because action producers are different). 5) Climbing a mountain
top, they saw the sea in the distance. 6) The forest stands silently, motionless,
as if peering somewhere with its tops.
№ 413. 1) When the detachment crossed a low mountain range, then
I found myself in a valley overgrown with dense forest. 2) Big tree,
which lay on the ground, blocked the path. 3) When you join
forest, which stretches for several hundred kilometers, then unwittingly
you experience a feeling of some timidity. 4) Although travelers
They were very tired, but they still stubbornly walked forward. 5) They moved
further after you have rested and quenched your thirst. 6) When we
As they approached the sea, they heard its muffled noise from afar.
№ 414. In his poem, he [Pushkin] was able to touch on so much,
to mention so many things that belong exclusively to the world
Russian nature, to the world of Russian society. "Onegin" can be
be called an encyclopedia of Russian life and extremely popular
work. Is it surprising that this poem was accepted with such
with such delight from the public and had such a huge influence on so-
temporary for her, and for subsequent Russian literature? And her influence
influence on the morals of society? It was an act of consciousness for the Russian society.
creatures, almost the first, but such a great step forward for non-
th. This step was of heroic scope, and after it standing on
in one place has become impossible. Let time pass and
brings with it new needs, new ideas, let the Russian grow
society overtakes Onegin, no matter how far it goes, but still
whenever it loves this poem, it will always dwell on it
a look filled with love and gratitude!
№ 415. 1) Kutuzov wrote that the Russians did not retreat a single step, that
the French lost much more than ours, which he reports in a hurry
from the battlefield, not having had time to collect the latest information.
, (what...), (what...), (what...).
2) In the best friendships, flattery and praise are necessary.
Dima, how lubricant is necessary for wheels to move.
, (how...), (to...).
3) They [Sintsov and Masha] arrived at the mother’s car’s apartment on
Usachevka, where we recently spent two days on the way to Symphony
Ropol and where we returned now with such a feeling as if we had lived
not five days, but five years.
, (where...) and (where...), (as if...).
138
4) Serpilin looked at the artillerymen, wondering if it could be
what he just heard was true.
, (), (What…).
5) The night was so black that in the first minutes, until my eyes
sang after light to darkness, we had to grope to find the
horn.
, (what..., (for now...)).
6) When their work [the fishermen] is over and the wet net lies on the
bow platform of the longboat, I see that the whole bottom is covered with living things,
moving fish.
(when...) and (...), , (what...).
7) It seems to me that if I followed him for a long time
for how many years, he would also be elusive. , (what..., (if...)).
8) Dasha noticed that when, after the bell rang, he appeared in the dining room
Roshchin, Katya didn’t immediately turn her head towards him, but for a minute
hesitated.
, (what..., (when...)).
9) Planting a tree, and thus I am having fun, that if there is no shadow from it
I’ll wait, then my grandson will once enjoy that shadow.
, (what if...), (then...).
№ 416. 1) Be persistent, tenacious, but not stubborn... Remember that
there are many smart people in the world who can notice you
mistakes, and if they are right, feel free to agree with them.
, (what...), (which...), [and, (if...),].
2) Experience confirms that good feelings must go root-
we went back to childhood, but humanity, kindness, affection, goodwill
are born in work, worries, worries about the beauty of the surrounding world -
ra. , (what...), and (...). Good feelings, emotional culture -
it is the center of humanity.
3) I am sure that in order to fully master the Russian language, in order
in order not to lose the feeling of this language, you need not only constant
communication with ordinary Russian people, but also communication with pastures and

Diagnostic tasks

7. Specify the offer, not being complex, which includes homogeneous subordinate clauses.

But it's sad to think that it's in vain
We were given youth
That they cheated on her all the time,
That she deceived us;
What are our best wishes?
What are our fresh dreams
Decayed in quick succession,
Like rotten leaves in autumn. (A.S. Pushkin)

