Predicate along with the subject, it is an element of the grammatical basis of the sentence. The predicate denotes the action that the subject performs, as well as its state or attribute, therefore, the predicate answers questions what to do? what to do? what happens to the item? what is the subject? what is he? Who is he? As a rule, the predicate is expressed by a verb, but there are other ways of expressing it - noun, adjective, pronoun, participle, etc.

The predicate of the Russian language is represented by three types - simple verbal predicate, compound verb and compound nominal. In order to quickly and correctly determine the type of predicate in a particular case, it is necessary, firstly, to present a diagram of the composition of the predicate, and secondly, to be able to apply the theoretical scheme to specific language material. Let's look at the types of predicates, briefly describe each of them and follow the implementation with an example.

1. Simple verb predicate.

This is the simplest type of predicate - it is expressed by a verb in some mood. For example, he plays; would have come earlier etc. Most often, this type is remembered using the formula: one word in the predicate, which means the predicate is a simple verb. It is not difficult to guess that this formula is erroneous: this type Predicates include predicates that contain 2, 3 or even more words. For example:

He will for a long time recall about the past(future complex).

Let stars forever illuminate your long, long winter journey(imperative).

He lost his temper (phraseologism).

They waited, waited And didn't wait (repetition of one verb in different forms).

Spring waited, waited nature(repetition of the same verb forms).

Don't be offended, but it will still be in my opinion(repetition of one verb with the particle not).

I'll go for a walk (combination different verbs in the same form).

2. Compound verb predicate.

This predicate is built according to the scheme: auxiliary verb + infinitive. All these elements must be present in the predicate so that we can call it a compound verb! Again, you should not think that this predicate consists of 2 components - there may be more of them.

He wants to enroll to the institute.

I'm long couldn't with them meet.

You must study.

He was looking to have fun.

I was unable to think about this.

Note that as auxiliary element Most often, phase verbs appear (those that indicate the phase of action - start, continue, become, quit) or modal words ( must, must, wants).

3. Compound nominal predicate.

Such a predicate consists of a linking verb and a nominal part. The most common linking verb be, but you can also find other connections. The nominal part is expressed as an adjective. Noun, adverb, participle, pronoun, etc.

Weather was good.

The book is true Friend.

He has character harder steel.

Grass beveled.

Evening quiet.

Error was obvious.

Twice two - four.

This notebook my.

As you can see, determining the type of predicate is not a difficult task; you just need to confidently and completely know the material and, most importantly, be able to navigate it.

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Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting an action or sign of what is expressed by the subject.

Predicate has lexical meaning(names what is reported about the reality named in the subject) and grammatical meaning(characterizes the statement from the point of view of reality or unreality and the correlation of the statement with the moment of speech, which is expressed by the forms of the mood of the verb, and in indicative mood- and time).

There are three main types of predicates: simple verb, compound verb And compound nominal .

Simple verbal predicate, ways of expressing it

Simple verb predicate(PGS) can be expressed in one word And ambiguous .

PGS- one word :

1) verb in conjugated form, that is, the form of one of the moods; in these cases, the predicate agrees with the subject: He read / is reading / will read / would read / let him read / this book.

2) verbal interjection or infinitive; There is no agreement between the predicate and the subject: And bang the hat right on the floor. As soon as the music starts, the boy immediately starts dancing.

PGS- phrase :

1. PGS - phraseologically free , But syntactically related phrase - may have the following structure and typical value:

1) repetition of the verb form to indicate the duration of the action:
I walk and walk, but it’s still a long way to the forest.

2) repetition of the verb form with a particle like this to indicate an intense or fully accomplished action:
That's what he said.

3) repetition of the same verb in different forms or verbs of the same root to enhance the meaning of the predicate:
He doesn’t sleep himself and doesn’t let others sleep.
I can't wait for spring.

4) a semantic verb with an auxiliary verb form that has lost or weakened its lexical meaning and introduces additional semantic shades into the sentence:
And he just say / know and sings to himself.

