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Summary

In what year - count

In what land - guess

On the pillar path

Seven men got naked:

Seven temporarily liable,

tightened province,

County Terpigorev,

empty parish,

From adjacent villages:

Zaplatova, Dyryavina,

Razutova, Znobishina,

Gorelova, Neelova -

Crop failure, too,

They agreed and argued:

Who has fun

Feel free in Russia?

According to Roman, the landowner, Demyan is sure that Luka said to the official that the priest. The Gubin brothers, Ivan and Mitrodor, insist that the "fat-bellied merchant" lives best. "Old man Pahom puckered up and said, looking at the ground: to the noble boyar, the minister of the sovereign." And Prov is convinced that the king has such a life.

Each of them left the house on his own business, and it would be time to go back, but they started a dispute. Evening comes, and the men do not stop arguing. Durandiha asks where they go at night looking. Pakhom notices that they are "thirty miles away" from the house. “Under the forest by the path” they made a fire, drank, ate, and, continuing the argument “who should live happily, freely in Russia?”, they fought. The forest woke up from the noise: a hare jumped out, the jackdaws “raised a nasty, sharp squeak”, “a tiny chick fell out of fright from the nest”, the warbler is looking for him, the old cuckoo “woke up and decided to cuckle for someone”, seven owls fly in, “ the raven came to the fire, a cow with a bell came to the fire and mooed, an owl flies over the peasants, a fox “crept up to the peasants”. No one can understand what the men are making such a fuss about. Pahom finds a chick by the fire. He complains that they would have wings, they would fly around "the whole kingdom"; Prov notices that if there was bread, they would have bypassed "Mother Russia" with their feet; the rest added that vodka, cucumbers, “cold kvass” would be good with bread. The chiffchaff bird asks the men to release the chick. For this, she promises to tell them how they can find a “self-assembled tablecloth” that they will “repair, wash, dry”. The men release the chick. Chiffchaff warns them:

“Look, chur, one!

How much food will take

Womb - then ask

And you can ask for vodka

In day exactly on a bucket.

If you ask more

And one and two - it will be fulfilled

At your request,

And in the third, be in trouble!

PART ONE

Wanderers see old and new villages.

Not fond of the old ones,

It hurts more than that for new

Trees for them to look at.

Oh, huts, new huts!

You are smart, let it build you

Not an extra penny

And blood trouble!

On the way, the peasants meet peasants, "artisans, beggars, soldiers, coachmen." Their life is miserable. In the evening the wanderers meet the priest. Luka reassures him: "We are not robbers."

(Luke is a squat man

With a wide beard

Stubborn, verbose and stupid.

Luka looks like a mill:

One is not a bird mill,

What, no matter how it flaps its wings,

Probably won't fly.)

The men are interested in: “Is the priestly life sweet?” Pop responds:

“What is happiness, in your opinion?

Peace, wealth, honor ... "

He has no peace, since it is difficult for a priest's son to get a letter, and the priesthood of a priest is even more expensive. He must go to the dying at any time of the day, in any weather, in any wilderness, see the tears of relatives and listen to the dying groans and wheezing. Further, the priest tells, "what honor is the priest." People call the priests "a foal breed", they are afraid of meeting them, they compose about them "joke tales and obscene songs and all kinds of blasphemy." From human languages ​​suffer "mother-popadya sedate" and "priest's daughter innocent".

Meanwhile, the sky is covered with clouds, "to be heavy rain."

The priest invites the peasants to listen, "where the priestly wealth comes from." In the old days, landowners lived, who "became fruitful and multiplied" and "let the priests live." All family holidays could not do without clergy. Now the "landlords have died out," and there is nothing to take from the poor.

Our poor villages

And in them the peasants are sick

Yes, sad women

Nurses, drinkers,

Slaves, pilgrims

And eternal workers

Lord give them strength!

Guiding the deceased...

..And here to you C

taruha, mother of the deceased,

Look, stretching with a bony,

Callused hand.

The soul will turn

How they tinkle in this hand

Two copper coins! ..

The priest leaves, and the men attacked Luka with reproaches:

Well, here's your praise

Pop's life!

rural fair

Wanderers complain about the "wet, cold spring." Stocks are running out, the cattle in the field have nothing to eat. “Only for Nikola Veshny” the cattle ate plenty of grass. Passing through the village, the wanderers notice that there is no one in it. Wanderers are interested in a peasant who bathes a horse in the river, where the people are from the village, and they hear that everyone is “at the fair” in the village of Kuzminskoye. At the fair, people trade, drink, walk. In Kuzminsky there are two churches, “one Old Believer, the other Orthodox”, a school - a house “packed up tightly”, a hut “with the image of a paramedic bleeding”, a hotel, shops. Wanderers come to the square where there is trade. Who is not here! "Intoxicating, loud, festive, motley, red all around!" The wanderers admire the goods. They see a man who has drunk his money and is crying, as he promised his granddaughter to bring gifts. The assembled people feel sorry for him, but no one helps him: if you give money, "you yourself will be left with nothing." Pavlusha Veretennikov, who was called "master", bought shoes for the peasant's granddaughter. He didn't even thank him. The peasants are “so happy, as if he gave each one a ruble!”

Among other things, the fair has a shop selling second-rate reading material, as well as portraits of generals. The author wonders if the time will come when the peasants will understand "that a portrait is a portrait, that a book is a book", when the people "will carry Belinsky and Gogol from the market."

Here you would have their portraits

Hang in your boots,

There is a performance in the booth: “The comedy is not wise, but not stupid either, not in the brow, but right in the eye!” The speech of Petrushka, the hero of the comedy, is interrupted by the "accurate word" from the people. After the performance, some of the spectators fraternize with the actors, bring them drunk, drink with them, give money. By evening, the wanderers leave the “vibrant village”.

drunken night

After the fair, everyone goes home, "the people go and fall." Sober wanderers see how a drunken man buries his undercoat, saying at the same time that he is burying his mother. Two peasants sort things out, aiming at each other's beards. With swearing, the women in the ditch are trying to determine who's house is worse. Veretennikov notes that the peasants are "smart", but "drink to the point of stupefaction". To which the peasant, whose name is Yakim, objects that the peasants are busy with work, only occasionally allowing the “poor peasant soul” to have fun, that “a non-drinking family drinking for a family”, that when work ends, “look, there are three equity holders: God, the king and sir!