She whispers to him about some unknown side, where there are neither nights nor cold, where miracles happen, where rivers of honey and milk flow, where no one does anything all year round, and all day long they only know that all good people are walking. Well done, such as Ilya Ilyich, and beauties, no matter what you can say in a fairy tale or describe with a pen. (I.A. Goncharov)

It appears sometimes poetically diverse, deeply, sometimes correctly, clearly, gradually and naturally. (I.A. Goncharov)

He replied that the land was now his and that it previously belonged to Dubrovsky. (A.S. Pushkin)

8. Specify misspelled sentence in the placement of punctuation marks.

Kutuzov wrote that the Russians did not retreat a single step, that the French lost much more than we did, that he was reporting in a hurry from the battlefield without having yet had time to collect the latest information. (L.N. Tolstoy)

But when the event took on its real, historical dimensions, when it turned out to be insufficient to express one’s hatred of the French in words alone, when it was impossible even to express this hatred through battle, when self-confidence turned out to be useless in relation to one issue of Moscow, when the entire population, like one person, , abandoning his property, sweating out of Moscow, showing with this negative action the full strength of his national feeling - then the role chosen by Rostopchin suddenly turned out to be meaningless. (L.N. Tolstoy)

The most severe disorder and despondency was in that convoy in front of Znaim, which Prince Andrei drove around in the morning and which was ten miles from the French. (L.N. Tolstoy)

The orderly announced to Rostov that an hour ago the sovereign had been driven at full speed in a carriage along this very road, and that the sovereign was dangerously wounded. (L.N. Tolstoy)

9. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses in the following complex sentence:

Petya should have known that he was in the forest, in Denisov’s party, a mile from the road, that he was sitting on a wagon captured from the French, around which the horses were tied, that the Cossack Likhachev was sitting under him and sharpening his saber, that there was a big black spot to the right is a guardhouse, and a bright red spot below to the left is a dying fire, that the man who came for a cup is a hussar who was thirsty; but he knew nothing and did not want to know it. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause; 2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.

I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous And parallel(heterogeneous).

1. Homogeneous subordinate clauses have the same meaning and, like homogeneous members, are pronounced in the tone of enumeration; There may be coordinating conjunctions between them. The connection of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main one is called subordination, therefore homogeneous subordinate clauses are called subordinates.

If subordinate sentences are connected by coordinating conjunctions, then a comma is placed between them according to the same rules as with homogeneous members: It was obvious, What Savelich was right in front of me and What I needlessly insulted him with reproach and suspicion. (P.) With the main sentence, there are two homogeneous (subordinate) sentences (explanatory), which are connected by a single conjunction And, which is not preceded by a comma:

If homogeneous subordinate clauses are not connected by a coordinating conjunction, a comma is placed between them: I saw How the stars began to fog and lose their radiance, How a light sigh of coolness swept across the earth. (Ch.) With the main sentence, there are two homogeneous (subordinate) sentences (expository), which are connected by the intonation of enumeration, with a comma between them:

If there are several homogeneous clauses, then punctuation marks are placed according to the same rules as for homogeneous clauses, cf.: I love the forests near Moscow And when they rustle merrily in the summer breeze, And when they, covered in snow, sleep peacefully under the cold light of the moon. With the main clause there are two homogeneous (subordinate) subordinate clauses (of time); every subordinate clause is preceded by a conjunction And; before the second union And comma added:

If the main clause has two homogeneous subordinate clauses (qualifiers), which are very common and have commas inside them, then a semicolon is placed between them: It was that hour before night, When outlines, lines, colors, distances are erased; When The daylight is still confused, inextricably linked with the night. (Shol.)

2. With the main clause there may be heterogeneous subordinate clauses, which have different meanings, for example: When our boat headed from the frigate to the shore, we saw What Many women and children rushed to flee from the village. (Gonch.) With the main clause there are two heterogeneous subordinate clauses (a subordinate clause and a subordinate clause), which are separated from the main clause by commas. This is a complex sentence with parallel subordination:

II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first refers to the main clause (1st degree clause), the second refers to the 1st degree clause (2nd degree clause), etc. This connection of sentences is called consistent submission, for example: It was night, When I went outside from the house, Where I read my story with my loved ones. (T.)