5) two verbs in the same grammatical form to denote an action and its purpose:
I'll go for a walk in the garden.

6) a verb with the particle was, introducing the meaning of a failed action:
I was getting ready to go to the cinema, but didn’t go.

7) design with an action intensity value:
All he does is sleep.

2. PGS- phraseological unit denotes a single action, indivisible in meaning into an action and its material object; in most cases, this phraseological unit can be replaced by one verb: to take part, to come to one's senses, to become enraged, to sound the alarm, to have the opportunity, to have the intention, to have the habit, to have the honor, to have the right; express a desire, burn with desire, acquire a habit, consider oneself entitled, consider it necessary etc.:

He took part in the conference(=participated).

Compound verb predicate(GHS) has the following structure:
preinfinitive part + infinitive.

Infinitive expresses the main lexical meaning of the predicate - names the action.

Pre-infinitive part expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and also additional characteristics action - an indication of its beginning, middle or end (phase meaning) or possibility, desirability, degree of commonness and other characteristics that describe the attitude of the subject of the action to this action (modal meaning).

Phase value expressed by verbs become, begin (start), accept (accept), continue (continue), cease (cease), stop (cease) and some others (most often these are synonyms for the given words, characteristic of conversational style speech):

I started/continued/finished reading this book.

Modal meaning can be expressed

1) verbs be able, able, want, desire, try, intend, dare, refuse, think, prefer, get used to, love, hate, beware, etc.

2) a linking verb to be (in the present time in the zero form) + short adjectives glad, ready, obliged, must, intend, capable, as well as adverbs and nouns with a modal meaning:

I was willing/willing/able to wait.

The phraseological unit can be used both in the pre-infinitive part and in the infinitive position:

He is looking forward to participating in the conference(= wants to participate)
He wants to take part in the conference(= wants to participate).
He eager to take part at the conference(= wants to participate).

The complication of the GHS occurs due to the additional use of a modal or phase verb in its composition:

I started to feel hungry.
I felt that I might soon begin to want to eat.

A special type of GHS is presented in sentences, the main members of which are expressed by verbs in an indefinite form: To be afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest. The auxiliary part of such predicates is atypical for compound verbs: it is represented by the linking verb to be, which is found in compound nominal predicates. In addition, the auxiliary part can also be represented by the verb mean, for example:

Not coming means offending.

The following predicates are not compound verbal predicates:

1) compound form of the future tense of the verb imperfect form in the indicative mood: I will work tomorrow;
2) a combination of a simple verbal predicate with an infinitive, occupying the position of complement in the sentence in the case of different subjects of action in the conjugated form of the verb and the infinitive: Everyone asked her.underline ( border-bottom: 1px dashed blue; ) to sing (everyone asked her, but she should sing);
3) a combination of a simple verbal predicate with an infinitive, which in a sentence is a circumstance of the goal: He went outside for a walk.

It is easy to notice that in all these cases the conjugated form of the verb, standing before the infinitive, has neither phase nor modal meaning.

Compound nominal predicate

Compound nominal predicate(SIS) has the following structure:
nominal part (ligament) + nominal part.

Nominal part expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate.

Administrative part expresses the grammatical or grammatical and part of the lexical meaning of the predicate.

Administrative part It happens:

1) abstract: the verb to be (in the meaning of “to appear” and not “to be” or “to have”), which expresses only the grammatical meaning of the predicate - mood, tense, person / gender, number; in the present tense, the abstract connective appears in the zero form: He is a student / was a student.

2) semi-nominal (semi-abstract): verbs appear (appear), happen, appear (seem), introduce yourself (introduce yourself), become (become), become (become), stay (remain), count, etc., which express the grammatical meaning of the predicate and complement the meaning expressed nominal part; these verbs are usually not used without a nominal part.

For example: He turned out to be a student. She seemed tired.

3) significant (full-valued): verbs of movement, state, activity go, walk, run, return, sit, stand, lie, work, live, etc.