Wine brings down the peasant

And grief does not bring him down?

Work not falling?

A man copes with any trouble; when he works, he does not think that he will overstrain.

Every peasant has

The soul is like a black cloud -

Angry, formidable - and it would be necessary

Thunders rumble from there,

pouring bloody rains,

And everything ends with wine.

Veretennikov learns from the peasants the story of the plowman Yakim Nagogoi, who "works to death, drinks half to death." While in St. Petersburg, he decided to compete with the merchant and "ended up in prison", and then returned home. He bought pictures for his son and, having hung them on the walls, “he didn’t less than a boy loved to look at them. During his life, Yakim collected "thirty-five rubles". But there was a fire in the village. Yakim began to save the pictures, but the money melted into a lump, and the buyers offered eleven rubles for him. Saved and new pictures Yakim hung on the walls in a new hut.

The master looked at the plowman:

The chest is sunken; like a depressed

Stomach; at the eyes, at the mouth

Bends like cracks

On dry ground;

And myself to mother earth

He looks like: a brown neck,

Like a layer cut off with a plow.

brick face,

Hand - tree bark,

And hair is sand.

According to Yakim, since people drink, it means that they feel strength.

On the way, the peasants sing a song, to which the “young woman alone” burst into tears, admitting that her husband is jealous: he gets drunk and snores on the cart, guarding her. She wants to jump off the wagon, but she does not succeed: the husband "stood up - and the woman by the scythe." The men are sad about their wives, and then unfold the "self-assembled tablecloth." Having refreshed himself, Roman stays by the bucket of vodka, and the rest go "to the crowd - to look for the lucky one."

Happy

Having obtained a bucket of vodka with the help of a self-collection tablecloth, the wanderers throw a cry into the festive crowd, are there those among those present who consider themselves happy. Anyone who confesses is promised vodka.

A skinny, dismissed deacon hurries to tell about his happiness, which lies in "complacency" and faith in the Kingdom of Heaven. They don't give him vodka.

An old woman appears and boasts that she has a rich harvest in her garden: "rep up to a thousand." But they just laughed at her.

A "soldier with medals" arrives. He is happy that he was in twenty battles, but remained alive, was beaten with sticks, but survived, starved, but did not die. The wanderers give him vodka.

“The Stonemason from Olonchan” tells about his happiness: every day he hammers gravel “for five silver”, which testifies to the great strength that he possesses.

"A man with shortness of breath, relaxed, thin" tells that he was also a bricklayer and also boasted of his strength, "God punished." The contractor praised him, but he was foolishly happy, he worked for four. After the bricklayer lifted the burden "of fourteen pounds" to the second floor, he withered away and could no longer work. Went home to die. On the way, an epidemic broke out in the carriage, people were dying, and their corpses were unloaded at the stations. The mason in delirium saw that he was cutting roosters, he thought he would die, but he got home. According to him, this is happiness.

The courtyard man says: “I was a beloved slave of Prince Peremetyev,” his wife was “a beloved slave,” his daughter studied French and other languages ​​\u200b\u200bwith a young lady and sat in the presence of her mistress. He got "a noble disease, which is only found in the first persons in the empire," - gout, which can be obtained if you drink various alcoholic beverages for thirty years. He himself licked plates, finished drinking drinks from glasses. The men chase him away.

A “Belarusian peasant” comes up and says that his happiness is in bread, that he “chewed barley bread with chaff, with a bonfire”, from which he “grabs the bellies”. Now he eats bread "to the full at Gubonin's."

A man with a folded cheekbone says that he and his comrades hunted for bears. The bears broke three comrades, and he managed to stay alive. They gave him vodka.

For the poor, happiness lies in large alms.

Hey, happiness man!

Leaky with patches

Humpbacked with calluses

Get off home!

The peasant Fedosey advises the peasants to ask Yermila Girin. "The Orphan was held by Yermilo mill on Unzha." The court decides to sell the mill. Yermilo is bargaining with the merchant Altynnikov (“the merchant is his penny, and the other is his ruble!”) And wins the bargain. The clerks demanded to pay at once a third of the cost of the mill - about a thousand rubles. Girin did not have so much money, and they had to be paid within an hour. On the retail space he told people about everything and asked them to lend him money, promising that he would return everything the next Friday. Got more than needed. Thus the mill became his. He, as promised, returned the money to everyone who approached him. Nobody asked too much. He had one ruble left, which he, not finding the owner, gave to the blind. Wanderers are interested in why people believed Yermila, and they hear in response that he gained trust with the truth. Yermilo served as a clerk in the estate of Prince Yurlov. He was fair, he was attentive to everyone. For five years, many have learned about him. He was kicked out. The new clerk was a grabber and a scoundrel. When the old prince died, the young prince came and ordered the peasants to elect a steward. They chose Yermila, who decided everything fairly.

At seven years of a worldly penny

Didn't squeeze under the nail

At the age of seven, he did not touch the right one,

Didn't let the guilty

I didn’t bend my heart…

The “gray-haired priest” interrupted the narrator, and he had to recall the case when Yermilo “buffed out” his younger brother Mitriy from recruitment, sending the son of a peasant woman Nenila Vlasyevna instead, and then repented before the people and asked to be judged. And he fell on his knees in front of the peasant woman. The son of Nenila Vlasyevna was returned, Mitriy was recruited, and Yermila himself was fined. After that, Yermilo "resigned from his post", rented a mill, where "strict order was maintained."

