They are located in the middle of this part of the world. The concept of "Central Europe" during World War I was introduced by the German liberal Friedrich Naumann (Mitteleuropa, German). He, in his book of the same name, outlined Central Europe as an area of ​​German interests and influence after the end of the war, and called it Central Europe.

Central Europe

An interesting fact is that the concept of Central Europe is a German interpretation of the name of a group of European countries. The common name is Central Europe. There are no definite borders separating one part of Europe from another. This is not a real geographical area, but, most likely, a historical and political group of countries located in the center of this part of the world. Indeed, until the 19th century, these territories were conquered and were part of the Habsburg Empire. They are united by common historical traditions and events.

List of countries

In different sources, the list of countries in Central Europe will be different depending on the concepts. Until today, there is no definite point of view, and this issue remains the subject of constant discussion. This should not be surprising, since, for example, Hungary or the Czech Republic consider themselves countries of Central Europe (Central), in some sources they are classified as Eastern European countries. The same thing happens with Austria, which is sometimes referred to as Central, sometimes as Western Europe.

Countries in Central Europe

Since there are no clear boundaries and rules for defining the concept of "Central Europe", in this article we will consider a group of countries that have a historical commonality. These are mainly small areas of Europe, excluding Germany and Poland. So what is the list of Central European countries? It includes:

• Germany. Officially called the Federal Republic of Germany. Location - Central Europe. The area is 357.4 thousand square kilometers, where 82.2 million people live. Its capital is the city of Berlin. Received the unofficial name "Great Power", which, thanks to its political and economic influence, plays a decisive role in the world. This is one of the most economically developed countries in Europe and the world, with a high standard of living for citizens. Germany is the largest country in Central Europe.
• Poland. The official name is the Republic of Poland. The area of ​​the territory is 312.7 thousand square kilometers. The total population is 38.6 million people. The capital is Warsaw.
• Czech. Officially called the area of ​​​​the territory - 78.8 thousand square kilometers. The population is 10.5 million people. The capital is Prague.
• Slovakia. Officially called the Slovak Republic. The territory is 48.8 thousand square kilometers. The population is 5.4 million people. The capital is Bratislava.
• Austria. The official name is the Republic of Austria. The territory is 83.9 thousand square kilometers. The population is 8.7 million people. The capital is Vienna. It is also considered one of the richest countries in the world. High standard of living of the population of the country.
• Belgium. Officially called the Kingdom of Belgium. The territory is 30.5 thousand square kilometers. The population is 11.4 million people. Capital Brussels.
• Netherlands. Officially called the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The territory is 41.5 thousand square kilometers. The population is 17 million people. The capital is Amsterdam.
• Switzerland. Officially called the Territory - 41.2 thousand square kilometers. The population is 8.2 million people. Bern is conditionally considered the capital, since this city has no official status.
• Luxembourg. Geographical name - Territory - 2.5 thousand square kilometers, Population - 0.576 million people. The capital is Luxembourg.
• Liechtenstein. Officially called the Dwarf State with an area of ​​162 square kilometers and a population of 33.3 thousand people. The capital is Vaduz.

In addition to large countries such as Germany and Poland, the central group includes the middle Europe: Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. The rest of the countries have a small territory. But, despite this, they all belong to the developed countries not only in Europe, but also in the world. The standard of living here is very high. The population density is high. These are industrial countries with a very developed economy.

Location

As mentioned above, the boundaries encircling the territory are purely conditional. The northern borders of the group of Central European countries pass through the Baltic and North Seas. The mountain ranges of the Pyrenees and the Alps are taken for the South. From the east it passes through the Carpathian mountains. In some sources, the western border reaches the Bay of Biscay. Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands go to the North Sea, Poland and Germany - to the Baltic. Switzerland, Austria, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Slovakia are located inside the territory.

