.” Here is what V. Bryusov writes about this: “From the consciousness of the incomprehensibility of the world, something else follows - the impossibility of expressing one’s soul, telling one’s thoughts to another... If “thought,” that is, all rational knowledge, is a lie, then one has to value and cherish everything unreasonable forms of comprehending the world: dream, fantasy, sleep.” The second stanza talks about the ability to convey in words the life of the heart and soul. “Speakable thought” is not just a thought spoken, pronounced, it is also the antonym of the word “inexpressible.” The meaning of the word is extraordinary, indescribable. Therefore, the spoken is also the ordinary. I think that for readers of the nineteenth century this meaning of the word “spoken” was much more obvious, lay closer to the surface, than for us.
Tyutchev is unusually stingy with tropes in “Silentium!” There are three images in three stanzas: the comparison “Silent as stars in the night”, the parallel of the soul with unclouded keys and the image of daylight rays dispersing the world of “mysteriously magical thoughts”. Stars and keys are images expressing the inner life of the soul, daylight rays are a symbol of the outer world.
Mysteriously magical thoughts are not thoughts, they are romantic dreams. Contacts with real life they can't stand it:

They will be deafened by the outside noise,
Daylight rays will disperse, -

The poem begins with the call “Be silent!”, and each of the three stanzas ends with the same call:
Admire them - and be silent,
Feed on them - and be silent,
Listen to their singing - and be silent.

Based on the article I read by N. Koroleva, I want to say that lyrically the poem “Silentium!” designed in the neutral lyrical style of the 1830s with words of high style: “one”, “stars” instead of “stars”. In parallel with high-style words, colloquial syntax is used.

Let it be in the depths of your soul

Opinions about the size that says “Silentium!” are separated. This is the point of view held by N. Koroleva, whose article I read: “To say about “Silentium!” that this poem is written in iambic tetrameter is tantamount to saying nothing. The rhythm of Tyutchev's poem and the line stress system are free from conventional verse meter. Fantastic theories arose about the size of this poem, that it was written in iambic with the inclusion of three lines of amphibrach... Apparently, another key must be found to the music of Tyutchev’s verse.” If we come to reveal the secret of the rhythm of Tyutchev’s “Silentium!” from another point of view, it turns out that it is written mainly in a three-stress line:

Be silent, hide and hide
And your feelings and dreams -
Let it be in the depths of your soul
They get up and go in
Silently, like stars in the night, -
Admire them - and be silent.

“Tyutchev masterfully knew how to use interruptions in rhythm, emphasizing with them the meaning of the verse. At the break of the line beginning with the word “daytime,” the rhythm, as if stumbling, forms a pause and thereby emphasizes its cherished meaning,” writes A. Gorelov about the rhythm of Tyutchev’s poem.
In his “Silentium!” the poet calls on the romantic to listen to the singing of “mysteriously magical thoughts” in his own soul. Harmony of proportionality of parts, harmony of meaning and form, phrases and lines - these are the main means by which Tyutchev created his great masterpiece of romantic lyrics - 18 lines about silence.

Composition

In 1830, Tyutchev wrote the poem “Silentium” (“Silence”). The leading theme of “Silentiuma” is connected with the inner world of man, this is a story about the mystery of his feelings and thoughts:

* Be silent, hide and hide
* And your feelings and dreams
* Let it be in the depths of your soul
* They get up and go in
* Silent, like stars in the night,
* Admire them and remain silent.
* How the heart can express itself:
* How can someone else understand you:
* Will he understand what you live for:
* A thought expressed is a lie.
* By exploding, you will disturb the keys, * Feed on them and be silent.
* Just know how to live within yourself
* There is a whole world in your soul
* Mysteriously magical thoughts;
* They will be deafened by outside noise,
* Daylight rays will disperse,
* Listen to their singing - and be silent!..

This poem describes mental loneliness people and the poet himself. A person’s thoughts are doomed to silence, just like the “stars in the night.” Tyutchev is trying to say that words are nothing compared to thoughts. With the poem “Silentium...” he seemed to have foreseen his silence and accepted it as a life, poetic program. Tyutchev passed through himself, throughout his whole life, the meaning of this poem. And it seems to me that this is precisely the style of Tyutchev’s lyrics: in the fact that he surrenders completely to his thoughts, if Fet tried to correct his thoughts with a sense of proportion, content and calm, then F.I. Tyutchev reached to the very depths of his thoughts, emotions exploded; Fet, analyzing his poem “Italian Villa,” argued: “Artistic charm... died from an excess of content.” But I believe that the author in the first 5-6 quatrains shows us calm and it is with this that he leads us to some kind of ambiguity and cruelty. The harmony of nature, the vastness of the Universe is contrasted with the closed world of the human heart, frozen in anxious anticipation of an empty, evil life, which turns love into fatal enmity, the outcome of which is death:

*What is this, friend? Or knowing life for a reason,
* That life - alas! - what was flowing in us then,
* That evil life, with its rebellious heat,
*Have you crossed the cherished threshold?
* The theme of nature in Tyutchev’s works

The poetry of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a classic example of versification from the golden age of Russian poetry. The ease and smoothness of language, the melodiousness and musicality of the verse are distinctive features lyrics of that period, which the author embodied in his work. The most interesting direction of this poet’s creative energy is considered philosophical lyrics. In particular, researchers and readers are interested in the interpretation famous poem"Silentium" (which means "silence").

F. M. Tyutchev composed the poem “Silentium” in 1830, but published it for the first time only 3 years later in the magazine “Rumor”. Three years later, the work took pride of place in the more prestigious Sovremennik publication, and was published there several times. The lyrical appeal was noted by prominent representatives of the era. For example, Leo Tolstoy rated him extremely highly, speaking about the exceptional depth of the poet’s thought. The writer also led an ascetic lifestyle and fully embodied the behests of Fyodor Ivanovich.

The origin of the title of the work is curious. The history of the creation of “Silentium” began in Germany, when the author served in the embassy and attended lectures at the University of Munich. There, a pithy Latin expression served as a call for silence and attention when the lesson began. The same word was used to preface toasts at student feasts. It was then that Tyutchev thought about the original title for his call for silence, which should preserve sublime thoughts as such, and not drop them in countless attempts to be understood.

Genre and size

In his mature years, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was fascinated by the works of ancient Greek thinkers, so his lyrics acquired philosophical direction. The genre of “Silentium” is called “lyric poem” (it is also called a fragment). It is characterized by brevity, clarity, absence of heroes and plot. The main object of attention of the artist of words are his own thoughts and feelings. The didactic, persuasive intonation originates from the ode. She “inherited” from this genre the pathos and pressure that are necessary to realize the author’s plan. “Be silent, hide and hide,” is an imperious order that is repeated three times, lingering in the memory for a long time.

The work is written in sextins, the meter of the poem “Silentium” is iambic tetrameter. This form simplifies perception and makes the message clear and intelligible. The extreme asceticism of the design only complements the author's idea: there is no need to produce an external effect, the main thing is to have a rich internal content. Likewise, “Silence” does not shine with the gloss of sophisticated stylistics, but captivates with the depth of its idea.

Composition

The poem "Silentium" consists of 18 lines, divided into three six-line lines. Each of them is relatively independent both in semantic and intonation-syntactic terms. However, the development of the lyrical theme holds them together as a single compositional whole. Among the formal means, the author chooses homogeneous end rhymes. These are precise, masculine, percussive rhymes that focus the reader’s attention on the main points of the work.

1. In the first stanza lyrical hero addresses the reader with a fiery speech calling on him to keep sincere feelings and thoughts in the depths of his soul.
2. In the second stanza, the imperative intonation becomes persuasive; it explains why sincere impulses of the mind and heart need to be restrained and hidden. The author logically proves his point of view.
3. In the third stanza, the author formulated a threat that promises trouble for those who wanted to lay out all their ins and outs:

Just know how to live within yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysteriously magical thoughts;
They will be deafened by the outside noise,
Daylight rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing - and be silent!

“Mysterious thoughts” return the thought to the first stanza; they are similar to “feelings and dreams”, which, like living beings, “both rise and set” - that is, these are not thoughts, but shades of states of the soul, feelings and dreams. The rays can “disperse” them and “deafen” the outside noise.

Subject

• Integrity of the inner world- This is the main theme of the poem "Silentium". By expressing everything to everyone, a person will only violate inner harmony. It is better to stay in it and develop, so that only close people appreciate the riches of the soul. The bustle of life and the turmoil of everyday life distract a person, his sensory world suffers from contact with harsh reality. Therefore, the life of the soul should not go beyond its boundaries; only within will it maintain harmony.
• Lie. Silence will provide a person with the necessary purity of thoughts, unclouded by the desire to please and produce an effect. The uttered thought already has a selfish motive to cause a certain reaction in the interlocutor, that is, its meaning is distorted depending on the intonation and context. Therefore, this or that idea acquires its true sound only in the head, and all further reproductions of it change the original meaning, it becomes overgrown with falsehood.
• Loneliness. In this context, the author calls on a person to solitude in the name of creation. It allows him to get as close to the truth as possible. In endless conversations, on the contrary, any, even the most truthful, thought becomes banal.

main idea

The lyrical hero does not even mean thoughts, but a spiritual essence that cannot be conveyed in words. A feeling enclosed in the robe of everyday conversation will be fragmentary, incomplete, false, because it will not be fully expressed. The meaning of the poem “Silentium” is that, trying to bring down on people his revelations about the life of the soul, a person will not achieve his goal, he will ruin and vulgarize everything.