The “gray-haired priest” says that Yermilo is now in prison. A riot arose on the estate of "the landowner Obrubkov, Frightened province, Nedykhaniev district, Stolbnyaki village", which required government troops to suppress. In order to do without bloodshed, they decided to turn to Yermila, believing that the people would listen to him. At this moment, the narrator is interrupted by the cries of a drunken lackey, the owner of a "noble disease", who was caught stealing, and therefore flogged. The wanderers are trying to find out about Yermil, but the man who started talking about the rebellion, leaving me, promises that he will tell another time.

Wanderers meet the landowner.

Some kind of round gentleman,

mustachioed, pot-bellied,

With a cigar in my mouth.

The landowner, Obolt-Obolduev, is riding in a carriage.

The landlord was ruddy,

portly, squat,

sixty years;

Mustache gray, long,

Good fellows,

Hungarian woman with brandenburgers,

Wide pants.

He takes the wanderers for robbers, draws a pistol. Having learned for what purpose they travel, he laughs heartily.

Tell us godly

Is the landowner's life sweet?

You are like - at ease, happily,

Landlord, do you live?

Leaving the carriage, Obolt-Obolduev orders the footman to bring a pillow, a carpet and a glass of sherry. He sits down and tells the story of his family. Most ancient ancestor his father "with wolves and foxes ... amuse the empress," and on the name day of the empress, his bear "ripped off." Wanderers say that "there are a lot of scoundrels roaming with bears even now." Landowner: "Shut up!" His most ancient ancestor on his mother's side was Prince Shchepin, who, together with Vaska Gusev, "tried to set fire to Moscow, they thought to rob the treasury, but they were executed by death." The landowner recalls the old days when they lived "like in Christ's bosom", "knew ... honor", nature "subdued". He talks about luxurious feasts, rich feasts, his own actors. He talks about hunting with special feeling. Complains that his power is over:

Whom I want - I have mercy

Whoever I want, I will execute.

The law is my desire!

The fist is my police!

The landowner interrupts his speech, calls the servant, while noting that "it is impossible without severity," but that he "punished - loving." He assures the wanderers that he was kind and that on holidays peasants were allowed into his house to pray. Gavrilo Afanasyevich, having heard the “death knell”, remarks that “they are not calling for a peasant! They call for landlord life! Now the landowners' houses are being dismantled into bricks, the gardens are being cut down for firewood, the peasants are stealing timber, and instead of estates, "drinking houses are being built."

The dissolute people sing,

They call for earthly services,

Planted, taught to read and write, -

He needs her!

The landowner says that he is "not a peasant-bast worker", but "by the grace of God, a Russian nobleman."

Noble estates

We do not learn how to work.

We have a bad official

And that one will not sweep the floors,

Will not heat the oven...

He complains to strangers that he is called to work, and having lived in the village for forty years, he cannot distinguish a barley ear from a rye ear.

After listening to the landowner, the peasants sympathize with him.

PEASANT WOMAN

(From the third part)

Wanderers decide what they should ask

about the happiness of not only men, but also women. They go to the village of Klin, where Korchagina Matryona Timofeevna lives, whom everyone called the "governor".

“Oh, a field of many grains!

Now you don't think

How many people of God

Beat over you

While you are dressed

Heavy, even spike

And stood in front of the plowman,

Like an army before a king!

Not so much dew is warm,

Like sweat from a peasant's face

Moisturize you!..”

Wanderers do not rejoice looking at the fields of wheat that feeds "by choice", they like to look at the rye that "feeds everyone." In the village of Klin, life is miserable. The wanderers reach the master's house, and the lackey explains that "the landowner is abroad, and the steward is dying." “Hungry courtyards” are loitering around the estate, whom the master left “to the mercy of fate”. Local men fish in the river, complaining that there were much more fish before. A pregnant woman is waiting for them to catch at least "heels" in her ear.

Yards and peasants are dragging whatever they can. One of the courtyards is angry at the wanderers who refuse to buy foreign books from him.

Wanderers hear how the song "Tsevets Novo-Arkhangelskaya" sings in a beautiful bass. There were “non-Russian words” in the song, “and the grief in them is the same as in the Russian song, it was heard, without a shore, without a bottom.” There is a herd of cows, as well as "a crowd of reapers and reapers." They meet Matrena Timofeevna, a woman of "thirty-eight years old", and tell why they found her. But the woman says she needs to harvest rye. The strangers promise to help her. They take out a "self-assembled tablecloth." “The month became high” when Matryona began to “open her whole soul to wanderers.”

before marriage

She was born in a good and non-drinking family.

For father, for mother

Like Christ in the bosom,

I lived...

She lived happily, although there was a lot of work. After some time, “the betrothed appeared”:

On the mountain - a stranger!

Philip Korchagin - Petersburger,

A baker by skill.

The father promised to marry his daughter. Korchagin persuades Matryona to marry him, promising that he will not offend her. She agrees.

Matrena sings a song about a girl who ended up in her husband's house, where evil relatives live. The strangers sing in chorus.

Matryona lives in the house of her mother-in-law and father-in-law. Their family is “big, grumpy”, in which “there is no one to love, dove, but there is someone to scold!” Philip went to work, and he advised her not to interfere in anything and endure.

As ordered, so done:

Walked with anger in my heart

And didn't say too much

Word to nobody.

Filippushka came in winter,

Bring a silk handkerchief

Yes, I took a ride on a sled

On Catherine's day

And as if there was no grief! ..

There were always “frets” between the young. The wanderers ask Matrena Timofeyevna if her husband beat her. She answers them that only once, when her husband asked for shoes for his visiting sister, and she hesitated.

On the Annunciation, Matrena Timofeevna's husband went to work, and on Kazanskaya she gave birth to a son, Demushka.

The manager Abram Gordeich Sitnikov “began to bother her hard,” and she had to turn to her grandfather for advice.

From the whole family of her husband

One Savely, grandfather,

The father-in-law's parent - fathers,

Pity me...

Matrena Timofeevna asks the wanderers if they want to hear the story of Savely's life. They answer in agreement.

Saveliy, Holy Russian hero

Grandfather Savely "looked like a bear", had not cut his hair for about twenty years, had a beard, they said that he was a hundred years old. He lived "in a special room", where he did not let anyone from the family of his son, who called him "branded, hard labor". To this he replied: "Branded, but not a slave."