What unites countries

What was the unifying principle that made it possible to connect such a large territory and a group of countries? What common features give the right to consider them as a whole, for example, from a geographical point of view. The countries included in Central Europe are located in temperate latitudes. Considered from this point of view, then most of France, Great Britain and Ireland should be included here. From a historical standpoint, these countries cannot belong to Central Europe.

natural conditions

If you look at the physical map of Europe, you can see that mountainous relief prevails here. Part of the territory of foreign countries of Central Europe, mainly southern, is located in young mountain ranges - these are the Carpathians and the Alps. The arc of the Alpine massif has a duration of 1200 km. The Alps are the highest mountains in Europe. The climate is temperate continental.

Most of the Central European countries are occupied by old mountains with valleys. These include the Black Forest, the Vosges, low, the maximum height is 1.5 kilometers. Between the massifs are plains. This part of the territory is rich in minerals, mainly coal, metal ores. The climate here is continental, with a lot of rainfall.

The northern territories of Central Europe are located on the Central European Plain, which starts from the shores of the North and Baltic Seas. The climate of this natural zone is temperate continental. Once upon a time, the plain was covered with dense forests that were cut down. The original forests have been preserved in the form of massifs called forests. Belovezhskaya Pushcha in Belarus can serve as an example.

Natural resource potential

Being large industrial states with powerful machine-building enterprises, and not having their own natural resources, the countries of Central Europe use foreign raw materials. Ferrous metallurgy uses imported raw materials, which account for 2/3 of the total consumption. Only Austria has a sufficient natural reserve of metal ores.

The Netherlands has no natural resources other than gas. Switzerland and Austria have sufficient hydropower resources, with virtually no natural resources. Poland and Germany have coal deposits, but the main generation of energy resources is based on imported raw materials.

Which countries are included in Central Europe (optional)

As mentioned above, all scientists agree on the composition of the countries of Central Europe. But when it comes to the German name, the list varies from several countries to almost all European states. Based on historical and cultural ties, some researchers include the following states or their separate regions in the countries of Central Europe:

• Croatia, which, according to its geographical position, most geographers rank among the countries of South-Eastern Europe.
• Romanian regions of Transylvania and Bukovina.
• Baltic countries. Most scientists attribute them to Northern Europe. But following the German concept, some researchers classify them as Central Europe.
• The Benelux countries belonging to Western Europe, following the interpretation of Germany, are ranked as Middle.
• Parts of Italy, namely Trieste, Gorizia, Trento, South Tyrol, Friuli, which were once part of Austria-Hungary.
• Parts of Ukraine such as Galicia, Transcarpathia and Ukrainian Bukovina.

The concept of Central (Central) Europe

Since the 1980s, Western politicians have been concerned about the idea of ​​uniting the central countries of Europe under the influence of Germany. It is clear that such large countries as France, Great Britain, Spain do not at all want to be under someone's leadership. These self-sufficient countries at all times of their existence were the largest powers, which always saw Germany as their opponent, if not an adversary.

Therefore, Germany puts forward a hundred-year-old concept of the historical and spiritual unity of the small countries of Central Europe, which were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which included most of the countries of modern, so-called Central Europe. It is clear why the old geographical name Central Europe does not fit. Some believe that the name does not depend on anything. But it's not. Remember the saying "as you call a yacht, so it will float." It's not about the name. In discussions about which countries are included, it is convenient to carry out your ambitious ideas.

The national liberation movements in the countries that were part of the Habsburg Empire (Austria-Hungary) are completely silent. The idea of ​​the historical unity of these peoples under the influence of Germany is put forward. Russia in this story is represented by an eastern enemy who dreams of conquering these countries. The role of the liberating country in the Second World War is more conveniently interpreted as the role of an invader, a “stealer of Europe”.

Europe is part of the Eurasian continent, which is washed by several oceans at the same time - the Arctic and the Atlantic.

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The area occupied by Europe is about 10 million square meters, and the population is about 10% of the population of the entire planet. In numerical terms, this is about 740 million citizens.

General information

Depending on existing opinions, European countries can be classified into different parts:

• eastern;
• central;
• western;
• southern;
• northern;

Mount Elbrus is rightfully considered the highest point in Europe, the height of which is about 5.6 thousand meters. The lowest point is the Caspian Sea, which is only 27 meters high.

The main territory is considered to be a plain, with about 17% only occupied by mountains. The climate of Europe is moderate, but there are glaciers in the northern part, and deserts in the Caspian.