Subordinate clause of the 1st degree - subordinate clause of time; subordinate clause of the 2nd degree - attributive clause.

With sequential subordination, one clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating conjunctions nearby, for example: The old man warned that if the weather does not improve, there is nothing to think about fishing. With the main clause there is an explanatory clause, and with it there is a subordinate conditional located inside the first subordinate clause:

If in a complex sentence there are conjunctions nearby (what if; that although, etc.), then a comma is placed between the conjunctions (see example above). A comma is not placed if there is a second part of the conjunction - That or So, for example: 1) The old man warned that if the weather does not improve, then there is nothing to think about fishing; 2) The brother strictly told Alyosha that if he promised to bring the book, he must fulfill his promise.

III. There are such complex sentences in which the indicated types of sentences are combined, for example: In the silence it was clearly heard, How the man groaned and How The crust crunched heavily under the bear’s feet, whom An unusual rumble and crackling drove him out of the forest. (Floor.)

471. Copy it using missing punctuation marks. Identify the grammatical basis of each sentence. Make diagrams.

1) Kutuzov wrote that the Russians did not retreat a single step, that the French lost much more than ours, that he was reporting in a hurry from the battlefield without having yet managed to collect the latest information. (L.T.) 2) In the best friendships, flattery and praise are necessary like grease is necessary for wheels to keep them moving. (L.T.) 3) After the exam, my father and I were immediately told that I had been accepted and that I was given leave until the first of September. (Boon.) 4) Serpilin looked at the artillerymen, wondering if what he had just heard could be true. (K.S.) 5) The night was so black that in the first minutes, until my eyes got used to the darkness after the light, I had to feel my way to find my way. (Kupr.) 6) When their [the fishermen’s] work is over and the wet net again lies on the bow platform of the longboat, I see that the entire bottom is covered with living, still moving fish. (Kupr.)) It seems to me that if I had followed him for several years, he would also have been elusive. (Kupr.) 8) Dasha noticed that when Roshchin appeared in the dining room after the bell, Katya did not immediately turn her head to him, but hesitated for a minute. (A.N.T.) 9) By planting trees, I am having fun because if I don’t get any shade from him, then my grandson will one day enjoy that shade. (Kr.)

472. Read it. Copy using punctuation marks and make diagrams of complex sentences.

1) Be persistent and persistent but not stubborn... Remember that there are many smart people in the world who can notice your mistakes and if they are right, do not hesitate to agree with them. (Rev.) 2) Experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood, and humanity, kindness, affection, goodwill are born in work, worries, worries about the beauty of the world around us. Good feelings, emotional culture is the center of humanity. (Sukhoml.) 3) I am sure that in order to fully master the Russian language in order not to lose the feeling of this language, you need not only constant communication with ordinary Russian people, but communication with pastures and forests, waters, old willows, the whistling of birds and with every flower that nods its head from -under a hazel bush. (Paust.)

473. From three simple sentences, make one complex sentence and write it down.

Sample. Nature is a powerful source of human education. With the knowledge of nature, however, the formation of his mind, feelings, and beliefs only begins. Only in work and in social relations is a person’s moral character, his spiritual culture, and worldview formed ( although, because). - Although nature is a powerful source of human upbringing, with the knowledge of nature, however, the formation of his mind, feelings, and beliefs only begins, because only in work, in social relations, a person’s moral image, his spiritual culture, and worldview are formed.

1) Everything comes easy to a person in learning. He doesn't work hard to develop his abilities. He gradually develops laziness of thought. It can also create a frivolous attitude towards life ( if..., if..., which...). 2) Reading is one of the sources of thinking and mental development. We must accustom ourselves to read carefully and thoughtfully. Reading has become a stimulus for a rich spiritual life ( since... to...). 3) You need to learn one simple truth. We live in a special era. Without solid scientific knowledge, active participation in public life is impossible ( what..., when...). 4) Without good reading skills it is difficult to study. It is not enough to know letters, syllables, and be able to read words. Reading should be fluent, fast ( so... because...).