Matrena asked Saveliy why his own son calls him that. During his youth, the peasants were also serfs. Their village was in remote places. “We didn’t rule the corvee, we didn’t pay dues, and so, when we judge, we’ll send it three times over.” The landowner Shalashnikov tried to get to them by animal paths, "yes, he turned his skis." After that, he orders the peasants to come to him, but they do not go. Twice the police come and leave with tribute, and when they came the third time, they left with nothing. Then the peasant women went to Shalashnikov in the provincial town, where he stood with the regiment. When the landowner found out that there was no quitrent, he ordered the peasants to be flogged. They flogged them so badly that the peasants had to “rip open” where the money was hidden, and bring half a cap of “lobanchiki”. After that, the landowner even drank with the peasants. They went home, and on the way the two old men rejoiced that they were carrying hundred-ruble notes sewn up in the lining.

Excellently fought Shalashnikov,

And not so hot great

Received income.

Soon Shalashnikov was killed near Varna. His heir sent to them a German, Christian Christian Vogel, who managed to gain confidence in the peasants. He told them that if they can't pay, then let them work. The peasants, as the German asks them, dig the swamp with grooves, cut down the trees in the designated places. It turned out a clearing, a road.

And then came the hardship

Korean peasant -

/ Ruined to the bone!

And he fought ... like Shalashnikov himself!

Yes, he was simple: pounce

With all military strength,

Think it will kill you!

And sun the money, it will fall off,

Neither give nor take bloated

Tick ​​in a dog's ear.

The German grip is dead:

Until they let the world go

Without leaving, sucks!

For eighteen years the peasants endured. We built a factory. The German ordered the peasants to dig a well. Among them was Savely. When the peasants, having worked until noon, decided to take a break, Vogel came and began to saw them "in his own way, without haste." Then they threw him into the hole. Savely shouted: “Give it!” After that, the Germans were buried alive. So Savely ended up in hard labor, fled, he was caught.

Twenty years of strict hard labor.

Twenty years of settlement.

I saved money

According to the royal manifesto

Went home again

Built this stove...

The mother-in-law is unhappy that, because of her son, Matryona does not work much, and demands that she leave him with her grandfather. Matryona reaps rye together with everyone. The grandfather appears and asks for forgiveness for the fact that “the old man fell asleep in the sun, the silly grandfather fed Demidushka to the pigs!” Matryona is crying.

The Lord got angry

He sent uninvited guests,

Wrong judges!

The camp officer, the doctor, the police arrive to accuse Matryona and Saveliy of premeditated murder of the child. The doctor makes an autopsy, and Matryona begs not to do it.

From a thin diaper

Rolled out Demushka

And the body became white

To torment and plastovat.

Matryona sends curses. She is declared insane. When family members are asked if they noticed “crazy” behind her, they answer that they “did not notice.” Savely notes that when she was called to the authorities, she did not take with her "neither a security deposit, nor a novina (homespun canvas)."

Seeing grandfather at the coffin of his son, Matryona chases him, calling him "branded, hard labor." The old man says that after the prison he turned to stone, and Demushka melted his heart. Grandfather Savely comforts her, says that her son is in paradise. Matryona exclaims: “Is it really true that neither God nor the tsar will stand up? ..” Savely replies: “God is high, the tsar is far away,” and therefore they have to endure, since she is a “serf woman.”

Twenty years have passed since Matryona buried her son. It didn't take long for her to "recover". She could not work, for which her father-in-law decided to “teach” her with the reins. Bowing at his feet, she asked him to kill her. Then he calmed down.

For days and nights, Matryona cries at the grave of her Demushka. By winter, Philip returns from work. Grandfather Savely went to the forests, where he mourned the death of the boy. “And in the autumn he went to repentance in the Sand Monastery.” Every year Matryona has a baby. She has no time to "neither think nor grieve, God forbid to cope with the work and cross her forehead." Three years later, her parents die. At the grave of her son, she meets grandfather Saveliy, who came to pray for "the Poor Dema, for all the suffering Russian peasantry." Grandfather soon dies, and before his death he says:

There are three paths for men:

Tavern, jail and hard labor,

And the women in Russia

Three loops: white silk,

The second is for red silk,

And the third - black silk,

Choose any!

They buried him next to Demushka. He was at that time one hundred and seven years old.

Four years later, a praying pilgrim appears in the village. She makes speeches about the salvation of the soul, on holidays she wakes up the peasants for matins, she makes sure that mothers do not feed babies on Lenten days. They shed tears when they hear their children crying. Matryona did not listen to the pilgrimage. Her son, Fedot, was eight years old when he was sent to guard the sheep. The boy is accused of not seeing the sheep. From the words of Fedot, it becomes known that when he was sitting on a hillock, a huge emaciated she-wolf appeared, “puppy: her nipples dragged, in a bloody trail.” She managed to grab the sheep and run. But Fedot pursued her and pulled out the dead sheep. The boy felt sorry for the she-wolf, and he gave her the sheep. For this, Fedot is going to be flogged.

Matryona asks for mercy from the landowner, and he decides "to shepherd a minor in his youth, to forgive out of stupidity ... and to punish the impudent woman approximately." Matryona comes to the sleeping Fedotushka, who, although he was “born weak,” since during pregnancy she greatly missed Demushka, he was a smart boy.

I sat on it all night

I am a kind shepherd

Raised up to the sun

Itself, shod in bast shoes,

rebaptized; cap,

She gave me a horn and a whip.

In a quiet place on the river Matrena cries about her fate, remembering her parents.

Night - I shed tears,

Day - like grass I lay down ...

I bow my head

I carry an angry heart!

Difficult year

According to Matryona, the she-wolf appeared for a reason, since soon a breadless woman came to the village. The mother-in-law of Matrena Timofeevna admits to her neighbors that her daughter-in-law is to blame for everything, who “put on a clean shirt at Christmas.” If Matryona had been a lonely woman, then the hungry peasants would have killed her with stakes. But “for her husband, for her intercessor,” she “got off cheaply.”