Eastern

The European part of Eurasia, which is located within central and eastern Europe, is considered to be the Eastern part of Europe.

In this territory, the largest number of citizens, in comparison with other areas, and occupies about 2/3 of the whole of Europe.

The bulk of the population are Slavs. Due to numerous political actions, the territory is subject to adjustments on a regular basis.

For example, during the Soviet era, its countries were included in the Eastern part of Europe, but after its collapse, some countries decided to secede and thus they began to belong to other regions.

The climatic conditions in this part are dry and at the same time less warm. At the same time, the soil is considered more fertile than in the western part.

Eastern Europe has the highest rates of black earth in the world. Eastern Europe is considered to be the closest in spirit to Russia.

In the case of a flight, it will take no more than 2 hours. This means that if you wish, you can go on a trip even on a personal vehicle.

The everyday climate and the presence of a native language will be an excellent addition for those who decide to relax in countries from Eastern Europe.

Western

Western Europe is considered the territory on which all countries from this part are located. As a standard, it is customary to include countries that are directly interconnected not only geographically, but also culturally.

In addition, they were able to escape influence during the Cold War. The climate in this part of Europe is in most cases moderate winters are mild, and summers are very warm.

This part is rightfully considered the most populated territory in the world. Urbanization rates are at the level of 80%.

The largest agglomerations are considered to be:

• London;
• and Parisian.

The western part is considered to be the most popular among foreign tourists. According to the latest statistics, about 70% of tourists come here every year.

In most cases, they are attracted to:

• sandy beaches;
• and mountain landscapes.

The huge flow of tourists led to the formation of special tourist zones that allow us to provide a high level of service.

List of states

The countries included in Europe as of early 2019 are as follows:

1. Austria.
2. Germany.
3. Bulgaria.
4. Hungary.
5. Romania.
6. Czech.
7. Poland.
8. Belgium.
9. Great Britain.
10. Greece.
11. Italy.
12. Spain.
13. Ireland.
14. France.
15. Denmark.
16. Sweden.
17. Finland.
18. Lithuania.
19. Latvia.
20. Estonia.
21. Cyprus.
22. Malta.
23. Netherlands.
24. Luxembourg.
25. Slovenia.
26. Slovakia.
27. Portugal.
28. Croatia.

Today, there is also a list of countries that claim to join the European Union. Among them:

1. Albania.
2. Serbia.
3. Macedonia.
4. Montenegro.

Recently, Ukraine also claims to join. Despite the fact that the Vatican is located in the southern part of Europe, it is not part of the EU.

Number of European countries

In 2019, the number of countries that are members of the EU is 44. At the same time, based on the current difficult political and economic situation that has developed in the world, it is impossible to firmly say that this list is exhaustive.

As an example, we can take the USSR, which at one time, for well-known reasons, broke up into 15 independent countries, at the same time, the GDR and the FRG, on the contrary, were able to unite into one and today are referred to as Germany.

To date, a difficult political situation is observed in Spain, in which Catalonia is partially trying to create an independent state.

National symbols

As national symbols are:

• flags;
• emblems.

In the basis of the coat of arms, in most cases, some kind of animalistic symbols are included. For example, a graphic image of a horse speaks of speed, movement.

All countries are familiar with the myth of the Sun God, who moves in his carriage with horses. In turn, the elephant speaks of reliability and strength. It is he who is depicted on the coat of arms of Coventry in the UK.

The state symbol of England is considered the oldest of all European countries. It was developed and approved in the 19th century.

The coat of arms of England includes a shield that shows gold-hued leopards on a red background in the upper left and lower right corners.

In the upper right part - a fiery lion, which is displayed on a golden color - in Scotland, in Ireland, a golden harp is depicted on a blue field.

The symbol of Scandinavia allows you to reveal the history of the countries of the European North. The coat of arms of Denmark has been developed over several centuries.

It is a shield, on top of which is a crown, and inside it there are 4 blue leopards. The Danish flag has a red and white cross with the coat of arms in the center.

Until the beginning of the 13th century, the state emblem of Sweden depicts 3 leopards in crowns, which stand in a field one after another. E can be easily confused with the symbols of Denmark.