For example: We returned home tired. He worked as a janitor. He lived as a hermit.

Significant And semi-significantbunch when determining the type of predicate, it can be replaced by an abstract one.

The nominal part can be expressed mono-wordly or non-wordly.

One-word noun phrase :

1) a noun in case form, often in the nominative case. / instrumental case.

For example: He is/was a teacher. The skirt was checkered.

2) adjective in full and short form, in the form of any of the degrees of comparison.

For example: His words were smart. He became taller than his father. He is the tallest in the class.

3) complete or short participle: Letter was not printed .

4) pronoun: This pencil is mine!

5) numeral: He was eighth in line.

6) adverb: The conversation will be frank. I felt sorry for the old man.

Non-word expression of the nominal part:

1) a phraseologically free, but syntactically related phrase can have the following structure:

a) a word with a quantitative meaning + a noun in the genitive case.

For example: The boy was five years old.

b) a noun with words dependent on it, if the noun itself is uninformative, and the semantic center of the statement is located precisely in the words dependent on the name (the noun itself in this case can be dropped from the sentence with almost no loss of meaning).

For example: He is the best student in the class.

2) phraseological unit: He was the talk of the town.

The connective part can also be expressed by phraseological units:

He looked gloomy and distracted - phraseological unit in the connective part;

A compound nominal predicate, like a compound verb, can be complicated by introducing a modal or phase auxiliary verb into it.

For example: She wanted to appear tired. He gradually began to become an expert in this field.

Simple predicate

Simple verb predicate

A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by one verb in any inclination :

• Wind sways grass
• Sun disappeared behind the cloud.
• I I'll go to the forest.
• He I would go to the city.
• you to me write letter immediately!
• In the shadows for a long time was heard whisper.

Compound predicate

A compound predicate can be verbal or nominal. It consists of two parts: connectives and verbal or nominal parts.

Compound verb predicate

A compound verbal predicate consists of a connective part and an indefinite form of the verb. Answers questions: What does it do? what to do? what did you do? The ligamentous part can be:

• phase verb (start, continue, become, quit);
• modal word (wants, ready, forced, maybe unable).

He wants to enroll to the institute.
I'm long couldn't with them meet.
You must study.
I was unable to think about this.

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate is a predicate that consists of a nominal part and linking verb.

The most used is linking verb be, are less commonly used, but other linking verbs are also possible.

The connective in the sentence may be omitted.

When parsing, the predicate is indicated by two horizontal lines.

The nominal part of a compound predicate is expressed in different ways:

• adjective: weather was good;
• noun: book - true Friend;
• comparative degree adjective: he has character harder steel;
• a short turn of the passive participles: grass beveled;
• brief adjective: evening quiet;
• adverb: error was obvious;
• numeral name: twice two - four;
• pronoun: this notebook my;
• syntactically integral phrase: He sat in a puddle;
• phraseological unit: he was the talk of the town .

Also in the example:

• the weather was good;

Weather - what did you do?- was - which?- good.

See also

Notes

Literature

• Russian language. Textbook for 8th grade of general education institutions. S. G. Barkhudarov, S. E. Kryuchkov, L. Yu. Maksimov, L. A. Cheshko and others. 28th ed. - M.: Education - JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2005-2008 pp.: ill. - ISBN 5-09-013740-4

Links

• Arutyunova N. D. Predicate // Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary, M., 1990
• Website about the Russian language - predicate (Russian)

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Synonyms:

See what “Predicate” is in other dictionaries:

PREDICATE, predicate, cf. 1. One of the two main members of a sentence, containing a statement, making the expression of a thought complete (gram.). A simple predicate. Compound predicate. In the sentence plant works, the word works is the predicate. 2... Dictionary Ushakova

Predicate, word. Ant. subject, subject Dictionary of Russian synonyms. predicate adj. predicate Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 Informatics. 2012… Dictionary of synonyms