474. Write down using punctuation marks and explaining their use. Make diagrams of sentences 1-6.

1) Princess Marya begged her brother to wait another day and said that she knew how unhappy her father would be if Andrei left without making peace with him. (L.T.) 2) Already by the way the butler met them on the porch of Odintsovo’s house, the friends could guess that they acted unwisely by succumbing to the fantasy that suddenly came to them. (T.) 3) He [Bassistov] was on friendly terms with everyone else, which the hostess didn’t quite like, no matter how she talked about the fact that prejudices don’t exist for her. (T.) 4) When the passions completely subsided and a calm discussion began, I finally decided to ask Louvain what they were talking about now. (Prishv.) 5) When Chelkash, changing places with him, looked into his face and noticed that he was staggering on trembling legs, he felt even more sorry for the guy. (M.G.) 6) And suddenly on the crest of this hill, at the point where the well-traveled road seemed to end, a dark spot appeared which quickly began to stretch out towards you in the form of a dark narrow ribbon. (F.) 7) I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the stubborn old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage. (P.) 8) She [Kashtanka] knew from experience that the sooner you fall asleep, the sooner the morning will come. (Ch.) 9) I love this poor nature, maybe because whatever it is, it still belongs to me. (S.-Shch.) 10) Understand that if you wrote stories the way you write letters, you would have long ago been a great great man... I think that if you are not lazy, you will write well. (Ch.)

475. Write it down using punctuation marks. Make diagrams of sentences 1-4.

1) Now that he is gone, you especially painfully feel how precious his every word was, smile, movement, glance in which his beautiful chosen aristocratic soul shone. 2) Anton Pavlovich (didn’t) like and (didn’t) get angry when they told him that his dacha was too little protected from dust flying (from) above from the highway and that the garden was poorly supplied with water. 3) How often he must have thought about the future happiness of humanity when in the morning he silently pruned his roses, still damp from dew, or carefully examined a young shoot wounded by the wind. 4) Chekhov was treated with great and heartfelt love by all the simpler people he encountered: servants, peddlers, porters, wanderers, postmen. 5) On good warm mornings you could see him on a bench behind the house in the most secluded part of the dacha where there were tubs of oleanders along the walls and where he himself had planted a cypress tree. 6) But it was necessary to look. There are certain moments of Chekhov, alas, so rare in recent years, when he was overcome by joy and when he threw off his pince-nez with a quick movement of his hand and, rocking back and forth on his chair, burst into a sweet, sincere, deep laugh. (A. Kuprin)