And only at the beginning of the 14th century it was replaced with 3 golden crowns. Speaking of Iceland, its symbol with the image of a white falcon was in effect even before 1944, and was subsequently replaced by a shield held not only by bulls, but also by a dragon with an eagle and an old man.

In Albania, the main symbol is a black eagle with several heads, which is the coat of arms.

As you can see, each country has its own symbolism, individual from another state, which contains its own traditions and the principle of life.

Many countries developed their symbols based on the history of their people, the nature of life and numerous other factors.

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It is for this reason that some of them speak of honor and courage, and some of strong morale and resistance to various difficulties.

In conclusion, we can say that the European Union is trying with all its might to attract more countries to cooperation in order to form a single whole.

Europe is part of the world, which, together with the other part of the world, Asia, forms a single continent - Eurasia. On its vast territory there are 44 independent states. But not all of them are part of Foreign Europe.

Foreign Europe

In 1991, the international organization CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) was established. Today it includes the following states: Russia, Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. In relation to them, the countries of Foreign Europe are singled out. There are 40 of them. This figure does not include dependent states - possessions of a state that are not formally its territory: Akrotili and Dhekelia (Great Britain), Aland (Finland), Guernsey (Great Britain), Gibraltar (Great Britain), Jersey (Great Britain) ), Isle of Man (Great Britain), Faroe Islands (Denmark), Svalbard (Norway), Jan Mayen (Norway).

In addition, this list does not include unrecognized countries: Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand.

Rice. 1 Map of Foreign Europe

Geographical position

The states of Foreign Europe occupy a relatively small area - 5.4 km2. The length of their lands from north to south is 5000 km, and from west to east - more than 3000 km. The extreme point in the north is the island of Svalbard, and in the south - the island of Crete. This region is surrounded by seas on three sides. In the west and south it is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Geographically, Foreign Europe is divided into regions:

• Western : Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Portugal, France, Switzerland;
• Northern : Denmark, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Estonia;
• South : Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican, Greece, Spain, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro;
• Eastern : Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic.

From ancient times to the present day, the development of Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, the Netherlands is inextricably linked with the sea. In the west, it is difficult to find a place that would be more than 480 km away from the water, and in the east - 600 km.

general characteristics

The countries of Foreign Europe vary in size. Among them are large, medium, small and "dwarf" states. The latter include the Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Malta. As for the population, one can mainly observe countries with a small number of citizens - about 10 million people. According to the form of government, the vast majority of countries are republics. In second place are constitutional monarchies: Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, Monaco, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain, Andorra, Belgium. And at the last step in the singular - the theocratic monarchy: the Vatican. The administrative-territorial structure is also heterogeneous. The majority are unitary states. Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Montenegro, Germany, Austria, Belgium are countries with a federal structure.

Rice. 2 Developed countries of Europe and their capitals

Socio-economic classification

In 1993, the idea of ​​European unification received a new breath: that year the treaty establishing the European Union was signed. At the first stage, some countries opposed joining the ranks of such an association (Norway, Sweden, Austria, Finland). The total number of countries that make up the modern EU is 28. They are united not only by the name. First of all, they "profess" a common economy (single currency), a common domestic and foreign policy, as well as a security policy. But within this alliance, not everything is so smooth and uniform. It has its leaders - Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. They account for about 70% of the total GDP and more than half of the population of the European Union. The following are small countries, which are divided into subgroups:

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• First : Austria, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden;
• Second : Greece, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Malta, Cyprus;
• Third (developing countries): Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

In 2016, the UK held a referendum to leave the EU. The majority (52%) was in favor. So, the state is on the verge of a difficult process of leaving the big "European family".