Exploding, you will disturb the keys, -
Feed on them - and be silent.

The eternal disunity of people, which we are afraid of and are trying to overcome, is shown by the author in these lines. Pouring out your soul is not a solution, because all people are different and many are simply not able to understand each other. The beauty of our world lies in the diversity of people, characters, types, so we cannot consider it a problem, leveling a person on a Procrustean bed. Everyone doesn't have to understand one thing. To avoid conflict, we can reveal the depths of our soul only to a very close circle: family or bosom friend. This peculiar selectivity lies in main idea Tyutchev in the poem “Silentium”.

Artistic means of expression

Tyutchev, as was already said at the beginning of the article, does not focus on the form of the work. He is attracted by the brevity and simplicity of the style, which provide the reader with the main thing - understanding. Ornate phrases, of course, look original, but do not correspond to the ideological and thematic originality of the poem. Thus, the tropes in “Silentium” are not striking, but emphasize the essence of what is written. They force you to look between the lines and reflect on what the author is expressing.

The verse includes the following figurative and expressive means: epithets (“mysteriously magical thoughts”), comparisons and metaphors (“Let them rise and set silently in the depths of their souls, like stars in the night...”). “One” is a lexical form belonging to the high style. Such words can be found in Derzhavin’s odes, for example. Here it is used as a tribute to tradition and atmosphere, setting the reader in a solemn mood. The poet also gives birth to real aphorisms: “A thought expressed is a lie.” This expression can often be found today without reference to the author, because it has become truly popular catchphrase. In addition, Tyutchev creates gentle alliteration: “They will be deafened by the external noise.” This sound effect gives the feeling of a whisper.

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An example of deep philosophy is the poem “Silentium,” which translated from Latin means “Silence.” It is perceived as a prophecy of the human soul, dooming it to eternal loneliness. Tyutchev perceived each person as a cosmos, a boundless, bottomless world that cannot get along with other worlds, that is, souls. The title of the poem sounds very mysterious. It reflects the author’s opinion about the existence of man in this world, about his being. A person is very deep and unknowable, both for others and for himself. Therefore, the poet condemns him to eternal silence. The poem is structured as a kind of appeal to the reader, which can be taken as advice or teaching. It consists of three six-line stanzas. Each consists of a quatrain with parallel rhyme and a couplet. The beginning of the poem sounds like a lesson. The author advises the reader to remain silent and hide, because, as I already said, he is still doomed to spiritual loneliness. In the poem “Silentium,” the author paints a picture of the human soul, depicting it as a universe filled with myriads of stars. They are the feelings and thoughts of a person, without which he cannot exist. The contrast of the verse is achieved using various artistic means. These are epithets: “in the depths of the soul”, “magical thoughts”, etc., metaphors: “feelings and dreams... rise and fall”, “live in yourself”, “disturb the keys”. There is also a comparison: “silent, like stars in the night.” The lyrical hero of this poem is the person to whom the author addresses. His inner world very complex and incomprehensible. The hero is in a state of thinking about himself. He asks the questions: “How can the heart express itself? How can someone else understand you?...” He is concerned both about how others accept him and about how he can understand himself. Poetic thought in a poem moves in stages. First, the author talks about human feelings and dreams, then about relationships, and then, in the third stanza, he gives an explanation: “Just know how to live within yourself - There is a whole world in your soul...” The person in the poem is associated with space, and this helps the reader understands the hopelessness of understanding man by man and by himself. The poetic thought reaches its culmination in the third stanza: “Only know how to live in yourself - There is a whole world in your soul...” In this case, an extended metaphor is used “to live in yourself.” Each stanza is a complete thought, a lyrical statement. The stanzas end with the same word - “be silent.” This is a kind of conclusion that the author comes to as a result of his reflection. At the end of the poem, after the word “be silent,” there is an ellipsis, which indicates the incompleteness of the thought. The poem “Silentium” is structured in such a way that there are no unnecessary thoughts in it, it is completely consistent with its theme. This is the author's skill. Tyutchev's innovation is manifested in his point of view regarding the existence of man and government system. His tradition lies in the fact that he used in his work themes characteristic of many poets - themes of love, nature, etc.