After one misfortune came another: recruitment. The family was calm, as the husband's older brother was among the recruits. Matryona was pregnant with Liodorushka. The father-in-law goes to a meeting and returns with the news: “Now give me less!”

Now I'm not a sharecropper

rural area,

Mansion builder,

Clothing and livestock.

Now one wealth:

Three lakes cry

Flammable tears, sown

Three stripes of trouble!

Matryona does not know how she can live with her children without her husband, who is not recruited in turn. When everyone is asleep, she gets dressed and leaves the hut.

Governor

On the way, Matrena prays to the Mother of God and asks her: “How did I anger God?”

Pray on a frosty night

Under starry sky God's

I have loved since then.

With difficulty, the pregnant Matrena Timofeevna gets to the city to the governor. She gives the porter a “tight money”, but he does not let her through, but sends her away to come in two hours. Matryona sees how a drake escaped from the hands of the cook and he rushed after him.

And how he screams!

Such was the cry, what a soul

Enough - I almost fell,

So they scream under the knife!

When the drake was caught, Matryona, running away, thinks: “The gray drake will subside under chef's knife!" She reappears in front of the governor's house, where the porter takes from her another "virgin" one, and then in his "closet" gives her tea to drink. Matrona throws herself at the governor's feet. She becomes ill. When she comes to, she learns that she has given birth to a son. The governor, Elena Alexandrovna, who had no children, listened to the woman in labor, took care of the child, baptized him herself and chose his name, and then sent a messenger to the village to sort everything out. The husband was saved. Song of praise for the governor.

woman's parable

Wanderers drink to the governor's health. Since then, Matryona was "nicknamed the governor's wife." She has five sons. "Peasant orders are endless - they already took one!" "... We burned twice ... God visited us three times with anthrax."

The mountains didn't move

Fell on the head

God is not a thunderbolt

In anger he pierced his chest,

For me - quiet, invisible -

The storm has passed,

Will you show her?

For a mother that has been scolded,

Like a trampled snake,

The blood of the firstborn has passed

For me insults are mortal

Gone unpaid

And the whip passed over me!

Matrena Timofeevna says that it is useless for wanderers to "look for a happy woman among women."

Matryona Timofeevna recalls the words of the holy praying woman:

Keys to female happiness

From our free will Abandoned, lost in God himself!

Those keys are constantly looking for "the desert fathers, and the blameless wives, and the scribes-readers."

Yes, they are unlikely to be found ...

LATER

(From the second part)

On the way, the wanderers see a hayfield. Wanderers came to the Volga, where there are haystacks in the meadows and settled peasant families. They missed work.

They take braids from seven women and mow them down. Music comes from the river. The man, whose name is Vlas, reports that the landowner is in the boat. Three boats are approaching, in which sit an old landowner, hangers-on, servants, three barchonok, two ladies, two mustachioed gentlemen.

The old landowner finds fault with one stack and demands that the hay be dried. They cater to him in every way. The landowner with his retinue goes to breakfast. The wanderers ask Vlas, who turned out to be a steward, about the landowner, perplexed that he is the one who disposes of it at a time when serfdom has already been abolished. The wanderers take out a "self-assembled tablecloth", and Vlas begins to tell.

Vlas says that their landowner, Prince Utyatin, is "special." After a quarrel with the governor, he had a stroke - the left half of his body was taken away.

Lost for a dime!

It is known, not self-interest,

And arrogance cut him off,

He lost his sorinko.

Pakhom recalls that, being in prison on suspicion, he saw a peasant.

For horse stealing, it seems

He was sued, his name was Sidor,

So from the prison to the master

He sent a tribute!

Vlas continues the story. Sons and wives appeared. When the master recovered, his sons informed him that serfdom had been abolished. He calls them traitors. They, fearing to be left without an inheritance, decide that they will indulge him. The sons persuade the peasants to pretend that serfdom has not been abolished. One of the peasants, Ipat, declares: “You have fun! And I'm a serf of the Duck princes - and that's the whole story! With emotion, Ipat reminisces about how the prince harnessed him to the cart, how he bought him in the hole and gave him vodka, how he put him on the goats to play the violin, how he fell and the sleigh ran over him, and the prince left, how the prince returned for him and he was grateful to him. Sons are ready to give good "promises" for silence. Everyone agrees to play comedy.

Let's go to an intermediary:

Laughing! "It's a good thing

And the meadows are good,

Fool around, God forgives!

Not in Russia, you know

Shut up and bow down

Forbid anyone!”

Vlas did not want to be a steward: “Yes, I didn’t want to be a gorokhov jester.” They volunteered to be Klim Lavin, “both a drunkard and unclean at hand. It doesn’t work to work, ”says that“ no matter how you suffer from work, you will not be rich, but you will be a hunchback! Vlas is left as a burgher, and the old gentleman is told that Klim, who has a “conscience of clay,” has become him. The old orders are back. Looking at how the old prince disposes of his estate, the peasants laugh at him.

Klim reads orders to the peasants; from one it follows that the house of the widow Terentyeva has collapsed and she is forced to beg, and therefore she must marry Gavrila Zhokhov and the house should be repaired. The widow is already close to seventy, and Gavrila is a six-year-old child. Another order says that the shepherds should "calm down the cows" so that they do not wake the master. From the next order it was clear that the watchman's "dog is disrespectful", barked at the master, and therefore the watchman must be driven away and Eremka appointed. He is deaf and mute from birth.

Agap Petrov refuses to obey the old rules. The old master finds him stealing wood, and he calls the landowner a jester. Peasant souls possession It's over. You are the last!

You are the last! By grace

Peasant our stupidity

Today you are in charge

And tomorrow we'll follow

Pink - and the ball is over!