Anna Pavlovna's premonition really came true. The next day, during a prayer service in the palace on the occasion of the sovereign's birthday, Prince Volkonsky was called from the church and received an envelope from Prince Kutuzov. This was a report from Kutuzov, written on the day of the battle from Tatarinova. Kutuzov wrote that the Russians did not retreat a single step, that the French lost much more than we did, that he was reporting in a hurry from the battlefield, without having yet managed to collect the latest information. Therefore, it was a victory. And immediately, without leaving the temple, gratitude was given to the creator for his help and for the victory. Anna Pavlovna's premonition was justified, and a joyful and festive mood reigned in the city all morning. Everyone recognized the victory as complete, and some were already talking about the capture of Napoleon himself, his deposition and the election of a new head for France. Far from business and among the conditions of court life, it is very difficult for events to be reflected in all their Completeness and strength. Involuntarily, general events are grouped around one particular case. So now the main joy of the courtiers was as much in the fact that we had won as in the fact that the news of this victory fell precisely on the sovereign’s birthday. It was like a successful surprise. Kutuzov’s news also spoke about Russian losses, and Tuchkov, Bagration, and Kutaisov were named among them. Also, the sad side of the event involuntarily in the local St. Petersburg world was grouped around one event - the death of Kutaisov. Everyone knew him, the sovereign loved him, he was young and interesting. On this day everyone met with the words: - How amazing it happened. At the very prayer service. And what a loss for the Kutais! Oh, what a pity! - What did I tell you about Kutuzov? - Prince Vasily now spoke with the pride of a prophet. “I always said that he alone is capable of defeating Napoleon.” But the next day there was no news from the army, and the general voice became alarming. The courtiers suffered for the suffering of the unknown in which the sovereign was. - What is the position of the sovereign! - said the courtiers and no longer praised him as the day before, but now condemned Kutuzov, who was the cause of the sovereign’s anxiety. On this day, Prince Vasily no longer boasted about his protégé Kutuzov, but remained silent when it came to the commander-in-chief. In addition, by the evening of this day, everything seemed to come together in order to plunge the residents of St. Petersburg into alarm and worry: another terrible news was added. Countess Elena Bezukhova died suddenly from this terrible disease, which was so pleasant to pronounce. Officially, in large societies, everyone said that Countess Bezukhova died from a terrible attack of angine pectorale, but in intimate circles they told details about how le médecin intime de la Reine d "Espagne prescribed Helen small doses of some medicine to produce a known effect; but how Helene, tormented by the fact that the old count suspected her, and by the fact that the husband to whom she wrote (that unfortunate depraved Pierre) did not answer her, suddenly took a huge dose of the medicine prescribed for her and died in agony before help could be given. They said that Prince Vasily and the old count took on the Italian; but the Italian showed such notes from the unfortunate deceased that he was immediately released. The general conversation centered around three sad events: the unknown of the sovereign, the death of Kutaisov and the death of Helen. On the third day after Kutuzov’s report, a landowner from Moscow arrived in St. Petersburg, and news of the surrender of Moscow to the French spread throughout the city. It was terrible! What was the position of the sovereign! Kutuzov was a traitor, and Prince Vasily, during the visites de condoléance that were given to him on the occasion of the death of his daughter, spoke about Kutuzov, whom he had previously praised (he could be forgiven in his sadness for forgetting what he had said before), he said that it was impossible to expect nothing else from a blind and depraved old man. “I’m only surprised how it was possible to entrust the fate of Russia to such a person.” While this news was still unofficial, one could still doubt it, but the next day the following report came from Count Rostopchin: “The adjutant of Prince Kutuzov brought me a letter in which he demands from me police officers to accompany the army to the Ryazan road. He says that he is leaving Moscow with regret. Sovereign! Kutuzov’s act decides the lot of the capital and your empire; Russia will shudder when it learns about the cession of the city where the greatness of Russia is concentrated, where the ashes of your ancestors are. I will follow the army. I took everything away, I can only cry about the fate of my fatherland.” Having received this report, the sovereign sent the following rescript to Kutuzov with Prince Volkonsky: “Prince Mikhail Ilarionovich! Since August 29 I have not had any reports from you. Meanwhile, on September 1st, through Yaroslavl, from the Moscow commander-in-chief, I received the sad news that you had decided to leave Moscow with the army. You yourself can imagine the effect this news had on me, and your silence aggravates my surprise. I am sending with this the adjutant general, Prince Volkonsky, in order to find out from you about the situation of the army and about the