- (predicate) one of the main members of a sentence. In a two-part sentence, the predicate relates to the subject and expresses its actions, properties, states... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PREDICATE, wow, cf. In grammar: the main member of a sentence, denoting the attribute of the subject, named in the subject, and together with the subject forming the grammatical basis simple sentence. | adj. predicate, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Predicate- PREDICATE or predicate. The term S. is used in different meanings: 1. psychological S. or S. (predicate) of a judgment is what is thought about the subject of the judgment or the so-called. psychological subject (see Subject), i.e. that representation that ... Dictionary of literary terms

The main member of a two-part sentence, grammatically dependent on the subject, denoting the active or passive attribute of the subject that is expressed by the subject. Simple verb predicate. Compound verb predicate. Nominal compound... Dictionary linguistic terms

Predicate- The predicate is one of the two main members of the sentence in which what is being communicated is expressed; correlates with the subject and is connected with it by a predicative relation (see Predicate, Sentence). The dominant element (usually a verb) of the predicate composition (predicate ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary

The main member of a sentence, meaning an event. Expressed by a verb (simple verbal predicate), as well as a noun, adjective, adverb (compound nominal predicate); Wed: He is sad/He is sad/It was a good year. Compound verb... ... Literary encyclopedia

Wow; Wed Linguistic One of the two main members of a sentence, denoting the action or state of the subject expressed by the subject. Subject and p. Simple, complex c. Verb p. ◁ Predicate, oh, oh. With oh meaning. Usage of the word... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

predicate- The main member of a two-part sentence, correlative with the subject, grammatically subordinate to it. The formal dependence of the predicate on the subject is manifested in the predicative connection: So the moon has risen. The ideal remedy predicate expressions –… … Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Books

• Set of tables. Russian language. Grammar. 22 tables, . Educational album of 22 sheets. Art. 5-8682-022. Connection of words in a phrase. Types of simple sentences. Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members. A dash between the subject and...

The main members of the proposal are subject and predicate.

Subject

Subject- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers questions nominative case Who? or What?

Ways to Express Subject

Ways of expression	Examples
1. Noun in the nominative case (or other part of speech, used in the meaning of a noun)	Blizzard came right away. (N. Ostrovsky) Gathered discussed the agenda.
2. Pronoun in the nominative case	Every went to the room assigned to him. (A. Pushkin)
3. Indefinite form of the verb	Protect nature means protecting the Motherland. (K. Paustovsky)
4. Phraseologisms	We went out into the field from small to large.
5. Own name	A wide strip, from edge to edge, stretches Milky Way. (V. Arsenyev)
6. Syntactically integral phrase	Grandma and I quietly went to their attic. (M. Gorky)

Predicate

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers questions what does the item do? what's happening to him? what is he like? etc.
The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of one of the moods.
The predicate may be simple And composite.

A predicate expressed by one verb in the form of any mood is called simple verbal predicate.
In a simple verbal predicate, the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word. The predicate expresses the nature of the movement; at the same time, verbs indicate real action.

Composite is a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.
A compound predicate can be verbal And personal. It consists of two parts: one part (the copula) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning of the predicate. There are verbs as connectives be and auxiliary verbs.

Compound verb is called a predicate, which consists of an auxiliary verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and indeterminate form verb expressing its main lexical meaning.
Auxiliary verbs express the meaning of the beginning, end, duration of an action, its desirability or possibility.
Combinations of some short adjectives (must, glad, ready, obliged, capable, intends etc.) and a functional linking verb be in the form of one of the moods.

Compound nominal called a predicate, which consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.), expressing its main lexical meaning.
The most commonly used is the linking verb be, expressing only grammatical meanings.

Note:
Verbs that have the meaning of movement and state can act as connectives: come, come, return etc.; sit, stand etc.

Nominal part of a compound predicate is expressed by an adjective, a noun, a short passive participle etc.

Note:
The nominal part may include conjunctions as if, as if, exactly, adding to the predicate the meaning of comparison.