Rice. 3 Rome is the capital of Italy

Foreign Europe: countries and capitals

The following table lists the countries and capitals of Overseas Europe in alphabetical order:

	Country	Capital	Territorial device	Political system
			Federation	Republic
		Andorra la Vella	unitary	Republic
		Brussels	Federation	A constitutional monarchy
	Bulgaria		unitary	Republic
	Bosnia and Herzegovina		unitary	Republic
			Theocratic monarchy
		Budapest	unitary	Republic
	Great Britain		unitary	A constitutional monarchy
	Germany		Federation	Republic
			unitary	Republic
		Copenhagen	unitary	A constitutional monarchy
	Ireland		unitary	Republic
	Iceland	Reykjavik	unitary	Republic
			unitary	A constitutional monarchy
			unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
	Liechtenstein		unitary	constitutional monarchy
	Luxembourg	Luxembourg	unitary	constitutional monarchy
	Macedonia		unitary	Republic
		Valletta	unitary	Republic
			unitary	constitutional monarchy
	Netherlands	Amsterdam	unitary	constitutional monarchy
	Norway		unitary	constitutional monarchy
			unitary	Republic
	Portugal	Lisbon	unitary	Republic
		Bucharest	unitary	Republic
	San Marino	San Marino	unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
	Slovakia	Bratislava	unitary	Republic
	Slovenia		unitary	Republic
	Finland	Helsinki	unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
	Montenegro	Podgorica	unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
	Croatia		unitary	Republic
	Switzerland		Federation	Republic
		Stockholm	unitary	constitutional monarchy
			unitary	Republic

What have we learned?

In this article, we talked about the countries and main cities of Foreign Europe. Foreign Europe is a region of Europe. What is included in its composition? It includes all countries located in the European part of Eurasia, except for the states belonging to the CIS. On the territory of Foreign Europe, there is an association of the European Union, which has united 28 states under its roof.

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- part of the Eurasian continent, washed by two oceans at once - the Arctic, as well as the Atlantic.

The territory of the EU is approximately 10 million square meters, and its population is approximately 10% of the total population of the planet, which is approximately 740 million people.

General information

How many parts in Europe:

1. Northern Europe;
2. Southern Europe;
3. Eastern Europe;
4. Central Europe.

Depending on the opinions available, European countries can be assigned to one part of it or to another.

The highest point in Europe is Mount Elbrus, which reaches a height of 5642 m, and the lowest point is the Caspian Sea, which at the moment is approximately 27 m high.

The main territory is dominated by flat terrain, and only 17% of all of Europe is mountains. The climate of most of Europe is temperate, but there are glaciers in the north of the territory, and desert in the Caspian lowland.

Europe is the region with the greatest cultural diversity despite its small territory.

Eastern Europe

The European part of Eurasia, located within the borders of Central and Eastern Europe, is commonly referred to as Eastern Europe. This territory is home to more people than other European regions, and occupies about 2/3 of Europe.

The bulk of the population is represented by people of Slavic appearance. Due to political actions, the territory is constantly changing.

So, in Soviet times, the countries of the USSR were included in Eastern Europe, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, some countries separated and began to be considered foreign.

The climate here is drier and less warm. However, the soils of this part of Europe are much more fertile than the soils of Western Europe. Eastern Europe has the largest amount of chernozem soils in the world.

Eastern Europe is the closest in spirit and territory to Russia part of the Old World. The flight by plane will not take more than two hours. You can even go on vacation to the nearest countries while driving your own car.

The familiar climate and native language will be a pleasant bonus for those who decide to spend their holidays in Eastern Europe.

Western Europe is the territory in which all the Western countries of Europe are located. Usually, this includes countries that are connected by cultural and geographical principles, and which were able to avoid Soviet influence during the Cold War.

The climate in Western Europe is mostly temperate, with mild winters and warm summers.

Western Europe is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Urbanization here is at the level of 80%. The largest agglomerations here are London and Paris.

Western Europe is considered the most popular for tourism. About 65% of tourists flock here. In this area you can see everything from sandy beaches to mountain landscapes. The mosaic of landscapes is striking in its beauty.

A large flow of tourists has led to the formation of special tourist zones that specialize in providing tourist services to guests.

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Everyone will be able to accurately indicate on the map where Europe is located. However, it is not so easy to set clear boundaries.

The geographical boundaries of Europe on the northern, western and southern sides are the coastline of the seas of the Arctic Ocean, as well as the Atlantic Ocean. These are the Baltic, Northern, Irish, Mediterranean, Black, Marmara and Azov seas.