Here Utyatin had a second blow. From the new order it followed that Agapa should be punished "for unparalleled audacity." Agapa begin to persuade the whole world. Klim drinks with him for a day and then brings him to the manor's yard. The old prince is sitting on the porch. In front of Agap at the stable they put a damask of wine and ask to shout louder. The peasant screams so that the landowner takes pity on him. Drunk Agap was carried home. He was not destined to live long, because soon "Klim the shameless ruined him, anathema, with a blame!"

Gentlemen are sitting at the table: the old prince, on the sides are two young ladies, three boys, their nanny, “Last sons”, obsequious servants: teachers, poor noblewomen; the lackeys make sure that the flies do not bother him, they assent to him from everywhere. The master's steward, when asked by the master whether the haymaking will soon be completed, speaks of the "master's term." Utyatin laughs: “The master’s term is the whole life of a slave!” The steward says: "Everything is yours, everything is master's!"

It's written for you

Watch over the stupid peasantry,

And we work, obey,

Pray for the Lord!

One man laughs. Utyatin demands punishment. The steward turns to the wanderers, asks one of them to confess, but they only nod at each other. The sons of the Last say that "a rich man ... a Petersburger" was laughing. "Our orders are wonderful to him so far as a curiosity." Utyatin calms down only after the burmistrov's godfather asks him to forgive her son, who laughed, since he is an unintelligent boy.

Utyatin does not deny himself anything: he drinks champagne without measure, “pinches beautiful daughters-in-law”; music and singing are heard, girls are dancing; he ridicules his sons and their wives, who dance before his eyes. To the song of the “blond lady”, the Last falls asleep, and he is transferred to the boat. Klim says:

Do not know about the new will,

Die as you lived, landowner,

To the songs of our slaves,

To the music of servile -

Yes, just hurry up!

Let the peasant rest!

Everyone will know that after eating the master had a new stroke, as a result of which he died. The peasants rejoice, but in vain, because "with the death of the Last, the caress of the lord disappeared."

The sons of the landlord "compete with the peasants to this day." Vlas was in St. Petersburg, now he lives in Moscow, he is trying to stand up for the peasants, but he does not succeed.

PIR - FOR THE WHOLE WORLD

(From the second part)

Dedicated to Sergei Petrovich Botkin

Introduction

Klim Yakovlich organized a feast in the village. “Vlas the headman” sent his son for the parish deacon Tryphon, with whom his sons, seminarians, Savvushka and Grisha, also came.

Simple guys, kind,

Mowed, reaped, sowed

And drank vodka on holidays

equal to the peasantry.

When the prince died, the peasants did not suspect that they would have to decide what to do with the flooded meadows.

And after drinking a glass,

First of all, they argued:

How should they be with the meadows?

They decide "to hand over the meadows to the headman - on taxes: everything is weighed, calculated, just quitrent and taxes, with a surplus."

After that, "continuous clamor and songs began." They ask Vlas if he agrees with this decision. Vlas “was sick of the whole Vakhlachin”, he honestly carried out his service, but now he was thinking how to live “without corvee ... without tax ... without a stick ... is it true, Lord?”

1. Bitter times - bitter songs

- Eat prison, Yasha!

There is no milk!

"Where is our cow?"

— Take away, my light!

Master for offspring Took her home.

It is glorious for the people to live In Russia, a saint!

"Where are our chickens?" —

The girls are yelling.

- Don't yell, fools!

The Zemsky court ate them;

I took another supply

Yes, he promised to stay ...

It's nice to live people

Saint in Russia!

Broke my back

And the sourdough doesn't wait!

Baba Katerina

Remembered - roars:

In the yard for over a year

Daughter ... no dear!

It's nice to live people

Saint in Russia!

A little from the kids

Look - and there are no children:

The king will take the boys

Barin - daughters!

One freak

Live with family.

It's nice to live people

Saint in Russia!

Corvee

Poor, unkempt Kalinushka,

Nothing for him to flaunt

Only the back is painted

Yes, you don’t know behind the shirt.

From the bast to the gate

The skin is all torn

Puzznet belly from the chaff.

twisted, twisted,

Slashed, tormented,

Hardly Kalina wanders.

It will knock on the feet of the tavern keeper,

Sorrow drowns in wine

Only on Saturday will come around

From the master's stables to his wife~.

Peasants remember the old order.

Day is hard labor, but night?

-L silently got drunk,

Kissed in silence

The fight went on in silence.

One of the peasants says that their young lady Gertruda Aleksandrovna ordered that the one who says a strong word be punished ... and the peasant does not bark - it’s the only thing to be silent. When the peasants “celebrated their freedom,” they swore so hard that the priest was offended.

Vikenty Alexandrovich, nicknamed "Exit", tells about the "opportunity" that happened to them.

About the exemplary serf - Jacob the faithful

The landowner Polivanov, who “bought a village with bribes” and was distinguished by cruelty, giving his daughter in marriage, quarreled with his son-in-law, and therefore ordered him to be whipped, and kicked him out with his daughter without giving him anything.

In the teeth of an exemplary slave,

Jacob the faithful

Like he was blowing with his heel.

Yakov was more faithful than a dog, he pleased his master, and the harder the owner punished him, the sweeter he was for him. The bartender's legs hurt. He constantly calls his servant to serve him.

Yakov's nephew decided to marry the girl Arisha and turned to the master for permission. Despite the fact that Yakov asks for his nephew, he gives Grisha to the soldiers, since he has his own intentions regarding the girl. Jacob got drunk and disappeared. The landowner is uneasy, he is used to his faithful servant. Two weeks later, Jacob appears. The servant takes Polivanov to his sister through the forest and turns into a remote place, where he throws the reins over the bough and hangs himself, telling the master that he will not dirty his hands with murder. The master calls people for help, spends the whole night in the Devil's ravine. The hunter finds him. At home, Polivanov laments: “I am a sinner, a sinner! Execute me!"

The peasants decide who is more sinful - "tavern owners", "landlords" or, as Ignaty Prokhorov said, "muzhiks". “We should listen to him,” but the peasants did not let him say a word. “Eremin, the brother of the merchant, who bought anything from the peasants,” says that “robbers” are the most sinful of all. Klim Lavin fights him and wins. Suddenly, Ionushka enters the conversation.