reasons that prompted you to such sad determination.” II Anna Pavlovna's premonition really came true. The next day, during a prayer service in the palace on the occasion of the sovereign's birthday, Prince Volkonsky was called from the church and received an envelope from Prince Kutuzov. This was a report from Kutuzov, written on the day of the battle from Tatarinova. Kutuzov wrote that the Russians did not retreat a single step, that the French lost much more than we did, that he was reporting in a hurry from the battlefield, without having yet managed to collect the latest information. Therefore, it was a victory. And immediately, without leaving the temple, gratitude was given to the creator for his help and for the victory. Anna Pavlovna's premonition was justified, and a joyful and festive mood reigned in the city all morning. Everyone recognized the victory as complete, and some were already talking about the capture of Napoleon himself, his deposition and the election of a new head for France. Far from business and among the conditions of court life, it is very difficult for events to be reflected in all their fullness and force. Involuntarily, general events are grouped around one particular case. So now the main joy of the courtiers was as much in the fact that we had won as in the fact that the news of this victory fell precisely on the sovereign’s birthday. It was like a successful surprise. Kutuzov’s news also spoke about Russian losses, and Tuchkov, Bagration, and Kutaisov were named among them. Also, the sad side of the event involuntarily in the local, St. Petersburg world was grouped around one event - the death of Kutaisov. Everyone knew him, the sovereign loved him, he was young and interesting. On this day, everyone was greeted with the words: “How amazing it happened.” At the very prayer service. And what a loss for the Kutais! Oh, what a pity! - What did I tell you about Kutuzov? - Prince Vasily now spoke with the pride of a prophet. “I always said that he alone is capable of defeating Napoleon.” But the next day there was no news from the army, and the general voice became alarming. The courtiers suffered for the suffering of the unknown in which the sovereign was. - What is the position of the sovereign! - said the courtiers and no longer praised him as the day before, but now condemned Kutuzov, who was the cause of the sovereign’s anxiety. On this day, Prince Vasily no longer boasted about his protege Kutuzov, but remained silent when it came to the commander-in-chief. In addition, by the evening of this day, everything seemed to come together in order to plunge the residents of St. Petersburg into alarm and worry: another terrible news was added. Countess Elena Bezukhova died suddenly from this terrible disease, which was so pleasant to pronounce. Officially, in large societies, everyone said that Countess Bezukhova died from a terrible attack of angine pectorale, but in intimate circles they told details about how le medecin intime de la. Reine d'Espagne prescribed Helen small doses of some medicine to produce a certain effect; but how Helen, tormented by the fact that the old count suspected her, and by the fact that the husband to whom she wrote (that unfortunate depraved Pierre) did not answer her, she suddenly took a huge dose of the medicine prescribed for her and died in agony before help could be given. They said that Prince Vasily and the old count took on the Italian; but the Italian showed such notes from the unfortunate deceased that he was immediately released. three sad events: the unknown of the sovereign, the death of Kutaisov and the death of Helen. On the third day after Kutuzov’s report, a landowner from Moscow arrived in St. Petersburg, and the news of the surrender of Moscow to the French spread throughout the city. What a terrible situation the sovereign was in! and Prince Vasily, during the visites de condoleance that were given to him on the occasion of the death of his daughter, spoke about Kutuzov, whom he had previously praised (he could be forgiven in his sadness for forgetting what he had said before), he said that nothing else could be expected from a blind man and a depraved old man. “I’m only surprised how it was possible to entrust the fate of Russia to such a person.” While this news was still unofficial, one could still doubt it, but the next day the following report came from Count Rostopchin: “The adjutant of Prince Kutuzov brought me a letter in which he demands from me police officers to accompany the army to the Ryazan road. He says , that with regret he leaves Moscow. Sovereign! Kutuzov’s act decides the fate of the capital and your empire. Russia will shudder when it learns about the surrender of the city where the greatness of Russia is concentrated, where the ashes of your ancestors will follow. I have taken everything away, I can only cry about my fate. my fatherland." Having received this report, the sovereign sent the following rescript to Kutuzov with Prince Volkonsky: “Prince Mikhail Ilarionovich! Since August 29, I have not had any reports from you. Meanwhile, on September 1, through Yaroslavl, from the Moscow commander-in-chief, I received the sad news that you decided to leave Moscow with the army. You yourself can imagine the effect this news had on me, and your silence aggravates my surprise. I am sending Adjutant General Prince Volkonsky with this to learn from you about the position of the army and the reasons that prompted you to do so. sad determination."