The eastern border is usually drawn along the slope of the Ural Mountains to the Caspian Sea. Some sources also include the territory of the Caucasus in Europe.

List of countries in Europe

The number of European countries is quite extensive.

Listed in alphabetical order, the list would look like this:

• Austria;
• Albania;
• Andorra

• Belarus;
• Belgium;
• Bulgaria;
• Bosnia

• Vatican;
• Great Britain;
• Hungary

• Germany;
• Holland;
• Greece;
• Georgia

• Denmark

• Ireland;
• Spain;
• Italy;
• Iceland

• Latvia;
• Lithuania;
• Liechtenstein;
• Luxembourg

• Macedonia;
• Malta;
• Moldova;
• Monaco

• Norway

• Poland;
• Portugal

• Russia;
• Romania

• San Morino;
• Serbia;
• Slovakia;
• Slovenia

• Ukraine

• Finland;
• France

• Croatia

• Montenegro;
• Czech

• Switzerland;
• Sweden

• Estonia.

This is a complete list of states that are European.

Number of European countries

The number of states that make up Europe today is 44. But based on the political and economic situations that are taking place in the world, it cannot be argued that this list will not change.

You can take as an example the Soviet Union, which at one time broke up into 15 independent states, while the GDR and the FRG, for example, on the contrary, united into a single whole, and today are called Germany.

Nowadays, a difficult political situation is taking place in Spain, where the Catalan part of it is trying to stand out as an independent state from Spain, and be called Catalonia.

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National symbols

The national symbols of the countries are their flags and coats of arms. As a rule, animalistic symbols are included in the basis of coats of arms. The image of a horse symbolizes speed, movement.

All European countries are familiar with the myths about the god of the sun, who moved in his carriage, which was drawn by horses. But, for example, an elephant expresses reliability and strength. It is his image that can be found on the coat of arms of the city of Coventry in the UK.

The state symbols of England is the oldest of all European countries. The coat of arms, which is now official in Great Britain, originated in the 19th century.

The coat of arms of England looks like a shield, in the upper left and lower right corners of which there are three gold-colored leopards on a red background, in the upper right - a fiery lion, located on a background of gold - the Scottish coat of arms, and, finally, in the lower left - a harp of gold on the blue field - Irish symbols.

This shield is held by a golden lion with a crown in its mane and a snow-white unicorn.

The symbolism of the Scandinavian countries reveals the history of the countries of the European North. The coat of arms of Denmark has been formed over several centuries. It is a shield, on top of which there is a crown, and inside the shield, four blue leopards are arranged in a row from top to bottom.

The flag of Denmark is divided by a red and white cross, in the center of which is its coat of arms.

Until the 13th century, the state emblem of Sweden depicted three leopards in crowns standing one behind the other on the field, which very much resembled the coat of arms of Denmark.

Only at the beginning of the XIV century a coat of arms appeared depicting three golden crowns, which later became state symbols.

The original emblem of Iceland was presented in the form of a white falcon, but in 1944 a new symbolism was chosen: a shield held by a bull, a dragon, an eagle and an old man.

The main symbol of Albania is a black eagle with two heads, which is the Albanian coat of arms.

The symbol of Bulgaria is a golden lion, located on a red shield, which is a symbol of masculinity.

The Polish coat of arms looks like a white eagle, whose head is decorated with a gilded crown.

The symbol of Serbia was created during the unification of the lands of Serbia. It depicts a boar's head, which was pierced by an arrow.

Macedonia became independent only in the second half of the 20th century, therefore, until this period, the symbolism was represented only by territorial symbols. Now the coat of arms of Macedonia flaunts a golden crowned lion.

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Population and area of ​​countries

The main giant by all criteria among European countries is Russia. Its area is approximately equal to 17 million square meters, which is almost equal to the area of ​​South America, and the population is about 146 million.

However, the entry of Russia into Europe is considered controversial, because most of it is located in Asia, and only about 22% - in Europe.

The next in the list of the largest countries in Europe is Ukraine. It occupies an area of ​​almost 604 thousand square meters. The population of Ukraine is about 42 million people.