2. Wanderers and pilgrims

Ionushka says that wanderers and pilgrims are different.

people's conscience:

Got tired of the decision

What is more misfortune here,

Than lies - they are served.

It happens that "the wanderer will turn out to be a thief", "there are great masters to please the ladies."

Others don't do good

And evil is not seen behind him,

You won't understand otherwise. ^

Ionushka tells a story about the holy fool Fomushka, who "lives like a god." He called people to flee to the forests, was arrested and taken to prison, but from the cart he shouted to the peasants: “... they beat you with sticks, rods, whips, you will be beaten with iron rods!” The next morning came to understand the military team. She carried out interrogations, pacification, so that Fomushka's words were almost justified.

After that, Ionushka tells another story about God's messenger Euphrosyne. She appears in the cholera years and "buries, heals, fusses with the sick."

If there is a wanderer in the family, then the owners follow him, “wouldn’t shave anything,” and women listen to stories on long winter evenings, which the “wretched and timid” have a lot of: how the Turks drowned the monks of Athos in the sea.

Who has seen how he listens

Of their passing wanderers

peasant family,

Understand that no work

Not eternal care

Nor the yoke of long slavery,

No taverns themselves

More Russian people

No limits set:

Before him is a wide path!

Soil is good

The soul of the Russian people...

O sower! come!..

Iona Lyapushkin was a pilgrim and a wanderer. The peasants were arguing about who would give him shelter first, and icons were brought out to meet him. Jonah went with those whose icon he liked best, often behind the poorest. Jonah tells a parable about two great sinners.

About two great sinners

This story is very ancient. Jonah learned about it from Father Pitirim in Solovki. The ataman of the twelve robbers was Kudeyar. They hunted in the forest, robbed, shed human blood. Kudeyar took a beautiful girl out of Kyiv.

Suddenly, the leader of the robbers began to imagine the people he had killed. He “blew off his mistress’s head and spotted the Yesaul”, and then “an old man in monastic clothes” returned to his native land, where he tirelessly prays to the Lord to forgive him his sins. An angel appears, pointing to a huge oak tree, telling Kudeyar that the Lord will forgive his sins if he cuts the tree with the same knife that killed people.

Kudeyar began to fulfill God's command. Pan Glukhovsky is passing by, he is interested in what he is doing. He heard a lot of terrible things about Pan Kudeyar himself, and therefore told him about himself.

Pan chuckled: "Salvation

I haven't had tea for a long time

In the world I honor only a woman,

Gold, honor and wine.

You have to live, old man, in my opinion:

How many slaves I destroy

I torture, I torture and hang,

And I would like to see how I sleep!

Kudeyar pounces on Glukhovsky and plunges a knife into his heart. Immediately after this, the oak falls. Thus, the hermit "rolled down ... the burden of sins."

3. Old and new

Jonah leaves on the ferry. Again the peasants start talking about sins. Vlas says that "the sin of the nobility is great." Ignat Prokhorov talks about peasant sin.

Peasant sin

The empress granted one admiral eight thousand souls of peasants for the service, for the battle with the Turks near Ochakovo. Being near death, the admiral gives the headman, whose name was Gleb, a casket. This casket contains a will, according to which all its peasants receive freedom.

A distant relative of the admiral came to the estate, learned from the headman about the will, promised him "mountains of gold." And then the will was burned.

The peasants agree with Ignat that this is a great sin. The wanderers sing a song.

hungry

The man is standing

swaying

A man is walking

Don't breathe!

From its bark

swelled up,

Longing trouble

Exhausted.

Darker face

Glass

Not seen

At the drunk.

Goes - puffs,

Walks and sleeps

Went there

Where the rye is noisy.

How the idol became

On the strip

"Rise, rise,

Rye is mother!

I am your plowman

Pankratushka!

I'll eat the rug

mountain mountain,

Eat a cheesecake

With a big table!

Eat all alone

I manage myself.

Whether mother or son

Ask - I will not give!

The deacon's son Grigory approaches the countrymen, who look sadly. Grisha Dobrosklonov talks about the freedom of the peasants and that "there will be no new Gleb in Russia." The deacon, father, “wept over Grisha: “God will create a little head! It’s not for nothing that he rushes to Moscow, to the new city!” Vlas wishes him gold, silver, a smart and healthy wife. He replies that he does not need all this, since he wants something else:

So that my countrymen

And every peasant

Lived freely and cheerfully

All over holy Russia!

When it began to get light, among the poor peasants saw " beaten man”, which is attacked with shouts of “beat him!”, “Egor Shutov - beat him!”. Fourteen villages “driven him away, as if through a system!”

A cart with hay rides, on which soldier Ovsyannikov sits with his niece Ustinyushka. He was fed by the district committee, but the instrument broke. Ovsyannikov bought "three yellow spoons", "in due time he came up with new words, and the spoons went into action." The headman asks him to sing. The soldier sings a song.

Soldier's

Toshen light,

There is no truth

Life is boring

The pain is strong.

German bullets,

Turkish bullets,

French bullets,

Russian sticks!..

Klim compares Ovsyannikov with a deck on which he has been chopping wood since his youth, saying that "it is not so wounded." The soldier did not receive a full pension, since the doctor's assistant recognized his wounds as second-class. Ovsyannikov had to apply again with a petition. “They measured the wounds with versts and estimated each one a little more than a copper penny.”

4. Good time - good songs

The feast ended in the morning. The people go home. Swinging, Savva and Grisha lead their father home. They sing a song.

The share of the people

his happiness,

Light and freedom

Primarily!

We are a little

We ask God:

honest deal

do skillfully

Give us strength!

Working life -

Direct to friend

Road to the heart

Away from the threshold

Coward and lazy!

Isn't it heaven?

The share of the people

his happiness,

Light and freedom

Primarily!