France, Spain, Sweden, Germany, Finland, Norway, Poland and Italy present a list of the 10 largest European countries. However, in terms of the number of inhabitants of these countries, after Russia is Germany, the number of inhabitants of which is about 81 million people.

The population of France is in third place in terms of number. There are about 66 million people within its borders.

The largest cities in Europe are London, with its population of 7 million people, Berlin - 3.5 million people, followed by Madrid, Rome, Kyiv and Paris with a population of 3 million.

Which countries are in the European Union?

The Union of Europe was organized during the collapse of the USSR. The EU is united together for economic reasons and political views of the state. Most of these countries use one type of currency - the euro.

The Union is an international entity that includes the signs of a country and the signs of the international community, but in fact they are neither one nor the other.

In some cases, decisions are made by supranational institutions, and in others through negotiations between countries that are members of the European Union.

At the very beginning of its inception, the European Union included only six countries - Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and France. To date, thanks to the connection to the agreement, the number of countries within the European Union has increased to twenty-eight.

States give up their sovereignty, in return receive protection in various institutions of the union, which act for the common interests of all participants.

The Lisbon Treaty included rules for leaving the European Union. For the entire period of action, only Greenland left the European Union - in the late 1900s.

At the moment, five countries claim the opportunity to leave the Union. These are Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Montenegro.

List of EU countries:

1. Austria;
2. Belgium;
3. Bulgaria;
4. Hungary;
5. Great Britain;
6. Greece;
7. Germany;
8. Denmark;
9. Italy;
10. Ireland;
11. Spain;
12. Republic of Cyprus;
13. Luxembourg;
14. Latvia;
15. Lithuania;
16. Malta;
17. Netherlands;
18. Portugal;
19. Poland;
20. Romania;
21. Slovenia;
22. Slovakia;
23. France;
24. Finland;
25. Croatia;
26. Czech;
27. Sweden;
28. Estonia.

Liechtenstein, the Norwegian and Swiss states have not agreed to become members of the European Union, but partly take part in the implementation of joint economic activities.

The population of the European Union as of 2009 exceeded five hundred million people.

Throughout the land of the European Union, people equally use twenty-four languages. But, as a rule, the most popular languages ​​in the European Union are English, German, and also French.

As for religious views, according to polls, about 18% of the population are atheists, 27% are not sure of their views, and 52% confidently believe in the existence of God.

So, the list of European countries in alphabetical order. But first, two words about this continent.

Europe- part of the world, with an area of ​​​​about 10.5 million square meters. km. It is washed by the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The population is 830.4 million people.

BUT

Austria
Albania
Andorra

B

Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Bosnia and Herzegovina

AT

Vatican
Great Britain
Hungary

G

Germany
Holland
Greece
Georgia

D

And

Ireland
Iceland
Spain
Italy

L

Latvia
Lithuania
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg

M

Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco

H

Norway

P

Poland
Portugal

R

Russia
Romania

FROM

San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia

At

F

Finland
France

X

Croatia

H

Montenegro
Czech

W

Switzerland
Sweden

E

1. Austria (capital - Vienna)
2. Albania (capital - Tirana)
3. Andorra (capital - Andorra la Vella)
4. Belarus (capital - Minsk)
5. Belgium (capital - Brussels)
6. Bulgaria (capital - Sofia)
7.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (capital - Sarajevo)
8. Vatican (capital - Vatican)
9. Hungary (capital - Budapest)
10. Great Britain (capital - London)
11. Germany (capital - Berlin)
12. Greece (capital - Athens)
13. Denmark (capital - Copenhagen)
14. Ireland (capital - Dublin)
15. Iceland (capital - Reykjavik)
16. Spain (capital - Madrid)
17. Italy (capital - Rome)
18. Latvia (capital - Riga)
19.

Lithuania (capital - Vilnius)
20. Liechtenstein (capital - Vaduz)
21. Luxembourg (capital - Luxembourg)
22. Macedonia (capital - Skopje)
23. Malta (capital - Valletta)
24.

Moldova (capital - Chisinau)
25. Monaco (capital - Monaco)
26. Netherlands (capital - Amsterdam)
27. Norway (capital - Oslo)
28.