Tryphon lived very poorly. The children put their father to bed. Savva starts reading a book. Grisha goes to the fields, to the meadows. He has a thin face, because in the seminary the seminarians were malnourished because of the "grabber-economist." He was the favorite son of his now deceased mother, Domna, who "thought about salt all her life." Peasant women sing a song called "Salty". It says that the mother gives her son a piece of bread, and he asks to sprinkle it with salt. The mother sprinkles flour, but the son "twisted his mouth." Tears drip on a piece of bread.

Missed mother -

Saved my son.-

Know, salt

There was a tear!

Often Grisha recalled this song, grieved for his mother, the love for which merged in his soul with the love for all the peasants, for whom he is ready to die.

In the middle of the world

For a free heart

There are two ways.

Weigh the proud strength

Weigh your firm will,

How to go?

One spacious

The road is tortuous,

The passions of a slave

On it is huge,

Hungry for temptation

The crowd is coming.

About sincere life

About the lofty goal

There thought is ridiculous.

Boils there eternal

Inhuman

feud-war

For mortal blessings...

There are captive souls

Full of sin.

Looks shiny

There life is deadly

Good deaf.

The other one is tight

The road is honest

They walk on it

Only strong souls

loving,

To fight, to work.

For the bypassed

For the oppressed

Join their ranks.

Go to the downtrodden

Go to the offended -

You are needed there.

No matter how dark vakhlachina,

No matter how crowded with corvee

And slavery - and she,

Blessed, put

In Grigory Dobrosklonov.

Such a messenger.

Fate prepared for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

people's protector,

Consumption and Siberia.

In another song, Gregory believes that, despite the fact that his country has suffered a lot, it will not perish, as "the Russian people are gathering strength and learning to be a citizen."

Seeing a barge hauler who, after work, clinking copper in his pocket, goes to a tavern, Grigory sings the following song:

You are poor

You are abundant

You are powerful

You are powerless

Mother Russia!

Saved in bondage

Free heart -

Gold, gold

The heart of the people!

The strength of the people

mighty force -

Conscience is calm

The truth is alive!

Strength with unrighteousness

They don't get along

Victim of untruth

Not invoked -

Russia does not stir

Russia is dead!

And lit up in it

The hidden spark

We got up - unwary,

Came out - uninvited,

Live by the grain

Mountains of Nanogeens!

Rat rises -

Innumerable!

The strength will affect her

Invincible!

You are poor

You are abundant

You are beaten

You are almighty

Mother Russia!

Grisha is proud of his songs, because "he sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people!"

The work of the great Russian poet tells us about how seven peasants decided throughout Russia to find a happy person during their journey. According to the author's idea, the peasants were supposed to reach St. Petersburg, but due to a serious illness and the sudden death of Nikolai Alexandrovich, the poem remained so unfinished.

So, at the crossroads, seven peasants from the Terpigorevo district meet, but only each of them is from different poor and miserable villages. They all argue with each other who lives best of all. One claims that he is a landowner, the other that he is a pop.

Each left the house on an important matter, but when they met, they started a conversation on this topic to such an extent that they not only forgot about everything in the world, but also began to fight during the dispute.

Having reached the forest, they continued their conflict, and alarmed all the animals and birds. Frightened by such a noise, a chick falls out of the nest and the peasants pick it up, and they think that it is easier for the bird to find out where it is good to live in Russia. Frightened chiffchiff, the mother of the chick flies up to them and asks to give her the chick. As a reward, she shows where the treasure is buried, and there is a magic tablecloth that will always give them water and food, but you can’t ask for a lot of alcohol. She enchants their clothes so that they are safe and sound on the way and fly away with her chick. Satisfied peasants, having eaten and drunk, decide not to return home until they find out who lives well.

Walking along the road, they meet different people. These are both soldiers and apprentices, but by their appearance it is immediately clear that their life is not sweet. Late in the evening they come across a priest, t whom they learn about his fate. As the priest himself thinks, his happiness should lie in peace, wealth and respect for him. But in fact, this is not so. The groans of dying people, a long service with crying does not bring him any peace. When the priest finished howling a sad story, he leaves and the peasants attack Luka, who proved that the priest lives richly, but in fact, it turned out not to be so.

After a dispute, the peasants end up at a fair in the village of Kuzminskoye, which is famous for its large number of taverns and drunken people. Books are also sold here, but more and more with simple pictures. And no one knows when they will start buying and reading the literature of Russian classics. The men, being at the fair, continue their journey, but it was already at night. And in the dark they hear the conversations of different people about their troubles and problems. One of the wanderers reproaches the peasants for such a way of life. And Yakim Goly, who lives in this village, justifies his villagers. After all, they do not drink from a good life.

Travelers, having collected a bucket of vodka, decide to find out which of the inhabitants is in this life.

The bucket quickly emptied, but the lucky one was never found.

Continuing on their way, the peasants come across the landowner Gavrila Afanasyevich Obolta-Obolduev, who told them his story. He was a kind master, his servants loved him, but they took away his land, squandered his economy, and ordered him to work himself, but he was not taught this.

Then they come across a peasant woman Korchagina Matryona Timofeevna, who told about her difficult woman's lot. All her life she worked for her husband's relatives, she lost her eldest son Demushka, whom she still cannot forget about. And as the woman says, that women's happiness is unknown where it is.

The most glorious place for our heroes seems to be the village of Vakhlachina, where the festivities take place. The peasants are also feasting, joined by two seminarians who sing joyful songs and tell interesting stories. One of them, Grisha, has been firmly convinced since the age of 15 that he wants to dedicate his fate to the happiness of the people. In the future it will be the people's intercessor. But the peasants do not hear him, otherwise they would have understood that a happy man is standing in front.

After all, it is precisely the appearance of such people as Gregory that Russia will rise from its slave knees and people's happiness will come.

The main idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe story Who in Russia lives well Nekrasov

The work teaches us to understand what is the value of true happiness. And for this you don’t need much - it’s friendly and a strong family, a job that brings joy and profit for yourself, and show yourself in this life as such a person that others respect you.

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Nekrasov N. A. All Works

• Grandpa
• Who lives well in Russia
• Schoolboy

Who in Russia live well. Picture for the story

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