Poland (capital - Warsaw)
29. Portugal (capital - Lisbon)
30. Romania (capital - Bucharest)
31. San Marino (capital - San Marino)
32.

Serbia (capital - Belgrade)
33. Slovakia (capital - Bratislava)
34. Slovenia (capital - Ljubljana)
35. Ukraine (capital - Kyiv)
36. Finland (capital - Helsinki)
37. France (capital - Paris)
38.

Montenegro (capital - Podgorica)
39. Czech Republic (capital - Prague)
40. Croatia (capital - Zagreb)
41. Switzerland (capital - Bern)
42. Sweden (capital - Stockholm)
43. Estonia (capital - Tallinn)

How many countries are in Europe?

There are 50 independent states on the political map of Europe, most of which are highly developed industrial and agricultural countries. Among the largest European countries are Russia, Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Ukraine, Spain, Poland.

This figure also includes six dwarf states: Andorra, Vatican, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino.

Full list of European countries

Austria, Azerbaijan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Georgia, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Kazakhstan, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia.

In order to give a correct answer to the question: “How many countries are there in Europe”, it must be taken into account that the exact count of the number of states located in Europe depends on the definition of the borders of Europe and the criteria for including unrecognized and partially recognized states, taking into account dependent territories.

It should be borne in mind that since the Caucasian ridge and the Black Sea straits are traditionally considered the geographical borders of Europe and Asia, the inclusion of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Cyprus, Kazakhstan and Turkey in the list of European countries is based primarily on political, economic and cultural considerations and is not unambiguous. .

Unrecognized and partially recognized states of Europe: Abkhazia, Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand, South Ossetia.

Home >  Wiki-textbook >  Geography > 11 grade > Foreign Europe: general characteristics, resources, population, economy

General information about Foreign Europe

Foreign Europe is one of the centers of world civilization, and is of incomparable importance for world politics, economics and culture.

On its territory there are 40 sovereign states, which are interconnected by a historical past, close cultural and political relations.

If we talk about the economic and geographical position of countries, then it is determined by two main criteria.

The countries of foreign Europe are relatively close to each other, they either closely border on natural boundaries, or there is an insignificant distance between them, which does not affect the convenience of transport links.

The second main criterion is the coastal position of most countries that are connected to each other and countries of other continents by sea.

Countries such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands have been connected with the sea since ancient times.

Political pictureForeign Europe

The political picture of foreign Europe changed significantly three times during the 20th century.

The First and Second World Wars significantly changed it, and at the end of the century there were significant changes associated with the Social Democratic parties that came to power.

As for the structure of states in this territory, in foreign Europe there are republics, unitary states, monarchical and federal.

By the 21st century, the Organization for Security and Cooperation - the OSCE, was formed, which is represented by 56 countries (it also includes the USA, Canada and the CIS countries).

Natural conditions and resources

On the territory of foreign Europe there are many minerals.

The northern part includes ore and fuel minerals.

And hydropower resources fall on the territory of the Alps, Dinaric and Scandinavian mountains.

Forestry is developed in Sweden and Finland, for which forest landscapes are typical.

Population of foreign Europe

The number of inhabitants of this part of the world is growing very slowly; a rather difficult demographic situation has been recorded in foreign Europe.

The territory is a hotbed of world labor emigration; there are about 20 million foreign workers here.

It is important to note that most European countries are highly urbanized, with the highest rates of urbanization being in Belgium, Great Britain and the Netherlands.

The countries of Europe belong to the Indo-European family, there are four main types of states according to their national composition.

These are mononational (Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark), with a sharp predominance of one nation (Great Britain, France, Finland), binational (Belgium) and multinational (Switzerland, Latvia).

EconomyForeign Europe

Europe occupies a leading position in the world economy in terms of agricultural and industrial production, the development of tourism and the export of goods and services.

The most powerful countries in terms of economic situation are called Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy.

They have the most developed complexes of various industries, unlike other countries, which have one or two industries strongly developed.

The leading sectors of Europe are mechanical engineering (especially automotive), the chemical industry, the fuel and energy sector and the metallurgical industry.

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